On National Anti-Drug Addiction Day, it's crucial to highlight the growing challenge of substance abuse in India. In India, commonly used and easily accessible drugs include cannabis (bhang, ganja, charas), heroin (chitta), opium, prescription drugs (painkillers, sedatives), alcohol, tobacco, etc.

There is a devastating impact of heroin, commonly referred to as 'chitta' in regions like Punjab and Jammu. It's often sold at affordable prices, making it readily accessible to vulnerable populations, including young adults and adolescents. The ease with which drugs like 'chitta' are accessible has created an alarming addiction crisis, affecting countless individuals and their families.

Recovery from drug addiction is a monumental achievement, but the battle doesn’t end with the completion of a rehab program. The post-recovery phase is often the most challenging. Returning home to environments where drugs like 'chitta' are easily available poses a significant risk of relapse.

So, how can someone who has completed a drug abuse recovery program thrive in such high-risk settings?

Building Resilience Through Mental Health Support

Substance abuse recovery is a complex and often arduous journey that involves much more than just overcoming physical dependence on drugs or alcohol. While detoxification and physical rehabilitation are critical first steps, sustaining long-term sobriety requires addressing the profound mental and emotional impacts of addiction since substance abuse and mental health are deeply interconnected. Many individuals who struggle with addiction may also face underlying mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), etc.

The psychological impact of addiction can leave an individual vulnerable to anxiety, depression, and other mental health challenges. Regular therapy and counselling can help them manage their emotions and reduce the temptation to relapse. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) are especially effective in helping individuals cope with cravings and triggers.

This is why, rehabilitation centres ensure post-recovery follow-up sessions for continued psychological support and post-recovery assistance.

Addressing Trauma

Many individuals who struggle with addiction may have experienced trauma, whether it’s childhood abuse, violence, or other significant emotional upheavals. Unresolved trauma can act as a persistent emotional burden, driving individuals toward substance use as a way to numb their pain. By addressing the root causes of trauma through therapy, individuals can begin to heal and move forward in their recovery journey with a sense of closure and emotional freedom.

Practicing Mindfulness and Stress Management

Stress is a major trigger for relapse, especially in environments where drugs are easily accessible. Emotions like stress, anxiety, sadness, and anger can all serve as powerful triggers for substance use. Incorporating mindfulness practices like meditation, yoga, and breathing exercises can help recovering individuals manage stress and anxiety. They can be effective in helping the person shift focus from distressing thoughts to calming practices. They help cultivate awareness of one’s thoughts and feelings, allowing for better regulation of emotional responses to stress.

By addressing mental health concerns through therapy and by practicing mindfulness-based exercises, individuals can learn to identify and cope with these emotional triggers in healthier ways.

Physical Wellness

Exercise, in particular, has been shown to reduce cravings and improve mood by releasing endorphins—natural mood-enhancing chemicals in the brain. Regular physical activity can also help reduce anxiety and depression.

Developing Strong Support Systems

Having a solid social network is crucial for anyone trying to maintain sobriety. Friends, family, and loved ones can serve as a vital source of support. Engaging loved ones in the recovery process through family therapy can help them understand the challenges of addiction and provide the individual with much-needed emotional backing. Additionally, surrounding oneself with sober peers or mentors who have successfully navigated recovery can be a strong protective factor. These relationships help to reinforce positive behaviors and create an environment of accountability and encouragement.

Relapse Prevention Planning

A detailed relapse prevention plan should be a key part of the post-recovery process. This plan can help individuals identify personal triggers (such as stress, certain places, or social settings) and develop coping strategies to manage them effectively. Another important aspect of relapse prevention is having an emergency action plan in place.

When drugs are readily available in one's home environment, it’s vital to establish boundaries. This could mean avoiding certain social circles, staying away from known drug hotspots, or moving to a new location if feasible. Changing one’s physical environment, if possible, can significantly reduce the chances of encountering triggers.

Developing New and Healthy Habits

Boredom and a lack of purpose can often lead to relapse. Individuals need to cultivate new hobbies and interests that provide meaning and fulfillment. Engaging in creative pursuits, volunteering, or taking up new courses can help reduce idle time and provide a positive focus

Moreover, communities should invest in rehabilitation centers, counseling programs, and post-recovery support systems to help individuals reintegrate into society.

National Anti-Drug Addiction Day reminds us that overcoming addiction is not just about detoxifying the body but also about healing the mind. Mental health support, strong social systems, and relapse prevention strategies are essential for maintaining sobriety, especially in high-risk environments.

By integrating psychological therapies, wellness practices, and strong support systems, individuals can not only overcome addiction but also lead fulfilling, meaningful lives in recovery. With continuous support and the right interventions, it is possible for recovering individuals to navigate environments where drugs are prevalent and to reclaim their lives with dignity and hope.

New research suggests that mothers who give birth by C-section (cesarean delivery) are more likely to have two major problems afterward: severe pain that disrupts sleep and daily activities, and a higher chance of developing sleep problems.

This study, presented at the ANESTHESIOLOGY 2025 annual meeting, highlights a crucial issue. People often forget how important sleep is when a mother is recovering. Sleep is key to a new mother's mental and physical health. The severe pain and lack of sleep linked to C-sections can cause big issues like postpartum depression, trouble thinking and remembering things, and extreme tiredness. All of this can make it harder for the mother to bond with her baby and have good relationships with family.

What Is A C-Section Birth?

According to Mayo Clinic, a C-section aka (cesarean delivery), is a surgery used to deliver a baby. It involves making surgical cuts (incisions) in the mother's belly and uterus to take the baby out.

A C-section may be planned ahead of time if the mother has certain complications during pregnancy, or if she has already had a C-section before. However, for a mother's first baby, the decision to do a C-section is usually made after labor has already started.

If you are pregnant, understanding the reasons for a C-section and what to expect during recovery can help you feel more prepared. Health professionals might recommend a C-section for several important reasons.

A C-section may be needed if labor stalls, the baby is under stress, or is in an unusual position (breech/transverse). Other reasons include carrying multiples, problems like placenta previa or cord prolapse, a physical blockage, the mother's serious health issues, or a past C-section.

How Is Health Affected After Childbirth?

The research included two main parts: talking to mothers (qualitative analysis) and analyzing a large database (quantitative analysis). For the first part, researchers interviewed 41 new mothers about their pain and sleep. They found a striking difference based on the delivery method:

Over two-thirds of mothers who had a C-section (both planned and unplanned) reported severe pain that made it hard to sleep and do daily tasks.

In comparison, only 8% of mothers who had a vaginal birth reported this level of severe, disruptive pain.

Can You Develop A Sleeping Disorder After C-Section?

For the second part of the study, researchers looked at a national insurance database containing information from more than 1.5 million mothers who gave birth between 2008 and 2021.

This analysis showed that mothers who had a C-section were 16% more likely to be diagnosed with a new sleep disorder (such as insomnia, sleep deprivation, or sleep apnea) between one month and one year after delivery, compared to those who delivered vaginally.

The lead author, Moe Takenoshita, M.B.B.Ch., from Stanford University, stressed the importance of managing pain well, especially for C-section recovery, since untreated pain worsens sleep. To help improve sleep, mothers can try several measures:

• Manage pain adequately with medication.
• Exercise regularly (as soon as it’s safe to do so).
• Sleep when the baby sleeps (napping during the day).
• Avoid caffeine or alcohol late in the day.
• Relax before bed with activities like taking a bath or practicing deep breathing.

Dr. Takenoshita noted that about one-third of all U.S. births are C-sections. She advised that anyone planning a C-section should understand the link to more severe pain and a higher risk of sleep problems. She urged all new mothers with sleep issues to discuss their concerns with their doctor for advice or a referral to a specialist.

A major new report from the World Health Organization (WHO) has delivered bad news: one out of every six serious infections confirmed in labs worldwide last year could not be killed by the antibiotics meant to treat them.

Between 2018 and 2023, the problem of antibiotics failing (called resistance) got much worse. For many common types of germs, resistance went up by 5% to 15% every year. The growing inability of these essential medicines to work is a huge threat to people everywhere.

What is Antibiotic Resistance?

According to the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, antibiotic resistance happens when bacteria learn to withstand the medicines(antibiotics) that are supposed to kill them. It's like the bacteria have developed a suit of armor against the drug.

When this happens, doctors have to switch to different antibiotics. These backup medicines might not work as well or might cause more side effects. Sometimes, a bacteria can become resistant to all available drugs, which leaves the patient with a dangerous infection that doctors have no way to treat. The alarmingly is that these tough, drug-resistant bacteria can spread from one person to another, both in hospitals and at home.

What Antibiotics Are People Becoming Resistant To?

The WHO's latest report is the most detailed look yet at this issue. It reports on how much resistance exists across 22 different antibiotics—the common drugs used to treat everyday illnesses. The report focused on eight common types of bacteria that cause things like:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Stomach and intestinal infections
• Dangerous blood infections
• The sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea

These germs include well-known ones like E. coli and the bacteria that cause staph infections.

Where Is Antibiotic Resistance A Big Problem?

The risk of antibiotics failing is not the same worldwide. It's highest in Southeast Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean, where one in three reported infections were resistant. In the African region, it was one in five. Resistance is also more common and getting worse in places that don't have good hospitals or labs to quickly find out what type of bacteria is causing an illness and what drug might work.

Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the head of the WHO, said that the rise of this resistance is "outpacing advances in modern medicine," putting families' health at risk. He urged everyone to use antibiotics carefully, and stressed the need for better tests, newer medicines, and stronger systems to prevent infections in the first place.

How Does Antibiotic Resistance Cause Us Problems?

The report warns that a type of bacteria known as Gram-negative bacteria is becoming the most dangerous threat globally. The countries least able to fight these infections are being hit the hardest.

• Two types, E. coli and K. pneumoniae, are the most common drug-resistant germs found in life-threatening blood infections. These infections can quickly lead to the body shutting down and death.
• Globally, the standard, first-choice antibiotic is failing against over 40% of E. coli and over 55% of K. pneumoniae.
• In Africa, resistance to this key antibiotic is now higher than 70%.

Even the last-resort, powerful antibiotics that doctors save for only the worst cases are starting to fail. These "last-resort" drugs are often very expensive and hard to find, especially in poorer countries, leaving doctors with no good options.

Can We Resolve This Issue?

On a positive note, more countries are starting to report data to the WHO's tracking system (called GLASS). The number has grown from 25 countries to 104 countries in the last seven years.

However, almost half of the world’s countries still didn't report data last year, and many that did still don't have good enough systems to track the problem accurately. Often, the countries that need help the most are the ones that can’t measure their own problem.

The WHO is urging all countries to work together to fight this by strengthening health systems and tracking resistance in people, animals, and the environment. The goal is for every country to report good-quality data on antibiotic resistance by 2030 so the world can clearly see the problem and decide how to fix it.

In light of growing concerns about harmful side effects linked to certain medicines, including the recent controversy over Coldrif syrup, authorities have now banned two more cough syrups after traces of diethylene glycol (DEG) were found. This chemical has already been linked to 22 deaths in the country.

While all fatalities so far have been connected to Coldrif, regulators in India, the world’s third-largest producer of medicines have advised people to avoid Respifresh TR and ReLife as well, since DEG contamination was detected in them during inspections. None of these products had been exported.

With cough syrups becoming a growing concern, we spoke with Dr. Umashankar Sharma, Medical In-charge (B.N.Y.S), Kailash Institute of Naturopathy, Ayurveda & Yoga, who shared safe alternatives and home remedies that parents can use to keep their children safe.

What Is The Coldrif Cough Syrup Row?

The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) has informed the World Health Organization (WHO) that three cough syrups, Coldrif, Respifresh TR, and ReLife have been recalled and their production has been stopped. According to reports by PTI, none of these medicines were exported from India.

The syrups were found to contain DEG, a chemical normally used in industrial processes, which can be extremely harmful if ingested, especially by children. The WHO highlighted the severity of the contamination: Coldrif was found to contain nearly 50% diethylene glycol, a toxic industrial antifreeze. The other two syrups contained the same chemical in smaller amounts.

Last week, the owner of Sresan Pharmaceutical was arrested, and local authorities have revoked the company’s manufacturing licence.

How Does Cough Syrup Become Deadly?

Some cough syrups are made using diethylene glycol (DEG) or ethylene glycol (EG). These chemicals are colourless, odourless, and sweet-tasting, which makes them seem harmless. They are also cheap, which tempts some manufacturers to use them instead of safer, more expensive sweeteners in children’s medicines.

However, DEG and EG are highly toxic, especially for kids. Even small amounts can cause severe problems, including breathing difficulties, kidney failure, long-term disability, or death. For this reason, their use in medicines is banned in many countries. In India, DEG is only allowed in medications at very low levels which is 0.1% or less.

Safe Alternatives For Cough Syrups In India

Coughs in children are often caused by viral infections, allergies, or environmental irritants such as dust or smoke. Many over-the-counter syrups are not recommended for young kids as they may have side effects and offer little relief.

Dr. Umashankar recommends several safe home remedies that can ease a child’s discomfort naturally. He says, “Warm liquids like soups, clear broths, or mild herbal teas, such as chamomile, help keep the throat moist and reduce irritation. Honey is a great natural option for children over one year; half to one teaspoon before bedtime can help calm night-time coughing.”

He also suggests using a cool-mist humidifier in the child’s room to add moisture to the air, which can loosen mucus and ease breathing. Saline nasal drops or a short steam session in a warm shower can also help relieve congestion.

Ensuring the child gets plenty of rest and stays hydrated with water or warm drinks is essential. Slightly elevating their head with an extra pillow at night can reduce coughing while they sleep..

These remedies are generally safe and effective. However, if the cough persists for more than two weeks, or if the child experiences high fever, wheezing, or difficulty breathing, it’s important to consult a doctor to rule out more serious conditions.