Fall is a beautiful time of year, but it’s also when many viral illnesses peak. The cooler weather can weaken the immune system, increasing your vulnerability to infections, especially among children, the elderly, and those with weaker immune systems. Prevention is key to staying healthy, and with a few proactive steps, you can avoid germs and infections. Here's what to watch out for and how to protect yourself from common fall illnesses.

Common Fall Infections

Fall sees a surge in various viral and bacterial infections that spread easily in colder temperatures. Here are some of the most common ones:

Common Cold: The cold virus thrives in fall, causing runny noses, sneezing, congestion, and sore throats.

Flu: The flu season peaks in fall, with symptoms including fever, chills, body aches, and fatigue. If left untreated, it can turn into more serious illnesses like bronchitis or pneumonia.

Bronchitis: Caused by viruses, bronchitis inflames the airways in the lungs, leading to coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

Sore Throat: Cooler weather can dry out your throat, making it more susceptible to infections. Sore throats can also be a symptom of allergies, colds, or the flu.

Ear Infections: These are more common in children but can affect adults as well. Ear infections are often caused by bacteria or viruses and can result from colds or allergies.

Allergies: Fall allergies, particularly from ragweed, mold, and dust mites, cause sneezing, watery eyes, and congestion. These allergens get stirred up as you turn on your heat for the first time in the season.

Now, let’s dive into some essential tips to help you prevent these infections and enjoy a healthy fall season.

Keep Your Hands Clean

Germs can linger on surfaces we touch throughout the day, such as doorknobs, phones, and countertops. Washing your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds can dramatically reduce the chances of contracting or spreading harmful bacteria and viruses. In the absence of soap and water, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Clean hands are one of the most effective ways to avoid infections like the flu and the common cold.

Strengthen Your Immune System

A strong immune system is your body’s first line of defense against germs. This fall, focus on boosting your immunity by eating a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals. Foods high in vitamin C (like oranges, bell peppers, and broccoli) and zinc (found in nuts, seeds, and beans) help fortify your immune response. In addition, regular exercise, adequate sleep, and managing stress are all key to maintaining a strong immune system.

Stay Hydrated

In cooler months, people tend to drink less water, which can affect the immune system. Staying hydrated helps flush toxins out of the body and keeps your mucous membranes in the nose and throat moist. This moisture makes it harder for germs to take hold and cause infections like colds or sore throats. Aim for at least eight cups of water daily and enjoy warm beverages like herbal teas to stay hydrated.

Disinfect High-Touch Surfaces

Cold and flu germs can live on surfaces for hours, so it’s crucial to regularly clean and disinfect high-contact areas such as door handles, countertops, and phones. Disinfectant wipes or sprays that target viruses and bacteria can help reduce the spread of infections in your home or workplace.

Get Enough Rest

Sleep is essential for a well-functioning immune system. When you’re well-rested, your body can fight off infections more effectively. According to studies, a lack of sleep weakens the immune response, making you more susceptible to illnesses like the flu or bronchitis. Adults should aim for 7-9 hours of sleep per night, while children and teens need even more. Create a calming bedtime routine to ensure restful sleep.

Avoid Close Contact with Sick People

As fall temperatures drop, people spend more time indoors, which makes it easier for germs to spread. Try to avoid close contact with people who are sick, and if you can’t, consider wearing a mask to protect yourself from respiratory infections. In crowded public spaces like buses or offices, it’s especially important to take precautions.

Keep Your Home Ventilated

Even though it’s tempting to keep windows closed during cooler months, proper ventilation is crucial for reducing the spread of airborne viruses and bacteria. Open your windows for a few minutes daily or use fans to ensure fresh air circulates throughout your home. This helps lower the concentration of germs indoors, reducing your risk of infections.

A new analysis by the American Cancer Society observed that colon cancer or colorectal cancer has now become the leading cause of cancer death in US for people under 50. As per the report from the American Cancer Society, adults who are 65 or younger comprise nearly 45 per cent of all new colorectal cancer cases. This is a significant increase from 27 per cent in 1995.

Dr Timothy Cannon, director of the Molecular Tumor Board and co-director of the Gastrointestinal Cancer Program at Inova in Virginia who spoke to Fox News Digital said, "Once considered a disease that primarily affected people over 50, we are now seeing increasing diagnoses in patients in their 20s, 30s and 40s — making it even more important not to dismiss symptoms based on age alone."

How Can You Detect Colorectal Cancer?

Doctors and experts across say that early screenings could help. Health officials recommended screenings to start at the age 45 and continue through age 75 for adults at "average risk".

Other ways could also be stool-based test that are used to detect blood or DNA changes, which could be potential indicators of colorectal cancer.

A colonoscopy is another method, a medical procedure that allows a doctor to examine the inside of a patient's colon and rectum. It uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end. It is typically done every 10 years for adults at average risk.

"Colonoscopy remains the gold standard because it not only detects cancer early but can also prevent it by identifying and removing precancerous polyps," said Cannon.

Dr Michael Martin, who is a California-based physician, however, emphasized that colonoscopy is usually done for younger patients who are at higher risk.

As per Dr Martin, Stool-based tests are appropriate screening options for average-risk adults, but they are not the best choice for people with significant family history, inflammatory bowel disease, hereditary syndromes or alarm symptoms. If symptoms are present, the goal is not screening but diagnosis, and colonoscopy is usually the more appropriate test."

Who Should Get Screened For Colorectal Cancer Before 45?

There are three kinds of people who could get their colon cancer screened before turning 45. Experts suggest these people are as followed:

People With Strong Family History

The American College of Gastroenterology recommends early screening if one first-degree relative is diagnosed with colorectal cancer, or an advanced polyp before age 60, or if two first-degree relatives are diagnosed at any age.

Symptoms That Are Critical

There are red flags which could hint you to get the screening done before 45, they include:

• Rectal bleeding with bright red blood
• Dark or black stools
• Blood in stool
• Persistent changes in bowel habits like constipation or diarrhea
• Unexplained iron deficiency or anemia
• Ongoing abdominal pain or cramping
• Unexplained weight loss
• Persistent sensation that bowel is not emptying fully

Genetic Condition

Some people with certain genetic condition could have an increased risk of colon cancer, this includes people with Lynch syndrome. This is an inherited DNA mutation that increases lifetime risk. People with this condition should get a colonoscopy every one to two years starting from the age 20 to 25 years, or two to five years before the youngest diagnosed family case, note the National Cancer Institute.

Every year, on March 13, World Sleep Day is observed, with this year's theme being "Sleep Well, Live Better". In many ways, it is true, as the National Institutes of Health, US, notes that sleep helps with almost everything in your life. A good sleep helps with learning and the formation of long-term memories. Not getting enough sleep or enough high-quality sleep could lead to problems, affect your mood, immune system and your learning capabilities. So, to be true to the theme of "Sleep Well, Live Better", Health and Me, based on what experts told The New York Times (NYT), came up with six day-time habits that will help you sleep better.

Why is it important? Much conversation that happens around good sleep focuses on nighttime routine, but what you do throughout the day also impacts how well you sleep.

Speaking to NYT, Joseph Dzierzewski, senior vice president of research and scientific affairs at the National Sleep Foundation, noted that daily habits play a critical role in regulating sleep patterns. According to him, the choices people make during the day can be just as important as their bedtime routines.

Morning Sunlight Is Important

As per Dr Indira Gurubhagavatula, a professor of sleep medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, who also spoke to NYT, getting sunlight within an hour of waking helps suppress sleep-inducing hormones and signals the body to shift into "wake mode". This helps reset body's internal clock so that it naturally becomes tired again by bedtime.

While spending an hour outdoors may not always be feasible, experts say even short bursts of light exposure help. Opening the blinds, sitting by a window, or having morning coffee on a balcony can make a difference. Even about 10 minutes of sunlight is better than none.

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A Consistent Mealtime

Experts note that the body operates on a 24-hour internal clock known as the circadian rhythm, which regulates sleep and wake cycles. The digestive system also plays a role in this rhythm and responds to cues about when food is consumed.

Eating meals at inconsistent times may disrupt this rhythm and potentially affect sleep quality.

A consistent meal time also helps with healthy habits and helps you to avoid digestive discomfort and acid reflux during sleep.

Caffeine Habits: Is It Time To Rethink It?

Dr. Charlene Gamaldo, a neurologist and sleep medicine specialist at Johns Hopkins Medicine, told NYT that caffeine stays in some people's systems much longer than others. In slow metabolizers, caffeine from a morning coffee could remain in the body for more than 12 hours, potentially interfering with sleep.

Time Your Medication For Early Hours

According to Dr. Gurubhagavatula, certain drugs, including decongestants such as phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine, medications used for ADHD and asthma, some antidepressants, and oral steroids, may have stimulating effects.

This is because some medication could make it harder for you to fall or stay asleep, when taken late in the day.

Be Consistent When You Wake Up

Experts say that frequently changing wake-up times, even on weekends, can disrupt the circadian rhythm and make it harder to maintain a healthy sleep schedule. However, the timing does not need to be exact. Staying within about 30 minutes of the usual wake-up time is generally sufficient to maintain consistency.

Be Attentive Towards Your Workout Timing

Regular exercise is widely associated with better sleep, and health guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity each week. However, for some people, exercising too close to bedtime may make it harder to fall asleep. Strenuous workouts can temporarily increase body temperature and raise stress hormones and endorphins, which may keep the body alert.

About 30 to 83.7 million adults in the United States have Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), notes American Lung Association. Roughly 80 per cent of these cases remain undiagnosed. However, now, a simple daily pill, an old drug, could just be the solution.

Scientists in Sweden and other places too, have been studying the anti-seizure medicine sultiame as a treatment for OSA. In their latest Phase II trial, the scientists found that people on sultiame experienced an improvement in their apsea symptoms, and their sleep quality too improved as compared to those taking placebo.

The results points towards the potential of sultiame becoming an effective option for people with sleep apnea, especially those who cannot tolerate continuous positive airway pressure (CPACP) machines. The findings are published in The Lancet, and the researchers noted: "These findings offer perspective for a pharmaceutical approach to treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea."

Sleep Apnea Pill: What Is This Condition?

OSA is the most common form of sleep apnea, and it happens when airway muscles physically block a person's breathing during sleep. This could pause the body to wake up enough to start breathing again, only for the cycle to restart throughout the night, anywhere from five to 100 times an hour. This also causes low oxygen levels and disturb people's sleep and, over time, can raise the risk of other long-term health problems, which could include heart diseases and even dementia.

What CPAP machines do is they use air pressure to keep the airways open during sleep. While machines are an effective way, some people have trouble using them long term, which is why some companies use less cumbersome interventions, including medicines.

Read: Harish Rana Case Highlights Why Planning For A Living Will Is Important

Sleep Apnea Pill: What Was It Used For?

Sultimae or sulthiame was first launched in the 1960s by Bayger AG as an anticonvulsant - which means, it was a drug designed to treat epilepsy and prevent seizures by stabilizing nerve cell membranes and reducing abnormal, excessive electrical activity in the brain.

What the drug does is, it inhibits carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme that plays a role in regulating our breathing. Research also suggested that this could help people with sleep apnea by preventing airway collapse. The US-based Apnimed, in collaboration with the Japenese company Shionogi & Co., Ltd., have been looking to develop sultiame as a sleep apnea treatment.

How Well Has The Sleep Apnea Pill Been Tested?

The phase II of the trial involved 298 patients. Of them were untreated, moderate and people with severe sleep apnea. The people were observed for over a 15-week period, of them, half were randomized to a placebo pill to be taken right before bed, while rest were given varying doses of sultiame.

The results showed that people who took sultiame saw a noticeable decrease in apnea symptoms and also witnessed improvements in their sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. People in the highest dose group saw the most improvement, with apnea symptoms being reduced up to 47 per cent.

“It feels like a breakthrough, and we now look forward to larger and longer studies to determine whether the effect is sustained over time and whether the treatment is safe for broader patient groups,” said study researcher Jan Hedner, a senior professor of pulmonary medicine at the University of Gothenburg.