How Does Your Lifestyle And Environment Impact Aging?

Updated Feb 28, 2025 | 05:00 PM IST

SummaryA new study reinforces that aging is not just written in our genes—it is largely shaped by our environment and lifestyle choices. Read on to know more.
Ageing

Credits: Canva

Aging has always scared people because it slows down you body, the functions in your body also slows down. Your bones become weak, skin loosens, and you might have to put in extra efforts too just to leave the bed. You are no longer a party animal, a night owl, like you used to be. Researchers too have long been trying to understand aging better to help people live healthier and longer lives. It is true the genetics play a big role, however, lifestyle and environmental factors are also to be held responsible on how we age. A recent study published in Nature Medicine highlights how factors like smoking, physical activity, and living conditions affect aging and the risk of diseases.

Does Environment Affect Aging?

The study analyzed data from nearly half a million people in the UK Biobank to examine the impact of 164 different lifestyle and environmental factors on aging and the risk of diseases. Researchers used a unique tool called an “aging clock” to measure biological aging, rather than just counting years.

What Is an Aging Clock?

An aging clock estimates a person’s biological age by analyzing molecular markers in the body rather than their actual years lived. According to Dr. Austin Argentieri, the study’s first author, this method helps predict the risk of diseases and mortality more accurately.

The research team used a “proteomic aging clock,” which examines proteins in the blood to estimate biological age. This tool helped identify lifestyle and environmental factors that influence aging the most.

What Influences The Most In Aging?

The study also noted 25 key environmental and lifestyle factors linked to aging, of which 23 are modifiable. These include:

  • Smoking status
  • Physical activity
  • Socioeconomic conditions (education, income, employment)
  • Sleep patterns
  • Living conditions (type of housing, heating methods)
  • Frequency of feeling tired
Among these, smoking, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and living conditions had the greatest influence on aging and disease risk. Smoking alone was associated with 21 diseases, while socioeconomic factors and frequent tiredness were linked to 19 diseases.

Environmental vs. Genetic Influence on Aging

The study revealed that environmental factors explain 17% of the variation in mortality risk, while genetic predisposition accounts for less than 2%. Environmental influences had a particularly strong impact on lung, heart, and liver diseases, whereas genetic risk remained dominant for conditions like dementia and breast cancer.

“This means we have a major opportunity to reduce early deaths by improving environmental and economic conditions,” said Argentieri. The findings suggest that lifestyle and surroundings are far more important than genetics in determining health and longevity.

More Research Needed on Environmental Risks

Experts agree that while this study highlights key environmental risks, there are still many unidentified factors that contribute to aging and disease. Dr. Cheng-Han Chen emphasized that addressing modifiable factors like smoking and physical inactivity can significantly reduce global disease burdens.

Dr. Wael Harb added that further research should focus on understanding how these factors accelerate aging. Future studies could also explore interventions like smoking cessation programs and promoting physical activity to slow aging and reduce mortality.

Additionally, integrating more advanced biological research—such as genomics and metabolomics—could help create personalized health strategies. Replicating these findings across diverse populations would also strengthen the results.

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Why The Nipah Virus Still Persists After 25 Years In Southeast Asia

Updated Jul 3, 2025 | 03:00 PM IST

SummaryNipah virus, first identified in 1998, remains a deadly threat due to bat reservoirs, human practices, high fatality rates, no vaccine, and risk of wider global spread.
Why the Nipah Virus Still Persists After 25 Years in Southeast Asia

Credits: Canva

In 1998, a mysterious and deadly illness emerged among pig farmers in Malaysia, later identified as the Nipah virus (NiV), a bat-borne zoonotic pathogen from the Henipavirus genus. It caused severe respiratory illness and encephalitis, claiming over 100 lives and decimating the pig farming industry.

The virus reappeared in Singapore in 1999. Over time, it was clear that the outbreaks weren’t isolated events. NiV had entrenched itself across regions with certain ecological and socio-cultural conditions, particularly in South and Southeast Asia.

Today, NiV is considered one of the World Health Organization's priority diseases for research and development due to its high case fatality rate (up to 100% in some outbreaks), human-to-human transmissibility, and pandemic potential.

25 Years, 754 Cases, 435 Deaths

As of May 2024, there have been 754 confirmed human Nipah cases reported across five countries—Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines—with 435 deaths, averaging a staggering case fatality rate (CFR) of 58%

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The most affected countries are:

  • Bangladesh: 341 cases, 241 deaths (CFR 71%)
  • India: 102 cases, 74 deaths (CFR 73%)
  • Malaysia: 283 cases, 109 deaths (CFR 39%)
  • Philippines: 17 cases, 9 deaths (CFR 53%)
  • Singapore: 11 cases, 1 death (CFR 9%)

Unlike Malaysia and the Philippines, where the virus spread through intermediate hosts like pigs or horses, cases in Bangladesh and India have been directly linked to bat-to-human transmission—primarily through the consumption of raw date palm sap contaminated by infected fruit bats.

Why Does Nipah Still Exist?

Fruit Bats Are Permanent Reservoirs

Nipah virus resides in Pteropus fruit bats, which are widely distributed across Asia, the Pacific Islands, and even parts of Africa. These bats are natural carriers and do not show symptoms of the disease, making them difficult to monitor or control. NiV RNA and antibodies have been found in bats in at least 15 countries, including India, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Ghana.

Human Habits Enable Spillover

In regions like Bangladesh, seasonal practices such as collecting fresh date palm sap—a delicacy also consumed raw—provide a direct interface between humans and bat secretions. The virus can contaminate sap through bat saliva or urine.

Moreover, in the Philippines, outbreaks were traced to the butchering and consumption of sick horses. These recurring interactions with potential intermediary hosts keep the door open for viral spillover.

Human-to-Human Transmission

Although not as contagious as influenza or COVID-19, human-to-human transmission of NiV has been confirmed in Bangladesh and India. Some outbreaks have shown vertical transmission (mother to child) and transmission among caregivers and family members.

This capability increases the risk of community spread, particularly in regions with delayed detection or inadequate isolation infrastructure.

No Vaccine, No Cure

Despite being on the global priority pathogen list, there is no licensed vaccine or specific treatment for Nipah. Management remains supportive, relying on early diagnosis and intensive care. In resource-constrained regions, especially rural South Asia, this becomes a daunting challenge.

Bangladesh and India: The Epicenters of Ongoing Risk

Since 2001, both Bangladesh and India have reported almost every year either isolated or clustered cases of Nipah virus, particularly in Kerala and West Bengal (India) and multiple districts in Bangladesh.

Notably, 2023 saw Bangladesh’s highest ever reported NiV cases and deaths. In 2024, the country reported two cases—both of which were fatal, marking a 100% CFR for the year

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Efforts in both countries have been ramped up. Surveillance now includes:

  • Testing date palm sap for contamination
  • Educating communities to avoid raw consumption
  • Quarantining suspected cases
  • Expanding diagnostic labs and outbreak response teams

Still, challenges remain due to cultural habits, lack of rapid testing in rural areas, and public fatigue around health advisories.

The Risk of a Wider Spread

Though human NiV cases have so far been reported only in Asia, the potential for global spread exists. Several factors fuel this concern:

Genetic adaptability: The virus has shown potential for genetic reassortment, raising fears of a more transmissible strain.

Broad geographic distribution: NiV-carrying bats exist far beyond the current outbreak zones.

Environmental change: Deforestation, land-use changes, and climate shifts are bringing bats closer to human habitats.

Global travel and trade: A delayed diagnosis in one international traveler could enable the virus to spread outside endemic zones.

What Needs to Be Done?

A Global “One Health” Approach

The study by Sakirul Khan et al. emphasizes the urgent need for multisectoral collaboration—involving human health, veterinary, and environmental sciences—to monitor and prevent outbreaks

. A “One World, One Health” model is key.

Steps must include:

  • Strengthening high-containment laboratories in risk zones
  • Continuous monitoring of viral genetic changes
  • Developing and testing vaccines and antiviral therapies
  • Investing in bat ecology research and habitat protection
  • Community engagement and behavioral change strategies

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Modern Family Star Julie Bowen Shares Her Rare Heart Condition - What Does Having A Low Resting Heart Rate Mean?

Updated Jul 3, 2025 | 10:51 AM IST

SummaryKnown for her role as Claire in Modern Family, Julie Bowen opens up about her rare heart condition diagnosis, “Oh my God. My life is over. This is so weird. I'm gonna die.”

(Credit-itsjuliebowen/Instagram)

Known for her iconic role as Claire in the Modern Family, Julie Bowen who is a versatile American actress, recently spoke about the rare heart condition she's was diagnosed with at 29.

Speaking about it on the first episode of 'Inside of You' with host Micheal Rosenbaum, Julie revealed her condition 'shy sinus syndrome' that caused her to have a low resting heart rate. She also explained how, due to the condition, she also has had a pacemaker put in place.

Lifelong Low Heart Rate and a Surprising Diagnosis

Bowen explained that she has always had a remarkably low resting heart rate, even around 30 beats per minute at times, a significant deviation from the normal range of 60 to 100 beats per minute for women. This was due to sick sinus syndrome, a heart rhythm disorder exacerbated in her case by hypervagotonia, an overactive vagus nerve. Despite being a competitive runner, her low heart rate was a constant, though initially unexplained, characteristic.

The John Hopkins Medicine explains that sick sinus syndrome (SSS) occurs when your heart's natural pacemaker, the sinoatrial (SA) node in the upper right chamber, becomes damaged and can no longer regulate your heartbeat properly. This damage can result from underlying medical conditions or certain medications, leading to heartbeats that are too slow, too fast, or fluctuate between both extremes.

Recognizing the Symptoms

You might have SSS with no symptoms at all, or only mild ones. However, if symptoms do appear, they can include:

  • Dizziness
  • Fainting (syncope)
  • Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity
  • Heart palpitations (a fluttering or pounding sensation in your chest)
  • Chest pain

How Is Sick Sinus Syndrome Diagnosed?

The turning point for Julie came thanks to her sister, Annie Luetkemeyer, who had just graduated from medical school. During a family vacation, her sister, still in the habit of carrying a stethoscope, insisted on listening to Bowen's heart. "That is not what they've been telling you, and it's not runner's heart or whatever. That means you need to go to a cardiologist," her sister declared, refusing to let the issue drop

Your healthcare provider might suspect SSS based on your symptoms, but these symptoms can be common to many other conditions. To confirm a diagnosis, your provider will likely perform an electrocardiogram (ECG), which records your heart's electrical activity, rate, and rhythm. If you're not experiencing symptoms during the ECG, the results may appear normal. Other diagnostic tests that may be used include:

Stress test: An ECG performed while you exercise on a treadmill.

Holter monitor: A portable device you wear for over 24 hours to continuously record your heart's electrical activity.

Event recorder: A device worn for several days that records your heart rate only when symptoms occur.

Electrophysiologic testing: A hospital procedure where catheters are threaded into your heart through a vein in your thigh to study its electrical system.

Echocardiogram: An ultrasound of your heart to check for structural problems.

Treatment Options For SSS

About a month after her sister's crucial warning, Bowen was filming the pilot for "Ed" when she was faced with the reality of needing a pacemaker. Initially, the news was daunting. "I was like, 'Oh my God. My life is over. This is so weird. I'm gonna die,'" she recalled. However, doctors explained that while the condition wasn't immediately fatal, it would lead to her frequently passing out.

Bowen described a sensation of lightheadedness, particularly when she was relaxed, feeling "like I'd been holding my breath for a while." The critical warning that solidified her decision was the risk of passing out while driving and potentially harming someone. "Oh, well, then give me the Goddamn pacemaker," she decided.

Her pacemaker is now set to ensure her heart rate doesn't drop below 45 beats per minute. She shared that the surgical insertion was done discreetly through her armpit, leaving no visible scar. While she's had to have the batteries replaced three times, she largely forgets about it now, a testament to how seamlessly it has integrated into her life.

While this is one way to treat her condition, here are some other ways your doctor may choose to go about your treatment,

Medication adjustment

If certain medications are contributing to your SSS, your healthcare provider may change your prescription.

Blood thinners

Because SSS can increase the risk of blood clots forming in the heart and leading to a stroke, you may be prescribed blood thinners as a preventive measure.

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US Sees Sharp Rise In Dangerous Ticks That Trigger Meat Allergy

Updated Jul 3, 2025 | 04:00 AM IST

SummaryLone star ticks are spreading across the US due to climate change, triggering alpha-gal syndrome—a red meat allergy. Experts warn cases could reach millions, but awareness, diagnosis, and research funding remain dangerously limited.
US Sees Sharp Rise In Dangerous Ticks That Trigger Meat Allergy

Credits: Canva

Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is a potentially life-threatening allergy to red meat and other products derived from mammals. Unlike typical food allergies that cause immediate reactions, AGS symptoms can appear several hours after consumption. These range from hives and nausea to anaphylaxis and, in rare cases, heart attacks. The syndrome is triggered by a sugar molecule called galactose-α-1,3-galactose (or alpha-gal), which is introduced into the human body through the bite of a lone star tick.

Why are lone star ticks spreading?

Lone star ticks, named for the white dot found on the backs of females, have long been native to the southeastern United States. But in recent years, their range has expanded dramatically — now reaching as far north as Maine and westwards toward the central US. Experts say this is largely due to the warming climate, which has made previously inhospitable regions more suitable for tick survival and reproduction.

This spread is also helped by other factors such as:

  • Increased deer populations (which host ticks)
  • Urban development that pushes human dwellings closer to wild habitats
  • Lack of natural barriers, such as mountain ranges, in some regions

How common is AGS?

The true number of alpha-gal syndrome cases is difficult to determine due to inconsistent data collection and lack of awareness. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has documented about 110,000 cases since 2010, but estimates suggest the actual number could be as high as 450,000. Many people may never realise their allergic reactions are linked to a tick bite.

What makes these ticks dangerous?

Lone star ticks are notoriously aggressive. They are capable of detecting humans by sensing heat and carbon dioxide and will actively pursue a host. They can even move quickly over short distances, increasing the chances of biting.

The concept of a “tick bomb” — a cluster of tiny juvenile ticks that swarm over anything they encounter — adds another terrifying element to their behavior.

Living with alpha-gal

For those diagnosed with AGS, life can change dramatically. Aside from cutting out red meat (beef, pork, lamb), many patients also have to avoid dairy, gelatin, and even some medications, toothpaste, and medical products derived from mammals. Food choices become limited and dining out risky. In severe cases, even airborne particles from cooking meat can trigger a reaction.

Support groups are growing rapidly, especially in affected regions like Virginia, where community members share coping strategies and advocate for clearer food labelling.

What’s next?

As the climate warms and tick populations expand, AGS may affect millions more. Other tick-borne illnesses like Lyme disease, Babesia, and the deadly Powassan virus are also on the rise.

Yet, despite this growing threat, researchers warn that US funding for tick-borne disease research is shrinking. Experts stress the urgent need for better surveillance, education, and treatment options to confront what could become a nationwide health crisis.

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