As we age, it's normal to experience occasional forgetfulness. However, significant memory lapses or cognitive decline could be signs of underlying issues, such as dementia. The clock-drawing test offers a straightforward and effective way to assess cognitive function. This simple task involves drawing a clock face with all 12 numbers and setting the hands to a specific time. By analyzing the drawing, healthcare professionals can identify potential cognitive impairments, such as difficulty with planning, organization, and problem-solving.

According to the National Library of Medicine The origins of this test is unknown. It's been widely used by doctors and researchers for decades to screen for dementia and other brain disorders. While it might seem like a recent invention, the CDT's history actually stretches back over a century. Originally used to diagnose language and spatial awareness problems, it later became a popular tool for assessing overall cognitive health. Today, it's a common screening test that can help identify potential cognitive decline early on.

How Does The Test Work?

According to Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, the first time this test was cited in a research journal belonging to MacDonald Critchley’s textbook, The Parietal Lobes (1953). Through the test you can not only tell cognitive impairment but also motor skills are involved in the physical act of drawing the clock and its hands. Memory plays a role in recalling the correct sequence of numbers and the time to set. Finally, concentration is required to focus on the task and avoid distractions.

How Do You Evaluate The Drawing?

A well-executed clock drawing, with all numbers correctly placed and hands set to the specified time, is generally indicative of normal cognitive function. Conversely, errors in the drawing, such as a distorted circle, missing or misplaced numbers, or incorrect hand placement, may suggest potential cognitive impairment. It's important to note that the clock-drawing test is not a definitive diagnostic tool. Rather, it serves as a screening tool to identify individuals who may benefit from further evaluation.

When to Seek Professional Help

If you or a loved one experiences significant difficulties with the clock-drawing test, it's advisable to consult with a healthcare professional. Early detection of cognitive decline can be crucial in initiating appropriate interventions and improving quality of life. A healthcare provider can conduct a comprehensive evaluation, including medical history, neurological examination, and cognitive tests, to determine the underlying cause of any cognitive changes.

Beyond the Clock Test

In addition to the clock-drawing test, a simple word association test can also provide valuable insights into cognitive function. This test involves asking the individual to name as many animals or fruits as they can within a specific time frame. A healthy individual typically lists 20-25 words, while those with cognitive impairment may struggle to reach 10-15. By combining these two tests, healthcare professionals can gain a more comprehensive understanding of an individual's cognitive abilities and identify potential areas of concern.

The 1-minute animal test is a good way to test a patient’s cognitive well-being. According to the National Library of Medicine. Detecting dementia early on is crucial for effective treatment. While the Revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R) is a common screening tool, it can be time-consuming. The 1-minute animal test (OMAT), on the other hand, is a quick and easy way to assess cognitive function.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the OMAT and HDS-R scores. By analyzing data from 122 diabetes patients, researchers sought to determine the best cutoff score for the OMAT to identify individuals who may benefit from further diagnostic testing using the HDS-R.

Most of us brush twice a day, some of us floss, and the enthusiastic few even use a mouthwash that burns like fire. But there’s one thing we’re all guilty of skipping, and that is tongue scraping. Skipping this tiny but mighty step could be the reason your oral hygiene isn’t quite hitting the mark. And it's not just about bad breath.

What is the white film on your tongue in the morning?

That whitish layer on your tongue when you wake up is not just sleep residue or leftover toothpaste. It's a delightful mix of bacteria, dead cells, food debris and other gunk. Tongue scraping removes this film before it gets a chance to cause trouble.

This Is What Happens If You Don’t Scrape

1. Bad Breath

No matter how minty your toothpaste or fancy your mouthwash, if your tongue is coated in bacteria, you’re going to have bad breath. Halitosis is often caused by anaerobic bacteria that sit on the tongue and release foul-smelling sulphur compounds. A few scrapes each morning can keep that stink in check.

2. Taste Suffers

Ever feel like food doesn’t taste quite as good as it used to? It might be because your taste buds are trapped under layers of gunk. Scraping the tongue helps clear the surface, making your sense of taste sharper and more responsive.

3. Overall Health Affected

The mouth is connected to the rest of your body, and poor oral hygiene has been linked to a range of health issues, from heart disease to diabetes. The bacteria on your tongue can enter your bloodstream through micro-abrasions in your mouth, causing inflammation in other parts of your body.

It’s an Ancient Practice

While influencers are only now discovering the joys of tongue scraping, this practice has been around for centuries, particularly in Ayurveda, where it’s considered an essential part of morning cleansing rituals. Traditional medicine has long acknowledged the tongue as a mirror to internal health, and scraping is believed to help remove toxins and stimulate digestive enzymes.

The Right Way to Do It

• Use a proper tongue scraper. Not your toothbrush. Toothbrushes don’t clean the tongue effectively and can actually push debris further in.
• Scrape gently from back to front. You’ll probably gag the first few times, but start slow and go as far back as you can comfortably manage.
• Rinse and repeat. Twice if needed. Then rinse your mouth. Done in under 30 seconds.

Adding this simple step to your routine could mean fewer dental visits, fresher breath, and even better digestion.

We know. We know. Willingly dipping yourself into freezing water is not everyone's idea of a good time. In fact, it’s the stuff most nightmares are made of. But people are queuing up to do it. Whether it’s a tub full of ice cubes or a freezing lake at 6am, cold plunges are a thing. While you will be surprised to know the benefits, first know what exactly happens when you put your body through this temporary torture.

From giving your mood a caffeine-free lift to helping muscles relax, here's what makes cold plunging the icy wellness trend for your body and brain.

1. Boosts Your Mood

A few minutes in icy water can deliver a euphoric high. That’s because cold exposure triggers a rush of endorphins, your body’s natural feel-good chemicals. It also reduces cortisol, the stress hormone. Some studies even suggest that cold water immersion can help ease symptoms of depression and anxiety.

2. Recovers Muscles

Ever wonder why athletes dunk themselves in icy baths post-game? Cold plunges help reduce inflammation, speed up muscle recovery, and soothe soreness. When you expose your body to extreme cold, blood vessels constrict. Once you’re out and warming up, they dilate, increasing blood flow to tired muscles.

3. Improves Sleep

Taking a cold plunge can actually help you sleep better. Post-immersion, your body enters a state of deep relaxation once it warms back up. Your nervous system settles down, and your sleep hormones kick in more efficiently.

4. Boosts Immune System

Regular cold plunges may also give your immune system a little kick in the pants. The cold stimulates white blood cell production, which helps your body fight off illness. Some studies have found that people who practise cold water immersion regularly tend to get fewer colds and recover faster.

5. Makes Your Skin Glow

Cold water tightens your pores, reduces puffiness, and boosts circulation to your skin. It’s basically nature’s version of a toner. Plus, by reducing inflammation and flushing out toxins, your skin is left looking brighter, fresher, and decidedly more awake than you feel.

6. Teaches You to Breathe

Ever tried to breathe normally when your body is screaming from shock? Cold plunges force you to master your breath. That slow, deep breathing you’re encouraged to do during the first freezing minute? It’s not just to stop you from panicking. It actually helps train your nervous system to stay calm under pressure, build mental resilience, and reduce anxiety over time.

In a nutshell, cold plunging isn’t just a weird wellness trend. It’s a full-body and mind experience that comes with some genuinely impressive health benefits. Yes, it’s uncomfortable. Yes, you’ll want to scream. But after a while, you might just find yourself looking forward to it.

For a country that treats 23 degrees Celsius like it is the Sahara, the UK isn’t exactly built for this kind of heat. While most of us are busy Instagramming sunsets, our bodies might be quietly waving red flags. And that tiredness or weird headache is not just the heat; it could be your system slowly giving signs.

Here is what the heat could actually be doing to you and why you should not ignore it.

That Headache Is a Heat Alarm

You’ve drunk your water, you're not hungover, and yet your head’s pounding like you’ve been at a rock concert. Heat headaches are real, and they’re one of the first signs your body is overheating. So slam a glass of water, sit in front of a fan, and maybe ditch the hot coffee for something icy. It would help if you stuck your feet in a cold bucket like your gran used to do.

Sweat, Then No Sweat? That’s Trouble

At first, you’re drenched like you’ve run a marathon in your own kitchen. But then… nothing. You stop sweating. Your skin feels dry, hot and honestly a bit different. This switch can be dangerous. It’s a classic heatstroke sign. Do not ignore if you’ve been roasting all day and your skin is suddenly dry and flushed; that’s your cue to cool down fast. Think cold compress, wet towel, or even lying in a bath.

Muscles Twitching on Their Own?

Random leg twitches? Sudden tummy cramps while lying down doing absolutely nothing? That’s not just your body being weird; it’s heat cramps. They happen when you’re low on salt and hydration, and they can be surprisingly painful. DIY remedy: Bananas, electrolyte sachets, or if you’re fancy, coconut water.

Feeling Like You're About to Faint on the Road?

Heat dizziness is uncertain. One minute you’re grabbing grapes; the next you’re gripping the trolley like it’s your last hope. When it’s hot, your blood pressure can drop faster than your motivation on a Monday. If you suddenly feel woozy or like you’re in a bad dream, sit down before you fall down. Always carry a water bottle.

Can’t Think Straight? Not Just the Heat Making You Dull

If you’re suddenly mixing up names, forgetting simple words, or spacing out mid-text, that could be the heat messing with your brain. Mental fog, confusion, or even irritability are signs that your body is cooking from the inside. If someone is slurring, looking spaced out, or acting like they’ve had a few too many but haven’t, it could be heatstroke. Call for help.

Your Skin Feels Like a Radiator?

Hot, dry, and suspiciously flushed skin is not the summer glow you think it is. If your skin starts feeling like it belongs in an oven, it means your body’s not coping well with the heat. Especially if your pulse is racing and you feel weirdly calm. Get help. This is your body in SOS mode. Cool off immediately and don’t try to “push through it”.

Swollen Feet?

Heat can make your feet and ankles puff up like inflatable pool toys. It’s not you gaining sudden water weight; it’s literally your blood vessels acting up. So put your feet up, wear comfy shoes, and avoid salty snacks. That means no crisp binge while complaining about the weather.

Do Not Forget To:

• Hydrate well
• Draw the curtains always
• Sit in front of a fan for relief
• Avoid peak sun hours
• Don’t ignore what your body’s whispering