The United States is facing its worst measles outbreak in 25 years, with more than 1,270 confirmed cases reported so far this year—surpassing the previous high of 1,274 cases in 2019. The data, compiled by Johns Hopkins University, has raised alarms among health officials, who believe the actual number of infections may be even higher due to underreporting.Tragically, three people have died from the virus this year—two children in Texas and one adult in New Mexico. All of them were unvaccinated.“This move will further fuel the spread of vaccine-preventable illnesses,” said Dr. Bruce A. Scott, president of the American Medical Association, referencing ongoing declines in vaccination rates and policy shifts that threaten public health.From Elimination to OutbreakMeasles is one of the most contagious diseases known and was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000, thanks to the widespread use of the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine. However, current outbreaks suggest a reversal of that progress.The largest outbreak this year began in January in Gaines County, West Texas—a region with one of the lowest vaccination rates in the state. So far, that outbreak alone has led to over 750 confirmed cases and has spread to neighboring areas in New Mexico and Oklahoma, with possible links to Kansas.Shockingly, nearly one in four kindergartners in Gaines County did not receive their required MMR vaccine during the 2024–25 school year.Spread Through Travel and Everyday ContactMeasles spreads easily through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The virus can also live on surfaces like doorknobs for several hours, making it especially hard to contain.Air travel has further complicated containment efforts. In Colorado, an out-of-state visitor unknowingly spread the virus while contagious, leading to multiple cases—including individuals who were only at the airport at the same time.According to the CDC, nearly 1 in 8 people infected this year required hospitalization, and about 30% of all cases have been in children under the age of five. Most of these children were unvaccinated.The Role of VaccinationThe MMR vaccine remains the most effective tool against measles. One dose offers 93% protection, while two doses provide 97% protection.In response to the crisis, some states have taken emergency steps to protect infants. Several have lowered the age for the first MMR shot from 12 months to 6 months. The results have been encouraging—early vaccination rates among 6-month-olds in Texas are now eight times higher than in 2019.New Mexico has also seen a significant rise in vaccination, and both states are working hard to protect their most vulnerable populations.Still, nationwide vaccination rates remain below targets. The U.S. aims for 95% of kindergartners to receive both doses of the MMR vaccine, but this benchmark has been missed for the past four years. In the 2023–24 school year alone, over 125,000 kindergartners lacked at least one required vaccine.A Shifting Public Health LandscapePublic health experts are concerned that growing distrust in vaccines and leadership changes at the federal level may further undermine efforts to control the disease.As of now, the CDC does not have a permanent director in place, and U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr.—a long-time vaccine skeptic—has made controversial decisions. Though he recently expressed support for vaccines, his previous statements and the removal of key expert panels have left public health officials worried.If outbreaks linked to the Texas region continue into 2026, the U.S. risks losing its measles elimination status. Experts say rebuilding public trust in vaccines and boosting routine childhood immunizations must become a national priority—before the disease becomes even harder to contain.