Following a keto diet may drastically increase your risk of developing liver cancer by 20 years as it can alter cell function, a new US study suggests.

This celebrity-loved diet involves consuming very low carb and high fat meals to help the body enter a state of ketosis. During this process, the body uses fat for fuel instead of sugar (glucose) which can help lose weight. Additionally, the diet also helps the body to fight against diabetes, cancer, epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease.

A keto diet often consists of 75 per cent fat, 20 per cent protein and only 5 per cent carbohydrates per meal however, the NHS's balanced diet advisory suggests eating meals with at least 30 per cent fat, 15 per cent protein and over 50 per cent carbohydrates.

However, researchers from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University have now found that when the liver is repeatedly exposed to a high-fat diet, its cells change in nature and are more likely to turn cancerous within two decades.

"If cells are forced to deal with a stressor such as a high fat diet over and over again, they will do things that will help them to survive, but at the risk of increased susceptibility to tumorigenesis [when normal cells mutate and become cancerous]," Professor Alex Shalek, director of the Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences, and study co-author noted.

As a result of the discovery, the doctors have now begun to look for ways to reverse liver damage by either returning to a healthier, well-balanced diet or using GLP-1 weight-loss medications such as Ozempic, Wegovy and Mounjaro to restore normal liver cell function.

What Did The Study Find?

Early on during the experiment, the scientists noticed that liver cells called hepatocytes began activating genes to help them survive which reduced the likelihood of cell death and promoting growth, paving the way for them to become cancerous.

However, on the other hand, the cells essential for normal liver function such as metabolism and protein secretion began to simultaneously shut down. By the end of the study, nearly all of the mice that were fed a high-fat diet had developed liver cancer.

Constantine Tzouanas, Harvard-MIT graduate and study co-author said of the results, "These cells have already turned on the same genes that they’re going to need to become cancerous. They’ve already shifted away from the mature identity that would otherwise drag down their ability to proliferate. Once a cell picks up the wrong mutation, then it’s really off to the races and they’ve already gotten a head start on some of those hallmarks of cancer."

READ: What Keto Really Does To Your Body?

Can The Same Happen In Humans?

Thorough examination showed that over time, cells required for healthy liver function also began to decline and turn cancerous in humans as they did in mice. Using these common gene expression patterns, the researchers were able to conclude that the humans are also at a high risk of developing liver cancer due to a high-fat diet.

While the cancer developed within a year in the rodents mice, the researchers noted that the same happens over the span of roughly 20 years in humans due to a variety of factors including overall diet, alcohol use and viral infections, all of which can caused other changes to liver cells.

Apart from reversing liver damage through the use of GLP-1 drugs and returning to a nutritionally balanced diet, the experts are also looking to develop drug treatments that will specifically target liver cells.

Long COVID should be viewed as a web of overlapping symptoms rather than a single, uniform condition, according to a new systematic review published in eClinicalMedicine and reported by the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP). The review highlights several recurring symptom patterns linked to long COVID, including neurological, respiratory, smell and taste-related, cardiopulmonary, and fatigue-driven clusters.

Researchers led by a team from Lanzhou University in Gansu, China, examined data from 64 studies conducted across 20 countries, covering nearly 2.4 million people. They grouped long COVID patients into subtypes using different approaches: symptom overlap in 30 studies, affected organ systems in 16 studies, symptom severity in nine, clinical markers in three, and other classification methods in the remaining research.

COVID Symptoms 2026: Fatigue Emerges As The Most Common Symptom

Among studies that focused on how symptoms appear together, fatigue stood out as the most consistently reported issue. It often occurred alone or alongside problems such as muscle and joint pain, brain fog, or breathlessness. Other symptom pairings that appeared frequently included loss of smell and taste, anxiety with depression, and various forms of musculoskeletal pain.

When researchers classified patients based on affected organ systems, respiratory problems were the most widespread, seen in about 47% of long COVID patients. Neurological symptoms followed at 31%, while gastrointestinal issues were reported by 28%. The authors stressed that these percentages reflect how often these clusters appeared within long COVID cases studied, not how common they are in the general population.

A smaller number of studies sorted patients by how severe their symptoms were, dividing them into mild, moderate, or severe categories using symptom scores, symptom counts, or quality-of-life measures. Three studies used clinical indicators for classification, including abnormal triglyceride levels and signs of restricted lung function on imaging.

COVID Symptoms 2026: Women Report Fatigue More Often

The review also found that long COVID subtypes vary based on demographic, socioeconomic, and medical factors. Women were more likely to report fatigue and neuropsychiatric symptoms, while men more commonly experienced respiratory issues. Older adults tended to show higher rates of respiratory, cardio-renal, and ear, nose, and throat symptoms.

Racial and ethnic differences also emerged. Black and Hispanic individuals were more likely to experience respiratory, cardiac, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, whereas White patients showed higher rates of fatigue and musculoskeletal complaints.

COVID-19 variants appeared to influence symptom patterns as well. The researchers noted that the Alpha variant was closely linked to smell-related and respiratory symptoms, while the Delta variant raised the risk of ENT-related problems. In addition, higher body mass index, socioeconomic disadvantage, and existing conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were strongly associated with cardiopulmonary symptom clusters and a heavier overall long COVID burden.

Overall, the findings reinforce that long COVID rarely affects just one system in the body. Instead, it tends to involve multiple overlapping symptom groups, pointing to the need for more tailored, patient-specific care.

The authors call for future studies to focus on creating standardized ways to classify long COVID, identifying the biological mechanisms behind different symptom clusters, and testing targeted treatments for specific subtypes. They note that this approach will be essential for moving toward precision medicine and improving outcomes for people living with long COVID.

Measles is one of the most infectious illnesses known, and as case numbers rise across the United States, health experts warn the country is close to losing its measles elimination status. The current surge marks the highest number of measles cases recorded since the disease was officially eliminated in the U.S. in 2000. In 2025 alone, more than 2,100 cases have been reported nationwide. Texas has emerged as the hardest-hit state, accounting for roughly two out of every five confirmed infections. So just how easily does measles spread?

Measles Cases Increase In The US

As of January 8, a total of 2,065 measles cases had been confirmed across the country, according to the latest figures from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The last time the U.S. recorded a higher annual total was in 1992, before the routine recommendation of two doses of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine for children, CNN reported.

Several major outbreaks remain active, including one in upstate South Carolina and another along the Arizona-Utah border. These clusters have renewed fears that the U.S. could lose its measles elimination status, which it has maintained for more than two decades. While measles spreads easily, vaccination remains highly effective. One dose of the MMR vaccine offers about 93% protection, and two doses increase effectiveness to 97%, according to the CDC.

What Is Measles?

Measles, also known as rubeola, is a highly contagious viral illness that typically causes fever, cough, a runny nose, red and watery eyes, and a distinctive red, blotchy rash that usually begins on the face and spreads downward. The virus spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes and can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia or brain inflammation. Despite its severity, measles is preventable through a safe and effective vaccine, as per the Mayo Clinic.

How Contagious Is Measles?

Measles is among the most contagious diseases in the world. The virus spreads through airborne droplets that can linger in the air or on surfaces for hours. Up to 90% of unvaccinated people who are exposed to measles will become infected. A single infected person can pass the virus to an estimated 12 to 18 others through close contact or shared spaces. People can transmit the virus days before symptoms become obvious and continue spreading it after the rash appears, according to the World Health Organization.

How Long Is Someone Contagious With Measles?

Someone infected with measles can spread the virus from four days before the rash develops to four days after it appears. The virus spreads so efficiently that about 90% of people who are unvaccinated or have never had measles will become infected after being exposed.

In November, Canada lost its measles elimination status following a significant outbreak, according to the Pan American Health Organization, which works closely with the World Health Organization.

“It’s important to say that all the other 34 countries in the region, they keep their certification as measles-free,” said PAHO/WHO Director Dr. Jarbas Barbosa at the time, as per NPR News.

U.S. health officials have also warned that genetic links between outbreaks in different states suggest continued spread.

“The trajectory that we’re looking at now is that we do anticipate more cases well into January,” Bell said. “What that means for us nationally in terms of how they are defining our designation in this country as having eliminated measles is unclear.”

A major UK study tracking more than 165,000 people living with dementia has found that risperidone raises the risk of stroke across all patients, calling into question the long-held belief that the drug may be safe for certain groups.

Risperidone is a potent antipsychotic commonly given to people with dementia who develop severe agitation, particularly in care homes, when non-medicated approaches have failed.

Researchers observed that the risk of stroke rose even in patients with no previous history of heart disease or stroke. The finding challenges assumptions about who can safely take the drug and has prompted fresh concerns about how risperidone, the only medication of its kind licensed for dementia, is prescribed and followed up.

The findings, published in the British Journal of Psychiatry, are likely to fuel renewed discussion around current prescribing practices.

What Is Risperidone?

Risperidone, sold under brand names such as Risperdal and Risperdal Consta, is an atypical antipsychotic that affects brain chemicals including dopamine and serotonin. It is a prescription-only drug.

Risperidone: Risk Holds Across Patient Profiles

One of the study’s key insights was that the increased stroke risk appeared consistent across different types of patients, according to Dr Byron Creese of Brunel University of London. “We already knew risperidone was linked to stroke, but it was unclear whether some people were more vulnerable than others. We hoped to identify traits that could help doctors avoid prescribing it to higher-risk patients,” he said, as reported by Scitech Daily.

About half of all people with dementia experience agitation, which can be deeply upsetting for both patients and carers. When other methods do not help, risperidone is sometimes used as a last measure. The new evidence sharpens the difficult choices doctors and families face, weighing the drug’s ability to ease extreme distress against its clearly increased stroke risk.

Risperidone: Gaps In Guidance And Monitoring

Risperidone, often used to manage aggressive behaviour, already carries warnings about stroke risk in older adults. However, there is still no dementia-specific guidance on how clinicians should monitor these risks. While NHS advice limits risperidone use to six weeks for severe symptoms, many patients remain on it longer, with follow-up practices differing widely.

Dr Creese noted that there are no UK-licensed alternatives for such cases, making it essential that risks are clearly discussed and carefully balanced. People who have already had a stroke are naturally at higher risk of another. If a stroke occurs while taking risperidone, it may not always be possible to separate drug-related risk from underlying vulnerability. “These results give clearer information to guide decisions,” he said. “Each case should come down to what is right for the individual, through open conversations between doctors, patients, and families.”

What The Data Proves

Researchers examined anonymized NHS records from 2004 to 2023, comparing patients prescribed risperidone with similar individuals who were not. Among those with a prior stroke, the annual rate per 1,000 person-years rose to 22.2 percent in people taking risperidone, compared with 17.7 percent in those who were not. In patients without a stroke history, rates were lower but still notable at 2.9 percent versus 2.2 percent. The risk was also higher during short-term use of up to 12 weeks, according to Scitech Daily.

“We hope this evidence helps shape updated guidance that is more focused on individual patients and real-world risk,” Dr Creese said.