Varicose veins — swollen, twisted veins that often appear blue or purple — affect nearly a third of all adults. Though commonly seen as a cosmetic concern, they can cause discomfort and, in severe cases, lead to more serious health issues. Here's a breakdown of what causes them, how to manage symptoms at home, and when it's time to consider medical treatment.

What Causes Varicose Veins?

Varicose veins form when the valves in your veins stop working efficiently. These valves usually help blood return to the heart, but if they become weak or damaged, blood can pool in the veins, causing them to enlarge and twist.

They tend to become more common with age, weight gain, lack of exercise, and prolonged sitting or standing. Both men and women can develop them.

In some cases, varicose veins are harmless. But when they cause pain, swelling, or changes in the skin, they may require attention. According to The Washington Post, if left untreated, severe cases can lead to complications such as ulcers or blood clots in deeper veins.

At-Home Relief for Mild Varicose Veins

If your symptoms are mild, certain lifestyle changes and habits can help improve blood flow and reduce discomfort.

Elevate Your Legs

Raising your legs above heart level for 30 minutes, three to four times a day, can improve circulation and reduce swelling. Prop them up using pillows or rest them against a wall.

Get Moving

Regular aerobic activity enhances blood flow, particularly walking, which activates the calf muscles — essential for pushing blood upward from the legs. Swimming is another effective option because your legs remain at heart level. Simple movements like pointing your toes or standing on tiptoe can also support circulation throughout the day.

Wear Compression Socks or Stockings

These garments gently squeeze your legs to help blood flow more efficiently. Available over-the-counter at pharmacies and online, they come in various lengths. The Washington Post notes that knee-high versions are sufficient for most people.

When to See a Doctor?

If home remedies don’t ease the pain or if you notice symptoms like significant swelling, skin discoloration, or open sores, it's best to consult a vascular surgeon. These specialists can assess how well the valves in your veins are working and may prescribe custom compression stockings or recommend other treatments.

In more advanced cases, your doctor might suggest a compression pump — a sleeve that fits over your lower legs and applies controlled pressure — or prescription compression bandages to manage ulcers.

Medical Procedures for Severe Cases

If symptoms persist despite conservative care, or if the skin is damaged, medical procedures like vein ablation may be necessary. This minimally invasive treatment uses lasers, radio-frequency energy, or mechanical devices to close off faulty veins and redirect blood flow through healthier ones. Often done under local anesthesia in outpatient settings, vein ablation is typically covered by insurance if it's for medical reasons.

According to The Washington Post, this treatment alone resolves symptoms for about half of patients. However, it won’t make the veins disappear. For cosmetic removal, procedures like sclerotherapy — where a solution is injected into the vein to break it down — are available, though they’re generally not covered by insurance.

While varicose veins can be uncomfortable and unsightly, many people manage them effectively with simple lifestyle changes. But if the condition worsens or affects your quality of life, don't hesitate to consult a specialist for long-term relief.

One of the hardest things many people go through is losing their memories. Slowly forgetting your loved ones, the memories that you formed with them, essentially losing a huge part of yourself and this disease is sadly not an uncommon one. Dementia affects millions of people thought the globe. The World Health Organization said 57 million people all over the world had dementia in 2021, with nearly 10 million new cases every year.

One of the most unfortunate parts of this disease is that the causes of it are now well known, new studies are done regularly to find out things that affect dementia, early signs and cures as well. However, till date, the best way to tackle this disease is by catching its early signs and slowing down the disease.

Spotting the first signs of dementia can be tough, but a quick 60-second test might reveal if you have mild cognitive impairment, which can sometimes lead to the condition. This tests is explained in a 2007 article published the journal Psychiatry. This simple test involves naming as many items as you can within a chosen category.

Category Naming" Test

This easy test simply asks you to pick a common category, for example, animals, and then try to name as many different objects or types of animals that fit into that group as quickly as you can. A study from 2007 suggested that if you can name over 21 things, you are probably fine. However, if you struggle to name 15 or more, it could mean you have cognitive impairment, which significantly increases your risk of Alzheimer's disease—potentially by 20 times.

"Letter Word" Test

Another useful variation of this quick mental check involves asking you to say as many words as you can that begin with a specific letter, such as "F," all within a strict one-minute timeframe. Combining the results from this "letter word" test with the "category naming" test can provide valuable hints about the specific type of memory or thinking problem someone might be experiencing. For instance, if you find it noticeably harder to list words starting with "F" compared to naming items in a group, it could point towards vascular dementia.

Mini-Cog Test

Researchers have also described a third helpful assessment called the Mini-Cog test. This test involves two simple steps: first, you're asked to remember three unrelated words, and then you draw a clock face. After drawing the clock, you are asked to recall the three words. If you can easily remember all the words, it generally suggests your memory is good and you likely don't have dementia. If you only remember one or two words, the accuracy of your clock drawing then becomes a crucial factor in the assessment.

Why Early Detection Matters

It's estimated that around one million people in the UK are currently living with dementia, but a significant portion, about one-third, haven't been officially diagnosed. Identifying the underlying diseases that cause dementia at an early stage is incredibly important. Early diagnosis allows individuals to access vital treatments and support services sooner, which can help manage symptoms, improve their quality of life, and allow them to plan for the future more effectively.

For decades, gut health was treated as a special issue but as research keeps revealing the central role that the gut microbiome plays in everything from immunity to mood, the world is now taking notice. Some of the same habits that individuals form under the banner of health and wellness may be quietly sabotaging the microbial ecosystem inside, an ecosystem so important that researchers now call it a "second brain."

From sugar-free treats to fad diets, numerous "clean living" habits might be doing more harm than good. Let's understand the overlooked risks hidden behind these healthy-looking habits and see how you can help your gut thrive for years to come.

Ultra-Processed "Health" Foods

That protein bar you stash in your gym bag? That low-calorie snack you munch between Zoom meetings? Although they might look like good decisions, many ultra-processed foods have a health halo that's partially illusory. Foods with "diet-friendly" or "low-fat" labels tend to use emulsifiers, artificial sweeteners, preservatives, and other additives for shelf life extension or flavor enhancement — but these substances wreak havoc on the gut microbiome.

Scientific research has demonstrated that widespread additives such as polysorbate 80 and carboxymethylcellulose — often contained in processed snacks — will change microbial makeup and enhance intestinal permeability, otherwise known as "leaky gut." Such a condition will potentially lead to increased vulnerability for inflammatory disease, metabolic illness, and even mood instability.

Antibiotics are certainly life-saving when prescribed rightly. But the excess usage and misuse of these drugs have resulted in extensive collateral damage. Antibiotics aren't finicky they decimate good gut bacteria along with bad germs, rendering your microbiome weak and depleted.

Frequent use of antibiotics, particularly for viral infections (which antibiotics are ineffective for), is linked with long-term microbial imbalance. This can lead the way to gastrointestinal ailments, compromised immunity, and repeated infections.

Rather than resorting to antibiotics, try a "watch and wait" for low-level infections. Ask your doctor whether medication is really needed, and if prescribed, take the antibiotic course together with probiotics — before, during, and after treatment — to restore healthy bacteria.

Why Restrictive Dieting Might Be To Blame?

In the keto, paleo, Whole30, and elimination diets age, "clean eating" has come to equate with eliminating entire food groups. Though a temporary restriction here or there may aid in the determination of food sensitivities, extended elimination of a varied group of plant foods will deprive the microbiome of the fiber and polyphenols necessary for health.

Microbial diversity is a keystone of good gut health. A study from the American Gut Project reveals that individuals eating 30+ diverse plant foods per week possess more resilient and diverse microbiomes compared to those eating restrictive diets. Diversity isn't simply eating more fruits and vegetables — it's also adding legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and fermented foods.

Why Artificial Sweeteners Are Not So Sweet for Your Gut?

Sugar substitutes can be helpful for keeping calories in check, but some research has concluded that non-nutritive sweeteners sucralose and aspartame can upset the balance and function of gut bacteria. Such alterations impair glucose tolerance, disrupt insulin sensitivity, and ironically lead to weight gain — the exact opposite of what many are trying to prevent by using these products.

Alternatives are best in the form of small quantities of natural sweeteners such as raw honey or maple syrup or less invasive alternatives like monk fruit extract. Even better, habituate your taste buds to love the natural sweetness within whole foods, bypassing the need for added sugars altogether.

Are Cooking Oils A Hidden Gut Barrier Threat?

We’re often told to avoid saturated fats in favor of vegetable oils like corn, canola, and soybean oil — but this advice might come with unintended consequences. These oils, often refined and rich in omega-6 fatty acids, have been associated with increased inflammation, particularly when consumed in excess.

Inflammation damages the gut lining and disrupts barrier function, which in turn leads to various chronic conditions. On the other hand, unprocessed oils like extra virgin olive oil, avocado oil, and ghee have bioactive molecules that maintain gut integrity and have anti-inflammatory action.

How to Rebuild a Healthier Gut?

If you’re realizing your well-intentioned habits may have damaged your microbiome, don’t despair. The gut is remarkably resilient — given the right environment, it can bounce back.

Begin by boosting the amount of fiber-dense, plant-based foods in your diet. Add fermented foods such as yogurt, kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut, and miso, which bring in beneficial probiotics. Cut back on artificial sweeteners, processed foods, and inflammatory oils. Supplement your gut lining with L-glutamine, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids.

Lastly, take care of stress, exercise your body often, and sleep well. These lifestyle factors also affect your gut reminding us that health is never solely about what we consume.

Healthy trends are tantalizing, they deliver quick gains and easy fixes in a world that is getting more complicated by the minute but when it comes to the gut, shortcuts only end in reverse. A really healthy gut takes more than supplements and low-calorie marks — it thrives on balance, diversity, and consistency.

What's it like to live with ADHD or dyslexia or know how a neurodivergent friend actually feels in their mind-not just the textbook definitions, but the day-to-day emotional rollercoaster? In Chris Packham’s groundbreaking new documentary, Inside Our ADHD Minds, we’re invited into the lives of Henry and Jo, two individuals navigating the invisible yet overwhelming terrain of neurodivergence.

Henry, a vibrant tour guide in Soho, speaks with honesty about forgetting to eat, losing track of time, and the deep fear that even those closest to him don’t truly understand who he is. Then there’s Jo, whose story hits a different chord. After 14 career changes and years of being labeled “too much,” it took her daughter’s comment to spark the realization that ADHD might have been part of her life story all along.

What follows in the documentary is not just awareness it’s a revelation. With stunning personal films, expert insights, and Chris Packham’s own neurodivergent lens guiding the way, Inside Our ADHD Minds dismantles stereotypes and replaces them with empathy, clarity, and humanity. This isn’t just about attention or hyperactivity it’s about identity, grief, resilience, and the need to be truly seen.

the two-part documentary series offers an emotionally intelligent and deeply personal exploration into the minds of individuals living with ADHD and dyslexia. It’s a follow-up to Packham’s earlier acclaimed project, Inside Our Autistic Minds, and again leans into empathy, science, and storytelling to deepen public understanding of neurodivergence.

As rates of ADHD and dyslexia diagnoses rise globally, especially among women and adults, Packham’s series couldn’t be more timely. But unlike dry medical overviews, this is narrative-driven, first-person neurodivergence—seen through the eyes of those who live it. From chaotic inner worlds to coping mechanisms that go unnoticed, here are the seven most compelling takeaways from Inside Our ADHD Minds—and what they reveal about the realities of neurodiverse thinking.

1. ADHD Isn’t an Attention Deficit- It’s Attention Dysregulation

One of the first myths the documentary busts is right there in the name: “attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.” As Packham candidly explains while walking through the woods—a signature format in the series—ADHD is not about lacking attention. It's about struggling to control and regulate it. One expert likens it to having six televisions on in your brain, all blaring at once, with no remote control.

This reframing is important. People with ADHD don’t lack focus—they often focus too much, too intensely, or on the “wrong” thing from a neurotypical perspective. Recognizing this nuance allows for more compassionate, functional approaches to support and treatment.

2. Gender Disparities in Diagnosis Persist

A vital theme running through the series is the gendered nature of neurodivergence diagnosis. While ADHD has historically been associated with hyperactive boys in classrooms, Packham interviews experts who explain how girls—like Jo, one of the documentary’s protagonists—often display symptoms differently. They may internalize their restlessness, mask their distress, or be mislabeled as emotional, disorganized, or lazy.

This misrecognition delays diagnosis, sometimes for decades. Jo wasn’t diagnosed until adulthood, after navigating 14 careers and hitting emotional and professional burnout. Her journey reflects a broader issue: ADHD and dyslexia in women are under-diagnosed, under-researched, and misunderstood—something healthcare systems globally must address.

3. Expressive Storytelling Can Be Transformative

Perhaps the most powerful element of the documentary is the way it allows neurodivergent individuals to represent themselves. Both Jo and Henry, the two central figures with ADHD, are given the opportunity to make short films to express what their minds feel like from the inside.

Henry’s film is a chaotic collage of missed alarms, cluttered thoughts, and forgotten meals—offering his family a visceral insight into why even small daily tasks can feel overwhelming. Jo’s story is more emotional, showing the grief she carries for the person she might have become if she had been diagnosed earlier.

These segments remind us that self-expression and creative agency are critical tools for mental health and healing. They can bridge the chasm between external behavior and internal reality in ways clinical language cannot.

4. Dyslexia Is More Than Letter Confusion

In the second episode, Packham shifts the lens to dyslexia—a learning difference that affects up to 10% of the population. While commonly associated with reading difficulties, the documentary underscores the broader cognitive landscape of dyslexia: challenges with time management, memory, verbal expression, and navigation.

One striking insight comes from the lived experience of Packham’s stepdaughter, Megan McCubbin, who was told by a teacher that she would never succeed in science due to her dyslexia. Today, she holds a degree in zoology. Her story is a testament to the fact that neurodivergence often coexists with creativity, adaptability, and resilience—not deficiency.

5. Living with Neurodivergence Means Managing Constant Fatigue

A subtle but crucial theme throughout the series is the sheer exhaustion of navigating a world not built for you. Dyslexic individuals often expend extraordinary energy simply trying to remember appointments, organize their day, or communicate clearly. ADHD minds, bombarded by sensory input and interrupted thoughts, can find even simple decisions emotionally taxing.

This cognitive labor takes a toll. Many neurodivergent individuals live with chronic fatigue, which further exacerbates symptoms and can lead to a cycle of self-blame and burnout.

6. Medication Isn’t One-Size-Fits-All

Both Jo and Henry try medication as part of their ADHD management—but with mixed results. Henry, diagnosed during his school years, disliked how the medication made him feel. Jo, however, found relief. This mirrors real-world experiences: medication can be life-changing for some, while others prefer alternative or supplemental strategies like cognitive behavioral therapy, coaching, and lifestyle modifications.

The documentary handles this with grace—there’s no agenda or judgment, only individual stories and honest reflection. It’s a reminder that treatment for neurodivergent conditions must be personalized and patient-centered.

7. Neurodivergent People Need Understanding—Not “Fixing”

Ultimately, Inside Our ADHD Minds is about asking for understanding, not solutions. Henry isn’t asking his parents to change him. Jo isn’t looking for retroactive pity. What both seem to want is acknowledgment: “This is how I operate, and I’m okay.”

This message lands at a time when the neurodiversity movement is gaining traction globally—from classrooms in the U.S. to boardrooms in Europe and universities in Asia. Creating truly inclusive societies means moving beyond awareness to acceptance and adaptation.

As Chris Packham himself notes, “By better understanding neurodivergent people’s lived experiences, we can help remove barriers to their success.”

And that’s the real takeaway here: empathy, not diagnosis, is the first step toward meaningful support.