Health and Me

Aarushi Bhadury

Known for her iconic role as Claire in the Modern Family, Julie Bowen who is a versatile American actress, recently spoke about the rare heart condition she's was diagnosed with at 29. 

Speaking about it on the first episode of 'Inside of You' with host Micheal Rosenbaum, Julie revealed her condition 'shy sinus syndrome' that caused her to have a <span>low resting heart rate</span>. She also explained how, due to the condition, she also has had a pacemaker put in place. 

<h2><span rel="noindex">Lifelong Low Heart Rate</span> and a Surprising Diagnosis </h2>

Bowen explained that she has always had a remarkably low resting heart rate, even around 30 beats per minute at times, a significant deviation from the normal range of 60 to 100 beats per minute for women. This was due to <span>sick sinus syndrome</span>, a <span>heart rhythm disorder</span> exacerbated in her case by hypervagotonia, an overactive vagus nerve. Despite being a competitive runner, her low heart rate was a constant, though initially unexplained, characteristic. 

The John Hopkins Medicine explains that sick sinus syndrome (<span>SSS</span>) occurs when your heart's natural pacemaker, the sinoatrial (SA) node in the upper right chamber, becomes damaged and can no longer regulate your heartbeat properly. This damage can result from underlying medical conditions or certain medications, leading to heartbeats that are too slow, too fast, or fluctuate between both extremes. 

You might have SSS with no symptoms at all, or only mild ones. However, if symptoms do appear, they can include: 

<ul><li>Dizziness</li><li>Fainting (syncope)</li><li>Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity</li><li>Heart palpitations (a fluttering or pounding sensation in your chest)</li><li>Chest pain</li></ul>

<h2>How Is Sick Sinus Syndrome Diagnosed? </h2>

The turning point for Julie came thanks to her sister, Annie Luetkemeyer, who had just graduated from medical school. During a family vacation, her sister, still in the habit of carrying a stethoscope, insisted on listening to Bowen's heart. "That is not what they've been telling you, and it's not runner's heart or whatever. That means you need to go to a cardiologist," her sister declared, refusing to let the issue drop 

Your healthcare provider might suspect SSS based on your symptoms, but these symptoms can be common to many other conditions. To confirm a diagnosis, your provider will likely perform an electrocardiogram (ECG), which records your heart's electrical activity, rate, and rhythm. If you're not experiencing symptoms during the ECG, the results may appear normal. Other diagnostic tests that may be used include: 

<strong>Stress test:</strong> An ECG performed while you exercise on a treadmill.

<strong>Holter monitor: </strong>A portable device you wear for over 24 hours to continuously record your heart's electrical activity.

<strong>Event recorder: </strong>A device worn for several days that records your heart rate only when symptoms occur.

<strong>Electrophysiologic testing:</strong> A hospital procedure where catheters are threaded into your heart through a vein in your thigh to study its electrical system.

<strong>Echocardiogram:</strong> An ultrasound of your heart to check for structural problems. 

About a month after her sister's crucial warning, Bowen was filming the pilot for "Ed" when she was faced with the reality of needing a pacemaker. Initially, the news was daunting. "I was like, 'Oh my God. My life is over. This is so weird. I'm gonna die,'" she recalled. However, doctors explained that while the condition wasn't immediately fatal, it would lead to her frequently passing out. 

Bowen described a sensation of lightheadedness, particularly when she was relaxed, feeling "like I'd been holding my breath for a while." The critical warning that solidified her decision was the risk of passing out while driving and potentially harming someone. "Oh, well, then give me the Goddamn pacemaker," she decided. 

Her pacemaker is now set to ensure her heart rate doesn't drop below 45 beats per minute. She shared that the surgical insertion was done discreetly through her armpit, leaving no visible scar. While she's had to have the batteries replaced three times, she largely forgets about it now, a testament to how seamlessly it has integrated into her life. 

While this is one way to treat her condition, here are some other ways your doctor may choose to go about your treatment, 

If certain medications are contributing to your SSS, your healthcare provider may change your prescription. 

Because SSS can increase the risk of blood clots forming in the heart and leading to a stroke, you may be prescribed blood thinners as a preventive measure. 

Health Conditions A-Z

health

Heart health

Modern Family Star Julia Bowen

Julia Bowen

Low Resting Heart Rate

Lifelong Low Heart Rate

heart rhythm disorder

Sick Sinus Syndrome

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Known for her iconic role as Claire in the Modern Family, Julie Bowen who is a versatile American actress, recently spoke about the rare heart condition she's was diagnosed with at 29. Speaking about it on the first episode of 'Inside of You' with host Micheal Rosenbaum, Julie revealed her condition 'shy sinus syndrome' that caused her to have a low resting heart rate. She also explained how, due to the condition, she also has had a pacemaker put in place. Lifelong Low Heart Rate and a Surprising Diagnosis Bowen explained that she has always had a remarkably low resting heart rate, even around 30 beats per minute at times, a significant deviation from the normal range of 60 to 100 beats per minute for women. This was due to sick sinus syndrome, a heart rhythm disorder exacerbated in her case by hypervagotonia, an overactive vagus nerve. Despite being a competitive runner, her low heart rate was a constant, though initially unexplained, characteristic. The John Hopkins Medicine explains that sick sinus syndrome (SSS) occurs when your heart's natural pacemaker, the sinoatrial (SA) node in the upper right chamber, becomes damaged and can no longer regulate your heartbeat properly. This damage can result from underlying medical conditions or certain medications, leading to heartbeats that are too slow, too fast, or fluctuate between both extremes. Recognizing the Symptoms You might have SSS with no symptoms at all, or only mild ones. However, if symptoms do appear, they can include: DizzinessFainting (syncope)Shortness of breath, especially with physical activityHeart palpitations (a fluttering or pounding sensation in your chest)Chest painHow Is Sick Sinus Syndrome Diagnosed? The turning point for Julie came thanks to her sister, Annie Luetkemeyer, who had just graduated from medical school. During a family vacation, her sister, still in the habit of carrying a stethoscope, insisted on listening to Bowen's heart. "That is not what they've been telling you, and it's not runner's heart or whatever. That means you need to go to a cardiologist," her sister declared, refusing to let the issue drop Your healthcare provider might suspect SSS based on your symptoms, but these symptoms can be common to many other conditions. To confirm a diagnosis, your provider will likely perform an electrocardiogram (ECG), which records your heart's electrical activity, rate, and rhythm. If you're not experiencing symptoms during the ECG, the results may appear normal. Other diagnostic tests that may be used include: Stress test: An ECG performed while you exercise on a treadmill.Holter monitor: A portable device you wear for over 24 hours to continuously record your heart's electrical activity.Event recorder: A device worn for several days that records your heart rate only when symptoms occur.Electrophysiologic testing: A hospital procedure where catheters are threaded into your heart through a vein in your thigh to study its electrical system.Echocardiogram: An ultrasound of your heart to check for structural problems. Treatment Options For SSS About a month after her sister's crucial warning, Bowen was filming the pilot for "Ed" when she was faced with the reality of needing a pacemaker. Initially, the news was daunting. "I was like, 'Oh my God. My life is over. This is so weird. I'm gonna die,'" she recalled. However, doctors explained that while the condition wasn't immediately fatal, it would lead to her frequently passing out. Bowen described a sensation of lightheadedness, particularly when she was relaxed, feeling "like I'd been holding my breath for a while." The critical warning that solidified her decision was the risk of passing out while driving and potentially harming someone. "Oh, well, then give me the Goddamn pacemaker," she decided. Her pacemaker is now set to ensure her heart rate doesn't drop below 45 beats per minute. She shared that the surgical insertion was done discreetly through her armpit, leaving no visible scar. While she's had to have the batteries replaced three times, she largely forgets about it now, a testament to how seamlessly it has integrated into her life. While this is one way to treat her condition, here are some other ways your doctor may choose to go about your treatment, Medication adjustment If certain medications are contributing to your SSS, your healthcare provider may change your prescription. Blood thinners Because SSS can increase the risk of blood clots forming in the heart and leading to a stroke, you may be prescribed blood thinners as a preventive measure. 

Modern Family Star Julie Bowen Shares Her Rare Heart Condition - What Does Having A Low Resting Heart Rate Mean?

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During times of crisis or heightened emotions, we seek our elders for some clarity as well as for someone who will keep a cool head during these times. We are always told that wisdom and ways to handle difficult situations are things we gain as we age and a new study shows that this fact holds a lot of truth. We all remember our grandparents and how sweet, calm and patient they were, no matter how many times we messed up or did things that would anger our parents. 

A new study suggests this isn't just a personality trait but a skill that improves with age, particularly for women. Research published in the journal <span>Menopause</span> indicates that as women age, especially from middle age onward, their ability to manage anger significantly improves. 

<h2>Anger Intensifies, Expression Softens </h2>

Here's the interesting part: this doesn't mean older women feel less angry. In fact, the study, which looked at information from 271 women over many years, found that they actually reported feeling angrier more often and more strongly as they aged. But here's the key difference: they were much less likely to show their anger outwardly or act in a hostile way. So, even though the feeling of anger might be stronger, their ability to control how they react becomes much better. They might feel it, but they don't necessarily let it burst out. 

So, why does this happen? Researchers have a couple of ideas. One thought is that as women reach middle age and go through menopause, they often feel a stronger sense of "generativity." This basically means they feel a deep need to help and care for others, especially younger generations, and to make a positive impact on the world. This feeling might help them become more emotionally mature and integrated. 

Another idea is that women might become more strategic about how they express their anger. Instead of just lashing out, they might choose more positive and constructive ways to deal with their feelings, which can actually help improve their relationships. When women use anger in these more positive ways, they often feel more empowered and have better self-esteem. 

<h2>Knowing When Your Anger Is A Problem</h2>

According to the American Psychological Association, anger management aims to lessen both the strong feelings of anger you experience and the physical reactions it triggers in your body. While you can't always avoid or change the people or situations that make you angry, you can learn to control how you react. 

There are tests that can measure how intense your anger is, how often you get angry, and how well you handle it. However, if you're struggling with anger, you probably already know it. If your actions feel out of control or frightening to you, it might be time to seek help in finding healthier ways to deal with this powerful emotion. 

Experts point out that the changes women experience during menopause can really affect their mental well-being, both in their personal lives and at work. She explains that shifts in hormones during times like postpartum (after childbirth), during monthly periods, and around menopause can lead to strong mood swings, including feelings of anger and hostility. She stresses that if women are informed about these possible mood changes and get help managing their symptoms, it can make a huge difference in their overall quality of life and health. The study's authors also believe we need more research to understand women's anger in everyday situations, which can give us even more helpful tips on managing emotions and anger. 

Older adults and anger management

why do old people do not get angry

Women and anger

Women and anger management

Anger gets better with age

menopause

During times of crisis or heightened emotions, we seek our elders for some clarity as well as for someone who will keep a cool head during these times. We are always told that wisdom and ways to handle difficult situations are things we gain as we age and a new study shows that this fact holds a lot of truth. We all remember our grandparents and how sweet, calm and patient they were, no matter how many times we messed up or did things that would anger our parents. A new study suggests this isn't just a personality trait but a skill that improves with age, particularly for women. Research published in the journal Menopause indicates that as women age, especially from middle age onward, their ability to manage anger significantly improves. Anger Intensifies, Expression Softens Here's the interesting part: this doesn't mean older women feel less angry. In fact, the study, which looked at information from 271 women over many years, found that they actually reported feeling angrier more often and more strongly as they aged. But here's the key difference: they were much less likely to show their anger outwardly or act in a hostile way. So, even though the feeling of anger might be stronger, their ability to control how they react becomes much better. They might feel it, but they don't necessarily let it burst out. Why the Shift? So, why does this happen? Researchers have a couple of ideas. One thought is that as women reach middle age and go through menopause, they often feel a stronger sense of "generativity." This basically means they feel a deep need to help and care for others, especially younger generations, and to make a positive impact on the world. This feeling might help them become more emotionally mature and integrated. Another idea is that women might become more strategic about how they express their anger. Instead of just lashing out, they might choose more positive and constructive ways to deal with their feelings, which can actually help improve their relationships. When women use anger in these more positive ways, they often feel more empowered and have better self-esteem. Knowing When Your Anger Is A ProblemAccording to the American Psychological Association, anger management aims to lessen both the strong feelings of anger you experience and the physical reactions it triggers in your body. While you can't always avoid or change the people or situations that make you angry, you can learn to control how you react. There are tests that can measure how intense your anger is, how often you get angry, and how well you handle it. However, if you're struggling with anger, you probably already know it. If your actions feel out of control or frightening to you, it might be time to seek help in finding healthier ways to deal with this powerful emotion. What Does This Study Imply? Experts point out that the changes women experience during menopause can really affect their mental well-being, both in their personal lives and at work. She explains that shifts in hormones during times like postpartum (after childbirth), during monthly periods, and around menopause can lead to strong mood swings, including feelings of anger and hostility. She stresses that if women are informed about these possible mood changes and get help managing their symptoms, it can make a huge difference in their overall quality of life and health. The study's authors also believe we need more research to understand women's anger in everyday situations, which can give us even more helpful tips on managing emotions and anger.  

older adults know how to manage their anger better with age: study

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People have the ability to come up with great, unique, and different ideas from the rest. However, we have all had days when brainstorming doesn't fruit any good ideas for us. So, the natural next step is to look on the internet. However, doing this is not only ruining your thought process but it is also killing your creativity. A new study shows that if you are looking for new ideas, you should stay off the internet. 

Using the internet to find new ideas during group brainstorming sessions might actually stifle creativity, according to a study published on June 30 in the journal Memory &amp; Cognition. Researchers found that internet searches can hinder a group's ability to generate truly original ideas 

<h2>Internet's Impact on Creativity </h2>

The internet isn't making us less intelligent, but we might not be using it in the best ways for brainstorming. Researchers believe the internet can limit creativity because of something called "fixation effects." This means that when people see ideas from a search engine, they tend to think of other similar ideas. At the same time, these suggestions can block them from coming up with completely new or different answers. 

For example, if someone is trying to list things you might "spread" and sees "butter" or "jam" from the internet, they're more likely to think of other foods like "cream cheese." They'll be less likely to think of non-food ideas, like "disease" or "rumors." 

In a lab experiment with nearly 250 people, researchers looked at how groups came up with new uses for umbrellas and shields. They knew that there are many alternative uses for umbrellas online, but very few for shields. 

Groups that had internet access struggled to find new ideas for umbrellas. This was probably because seeing so many suggestions online narrowed their thinking. On the other hand, because there weren't many pre-existing ideas for shields, groups had more room for their creativity to grow. This study provides the first proof that internet searches can cause this "fixation effect. 

The results also showed that people who didn't use the internet were more imaginative. Those who used Google often came up with the same common answers, sometimes even in the same order. People who didn't use Google came up with more unique answers. 

However, researchers don't think we should avoid the internet when brainstorming. Instead, we need to find better ways to use search engines to boost our creative thinking. 

The hope is to understand how human thought interacts with technology so we can get the most out of the internet while reducing its downsides. For instance, doing some brainstorming without the internet first could help avoid getting stuck on existing ideas. The goal isn't to give up the power of online search, but to learn how to use it more effectively. 

Creativity blocks are normal, especially for people like designers writers as well as artists. However, due to the vagueness of this process, it is difficult to know when it will end or how to go about it. Here are some ways you can deal with it. 

Pinpoint the core reason for your creative block. Is it a lack of inspiration, confidence, or clarity? Understanding if it's personal, professional, or environmental, and whether it's temporary or chronic, helps you address the issue effectively. 

Combat creative blocks by changing your routine. Alter your environment, schedule, tools, or methods to introduce new stimuli. Working differently sparks fresh ideas, refreshes your mind, and prevents boredom from stifling creativity. 

Sometimes, stepping away is best. Relax, recharge, and distract yourself from creative frustration. Engage in unrelated activities like reading, listening, or exercising. This helps you return with a fresh perspective, but avoid procrastination. 

Overcome blocks by experimenting and iterating. Try different ideas and variations without attachment to perfection. Sketch, prototype, and revise to explore creative potential, discover new possibilities, and learn from any mistakes along the way. 

Accept creative block as a natural part of the process, not a failure. Embracing it helps overcome fear and self-doubt, motivating continued progress. Acknowledge, reframe, learn, and even celebrate the challenge to improve skills. 

Creativity block

Internet hinders creativity

Brainstorming ideas

Internet Kills Creativity

How internet impacts creativity

though process

People have the ability to come up with great, unique, and different ideas from the rest. However, we have all had days when brainstorming doesn't fruit any good ideas for us. So, the natural next step is to look on the internet. However, doing this is not only ruining your thought process but it is also killing your creativity. A new study shows that if you are looking for new ideas, you should stay off the internet. Using the internet to find new ideas during group brainstorming sessions might actually stifle creativity, according to a study published on June 30 in the journal Memory & Cognition. Researchers found that internet searches can hinder a group's ability to generate truly original ideas Internet's Impact on Creativity The internet isn't making us less intelligent, but we might not be using it in the best ways for brainstorming. Researchers believe the internet can limit creativity because of something called "fixation effects." This means that when people see ideas from a search engine, they tend to think of other similar ideas. At the same time, these suggestions can block them from coming up with completely new or different answers. For example, if someone is trying to list things you might "spread" and sees "butter" or "jam" from the internet, they're more likely to think of other foods like "cream cheese." They'll be less likely to think of non-food ideas, like "disease" or "rumors." What the Study Showed In a lab experiment with nearly 250 people, researchers looked at how groups came up with new uses for umbrellas and shields. They knew that there are many alternative uses for umbrellas online, but very few for shields. Groups that had internet access struggled to find new ideas for umbrellas. This was probably because seeing so many suggestions online narrowed their thinking. On the other hand, because there weren't many pre-existing ideas for shields, groups had more room for their creativity to grow. This study provides the first proof that internet searches can cause this "fixation effect. The results also showed that people who didn't use the internet were more imaginative. Those who used Google often came up with the same common answers, sometimes even in the same order. People who didn't use Google came up with more unique answers. Smarter Ways to Brainstorm However, researchers don't think we should avoid the internet when brainstorming. Instead, we need to find better ways to use search engines to boost our creative thinking. The hope is to understand how human thought interacts with technology so we can get the most out of the internet while reducing its downsides. For instance, doing some brainstorming without the internet first could help avoid getting stuck on existing ideas. The goal isn't to give up the power of online search, but to learn how to use it more effectively. Dealing With Creativity Blocks Creativity blocks are normal, especially for people like designers writers as well as artists. However, due to the vagueness of this process, it is difficult to know when it will end or how to go about it. Here are some ways you can deal with it. Identify the Root Cause Pinpoint the core reason for your creative block. Is it a lack of inspiration, confidence, or clarity? Understanding if it's personal, professional, or environmental, and whether it's temporary or chronic, helps you address the issue effectively. Break the Routine Combat creative blocks by changing your routine. Alter your environment, schedule, tools, or methods to introduce new stimuli. Working differently sparks fresh ideas, refreshes your mind, and prevents boredom from stifling creativity. Do Something Else Sometimes, stepping away is best. Relax, recharge, and distract yourself from creative frustration. Engage in unrelated activities like reading, listening, or exercising. This helps you return with a fresh perspective, but avoid procrastination. Experiment and Iterate Overcome blocks by experimenting and iterating. Try different ideas and variations without attachment to perfection. Sketch, prototype, and revise to explore creative potential, discover new possibilities, and learn from any mistakes along the way. Embrace the Challenge Accept creative block as a natural part of the process, not a failure. Embracing it helps overcome fear and self-doubt, motivating continued progress. Acknowledge, reframe, learn, and even celebrate the challenge to improve skills. 

internet kills creativity – study finds using the internet while brainstorming can hinder thought process

Ishita Roy

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In 1998, a mysterious and deadly illness emerged among pig farmers in Malaysia, later identified as the <span>Nipah virus</span> (NiV), a bat-borne zoonotic pathogen from the Henipavirus genus. It caused severe respiratory illness and encephalitis, claiming over 100 lives and decimating the pig farming industry.

The virus reappeared in Singapore in 1999. Over time, it was clear that the outbreaks weren’t isolated events. NiV had entrenched itself across regions with certain ecological and socio-cultural conditions, particularly in South and Southeast Asia.

Today, NiV is considered one of the World Health Organization's priority diseases for research and development due to its high case fatality rate (up to 100% in some outbreaks), human-to-human transmissibility, and pandemic potential.

As of May 2024, there have been 754 confirmed human <span>Nipah</span> cases reported across five countries—Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines—with 435 deaths, averaging a staggering case fatality rate (CFR) of 58%

<ul><li>Bangladesh: 341 cases, 241 deaths (CFR 71%)</li><li>India: 102 cases, 74 deaths (CFR 73%)</li><li>Malaysia: 283 cases, 109 deaths (CFR 39%)</li><li>Philippines: 17 cases, 9 deaths (CFR 53%)</li><li>Singapore: 11 cases, 1 death (CFR 9%)</li></ul>

Unlike Malaysia and the Philippines, where the virus spread through intermediate hosts like pigs or horses, cases in Bangladesh and India have been directly linked to bat-to-human transmission—primarily through the consumption of raw date palm sap contaminated by infected fruit <span>bats</span>.

<h5>Fruit Bats Are Permanent Reservoirs</h5>

Nipah virus resides in Pteropus fruit bats, which are widely distributed across Asia, the Pacific Islands, and even parts of Africa. These bats are natural carriers and do not show symptoms of the disease, making them difficult to monitor or control. NiV RNA and antibodies have been found in bats in at least 15 countries, including India, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Ghana.

In regions like Bangladesh, seasonal practices such as collecting fresh date palm sap—a delicacy also consumed raw—provide a direct interface between humans and bat secretions. The virus can contaminate sap through bat saliva or urine.

Moreover, in the Philippines, outbreaks were traced to the butchering and consumption of sick horses. These recurring interactions with potential intermediary hosts keep the door open for viral spillover.

Although not as contagious as influenza or COVID-19, human-to-human transmission of NiV has been confirmed in Bangladesh and India. Some outbreaks have shown vertical transmission (mother to child) and transmission among caregivers and family members.

This capability increases the risk of community spread, particularly in regions with delayed detection or inadequate isolation infrastructure.

Despite being on the global priority pathogen list, there is no licensed vaccine or specific treatment for Nipah. Management remains supportive, relying on early diagnosis and intensive care. In resource-constrained regions, especially rural South Asia, this becomes a daunting challenge.

<h4>Bangladesh and India: The Epicenters of Ongoing Risk</h4>

Since 2001, both Bangladesh and India have reported almost every year either isolated or clustered cases of Nipah virus, particularly in Kerala and West Bengal (India) and multiple districts in Bangladesh.

Notably, 2023 saw Bangladesh’s highest ever reported NiV cases and deaths. In 2024, the country reported two cases—both of which were fatal, marking a 100% CFR for the year

Efforts in both countries have been ramped up. Surveillance now includes:

<ul><li>Testing date palm sap for contamination</li><li>Educating communities to avoid raw consumption</li><li>Quarantining suspected cases</li><li>Expanding diagnostic labs and outbreak response teams</li></ul>

Still, challenges remain due to cultural habits, lack of rapid testing in rural areas, and public fatigue around health advisories.

Though human NiV cases have so far been reported only in Asia, the potential for global spread exists. Several factors fuel this concern:

<strong>Genetic adaptability: </strong>The virus has shown potential for genetic reassortment, raising fears of a more transmissible strain.

<strong>Broad geographic distribution: </strong>NiV-carrying bats exist far beyond the current outbreak zones.

<strong>Environmental change: </strong>Deforestation, land-use changes, and climate shifts are bringing bats closer to human habitats.

<strong>Global travel and trade:</strong> A delayed diagnosis in one international traveler could enable the virus to spread outside endemic zones.

<h5>A Global “One Health” Approach</h5>

The study by Sakirul Khan et al. emphasizes the urgent need for multisectoral collaboration—involving human health, veterinary, and environmental sciences—to monitor and prevent outbreaks

. A “One World, One Health” model is key.

<ul><li>Strengthening high-containment laboratories in risk zones</li><li>Continuous monitoring of viral genetic changes</li><li>Developing and testing vaccines and antiviral therapies</li><li>Investing in bat ecology research and habitat protection</li><li>Community engagement and behavioral change strategies</li></ul>

nipah

health and wellness

health news

NIPAH virus

bats

22 species of bat virus

In 1998, a mysterious and deadly illness emerged among pig farmers in Malaysia, later identified as the Nipah virus (NiV), a bat-borne zoonotic pathogen from the Henipavirus genus. It caused severe respiratory illness and encephalitis, claiming over 100 lives and decimating the pig farming industry.The virus reappeared in Singapore in 1999. Over time, it was clear that the outbreaks weren’t isolated events. NiV had entrenched itself across regions with certain ecological and socio-cultural conditions, particularly in South and Southeast Asia.Today, NiV is considered one of the World Health Organization's priority diseases for research and development due to its high case fatality rate (up to 100% in some outbreaks), human-to-human transmissibility, and pandemic potential.25 Years, 754 Cases, 435 DeathsAs of May 2024, there have been 754 confirmed human Nipah cases reported across five countries—Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines—with 435 deaths, averaging a staggering case fatality rate (CFR) of 58%.The most affected countries are:Bangladesh: 341 cases, 241 deaths (CFR 71%)India: 102 cases, 74 deaths (CFR 73%)Malaysia: 283 cases, 109 deaths (CFR 39%)Philippines: 17 cases, 9 deaths (CFR 53%)Singapore: 11 cases, 1 death (CFR 9%)Unlike Malaysia and the Philippines, where the virus spread through intermediate hosts like pigs or horses, cases in Bangladesh and India have been directly linked to bat-to-human transmission—primarily through the consumption of raw date palm sap contaminated by infected fruit bats.Why Does Nipah Still Exist?Fruit Bats Are Permanent ReservoirsNipah virus resides in Pteropus fruit bats, which are widely distributed across Asia, the Pacific Islands, and even parts of Africa. These bats are natural carriers and do not show symptoms of the disease, making them difficult to monitor or control. NiV RNA and antibodies have been found in bats in at least 15 countries, including India, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Ghana.Human Habits Enable SpilloverIn regions like Bangladesh, seasonal practices such as collecting fresh date palm sap—a delicacy also consumed raw—provide a direct interface between humans and bat secretions. The virus can contaminate sap through bat saliva or urine.Moreover, in the Philippines, outbreaks were traced to the butchering and consumption of sick horses. These recurring interactions with potential intermediary hosts keep the door open for viral spillover.Human-to-Human TransmissionAlthough not as contagious as influenza or COVID-19, human-to-human transmission of NiV has been confirmed in Bangladesh and India. Some outbreaks have shown vertical transmission (mother to child) and transmission among caregivers and family members.This capability increases the risk of community spread, particularly in regions with delayed detection or inadequate isolation infrastructure.No Vaccine, No CureDespite being on the global priority pathogen list, there is no licensed vaccine or specific treatment for Nipah. Management remains supportive, relying on early diagnosis and intensive care. In resource-constrained regions, especially rural South Asia, this becomes a daunting challenge.Bangladesh and India: The Epicenters of Ongoing RiskSince 2001, both Bangladesh and India have reported almost every year either isolated or clustered cases of Nipah virus, particularly in Kerala and West Bengal (India) and multiple districts in Bangladesh.Notably, 2023 saw Bangladesh’s highest ever reported NiV cases and deaths. In 2024, the country reported two cases—both of which were fatal, marking a 100% CFR for the year.Efforts in both countries have been ramped up. Surveillance now includes:Testing date palm sap for contaminationEducating communities to avoid raw consumptionQuarantining suspected casesExpanding diagnostic labs and outbreak response teamsStill, challenges remain due to cultural habits, lack of rapid testing in rural areas, and public fatigue around health advisories.The Risk of a Wider SpreadThough human NiV cases have so far been reported only in Asia, the potential for global spread exists. Several factors fuel this concern:Genetic adaptability: The virus has shown potential for genetic reassortment, raising fears of a more transmissible strain.Broad geographic distribution: NiV-carrying bats exist far beyond the current outbreak zones.Environmental change: Deforestation, land-use changes, and climate shifts are bringing bats closer to human habitats.Global travel and trade: A delayed diagnosis in one international traveler could enable the virus to spread outside endemic zones.What Needs to Be Done?A Global “One Health” ApproachThe study by Sakirul Khan et al. emphasizes the urgent need for multisectoral collaboration—involving human health, veterinary, and environmental sciences—to monitor and prevent outbreaks. A “One World, One Health” model is key.Steps must include:Strengthening high-containment laboratories in risk zonesContinuous monitoring of viral genetic changesDeveloping and testing vaccines and antiviral therapiesInvesting in bat ecology research and habitat protectionCommunity engagement and behavioral change strategies

why the nipah virus still persists after 25 years in southeast asia

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