When most people think about weight and health risks, the waistline is the focus. Doctors and researchers often measure body mass index (BMI) or waist-to-hip ratios to estimate whether someone is at risk of conditions like heart disease or diabetes. However, growing body of research indicates a different, often neglected measurement- neck size.

It might come as a shock, but neck size could provide an important insight into your risk for severe health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and sleep disturbances. And the part that might raise an eyebrow: even individuals with a healthy BMI are not in the clear. A thicker neck can be dangerous even in those who otherwise appear to be fit and healthy.

Neck size has nothing to do with appearance or clothing fit. Neck size is a reflection of fat distribution in the upper body. Upper-body fat is metabolically active; it releases fatty acids, hormones, and inflammatory factors into the blood more easily than fat elsewhere on the body, such as the hips and thighs.

When such substances overwhelm the system, they upset cholesterol equilibrium, increase insulin resistance, clog blood vessels, and ignite long-term inflammation. Eventually, that chain reaction elevates the risk for several conditions, ranging from cardiovascular disease to type 2 diabetes.

In a sense, neck size serves as a proxy for visceral fat—the unhealthy type that encircles inner organs and speeds up cellular aging.

What Is The Link Between Neck Size And Diseases?

Clinical evidence highlights just how potent this relationship is. Studies reveal that individuals who have thicker necks have a higher chance of developing:

Cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, atrial fibrillation (irregular heart rhythm), and even heart failure. Atrial fibrillation is especially worrying as it raises the risk of stroke and may ultimately lead to heart failure.

Coronary heart disease, where constricted arteries decrease the supply of oxygen-containing blood to the heart.

Type 2 and gestational diabetes, both associated with insulin resistance caused by upper-body fat.

Obstructive sleep apnea, a sleep disorder in which the airway repeatedly collapses, cutting off breathing. This disorder not only induces fatigue but also stresses the cardiovascular system.

The connection is so strong that more and more physicians now add neck size to sleep apnea assessments.

A 2022 study went further, linking a bigger neck to an elevated risk of erectile dysfunction in men, continuing to add another layer to the unseen risks of too much upper-body fat.

What Qualifies as a Risky and Dangerous Neck Size?

Scientists have found thresholds where risks become much higher:

• For men, a 17-inch (43 cm) or larger neck circumference.
• For women, 14 inches (35.5 cm) or larger.

What's surprising is that such risks continue even among individuals with normal BMI or healthy weight. And for each extra centimeter above these thresholds, research indicates increasing hospitalizations and deaths.

This implies you may be "healthy" on paper in terms of BMI, yet your neck circumference may tell a different tale.

Sleep, Stress, and Metabolic Strain

The implications of a thick neck go beyond the development of chronic disease. Obstructive sleep apnea is a perfect case in point. Individuals with larger necks have a higher risk of airway collapse when they sleep, resulting in broken sleep, dips in oxygen, and extreme exhaustion during the day. This then increases risks for accidents, cardiovascular stress, and poorer quality of life.

Aside from apnea, degraded quality sleep exacerbates metabolic control. If the body doesn't receive restorative sleep, blood sugar management, hormone function, and appetite take a hit—propelling the vicious cycle of weight gain and risk of disease.

Neck Size and the Obesity Epidemic

The significance of neck circumference is exacerbated by the trends in obesity in the modern world. In America, close to 2 out of every 5 adults and 1 out of every 5 children are obese, based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Scholars observe that though the risk factor is in neck circumference across populations, it is most specifically relevant for individuals already with a history of living with obesity.

This makes it a potentially potent agent for determining people most at risk, more than BMI or waistline alone can indicate.

Measuring your neck circumference can be done in less than one minute. With a tape measure, place it around the thinnest area of your neck so that it is snug but not constricting.

If the measurement is over the thresholds, it's not a reason for alarm, but it's a good idea to take it seriously. Neck circumference is just a piece of the health puzzle, but it can be an early warning sign—one you have control over.

What Can You Do To Reduce Neck Circumference?

Yes, your neck size can change. Targeted lifestyle changes can lower fat stored in the upper body, including the neck. Here's how:

• Cardiovascular activity such as walking, swimming, or cycling burns fat and lessens total adiposity.
• Strength training builds muscle and enhances a higher rate of metabolism, making it simpler to maintain fat off in the long run.
• Optimal sleep regulates hormones associated with appetite and fat storage.
• Well-balanced nutrition—prioritizing whole grains, vegetables, fruits, pulses, lean protein, and healthy fats—maintains metabolic health without surplus calories.

The secret is consistency. Regular healthy habits over time shrink visceral fat, which can then lower neck circumference and reduce the risk of associated health issues.

Medical professionals warn against substituting neck circumference for a complete medical evaluation, but it can be used as a simple, underutilized measurement to accompany BMI and waistline checks. For others, it could be the initial indicator that triggers further examination.

As COVID and viral infections cases rise in numbers, researchers are finding out how, following the bout of cases, the risk of heart diseases has also increased in people. To explore this connection, new research published today in the Journal of the American Heart Association reveals a strong link between both acute and chronic viral infections and an increased risk of serious cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes.

The lead author, Dr. Kosuke Kawai, noted that while we know viruses can cause cancer, their link to non-infectious diseases like heart disease hasn't been clear. This study confirms that acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) viral infections are connected to both immediate and lasting risks for heart and brain events.

How Do Short Infections Cause Harm To Heart?

When your body fights off a virus, your immune system releases chemicals that cause inflammation (swelling) and make your blood more likely to clot. Both of these problems can linger even after the virus is gone.

This ongoing inflammation and tendency to clot can damage the heart and blood vessels, which is likely why the risk of a heart attack or stroke spikes so dramatically right after an illness.

The research details what happens to your heart risk right after you get a respiratory infection. The study combined data from many high-quality reports and found a major, temporary jump in risk:

Influenza (Flu)

In the month immediately following a confirmed flu infection, people were 4 times more likely to have a heart attack and 5 times more likely to have a stroke compared to when they weren't sick.

COVID-19

After a COVID infection, the risk was also high. People were 3 times more likely to have a heart attack and 3 times more likely to have a stroke in the first 14 weeks. Worryingly, this risk stayed higher than normal for an entire year.

What Infections Cause Long-Term Heart Risk?

This part of the study focused on people who have had certain chronic (long-lasting) viral infections, tracking their health for an average of over five years to see if their risk remained high:

HIV Infection

People with HIV had a 60% higher risk of heart attack and a 45% higher risk of stroke.

Hepatitis C

This infection was linked to a 27% higher risk of heart attack and a 23% higher risk of stroke.

Shingles (Herpes Zoster)

Even this common virus was associated with a 12% higher risk of heart attack and an 18% higher risk of stroke.

Even though these percentage increases are smaller than the immediate post-flu/COVID jump, they are still very important because the risk lasts for years. Shingles, for example, affects about one in three people in their lifetime, meaning that this seemingly small increase in risk will lead to a large number of extra heart problems across the general population over time.

How Can We Prevent Risk Of Heart Attacks After Infections?

The study suggests a powerful way to fight these risks is by getting vaccinated. The findings strongly support the idea that increasing the number of people who get flu, COVID, and shingles shots could lower the overall rate of heart attacks and strokes in the community. As an example, previous research has shown that getting a flu shot can be linked to a 34% lower risk of major heart problems.

The American Heart Association recommends that everyone, especially those with existing heart conditions or heart risk factors, talk to their doctor about getting the right vaccines. Vaccination is a simple step that offers crucial protection to people whose hearts are already vulnerable.

It’s important to remember that this study was based on looking at people's health records (observational studies), not on controlled experiments. The main focus was on single viruses. Researchers noted that we still need more studies to fully understand how some other viruses, like dengue and HPV, might be linked to heart disease.

Is India getting drunk? While rest of the world is cutting its alcohol consumption, India's shows some contradicting results. As per a London-based market analytics firm Euromonitor International, the country is projected to consume an additional 357 million litres between 2024 and 2029. This is the biggest increase anywhere in the world.

the report titled World Market for Alcoholic Drinks 2025 notes that the there is a stagnating overall in alcohol consumption, and the only high points are countries like India, Brazil, Mexico, and South Africa.

Why Are Indians Drinking So Much?

The reason is Zebra Stripping. What exactly is that? Zebra Stripping is the act of switching between alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks in the same social setting. The Print reported that people in India are moderating their alcohol consumption, rather than completely dismissing it. People, however, are avoiding binge drinking, and switching to zebra stripping.

Health is the main driving factor of this change. There is a generational divide among the Gen Z adults of legal drinking age. As 36% of them have never consumed alcohol. This is the case globally too. For instance, in the US, the National Institute of Drug Abuse shows that lifetime drinking, past month drinking, and past year drinking among young people have declined from year 2000. This means that the decline is most severely seen among the Gen Z, those who are born between 1997 to 2012.

Despite this drop in Gen Z drinkers, the report, aforementioned, shows the number of alcohol consumers will only increase.

How Can Alcohol Affect Your Body?

The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism notes that alcohol could lead to organ damage and immune dysregulation. Alcohol could cause cardiac arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke, acute respiratory disease, distress syndrome, pneumonia, oesophageal cancer, and oral cavity cancer.

Other impact that alcohol could cause on one's body are:

• Steatosis or fatty liver
• Steatohepatitis
• Fibrosis
• Cirrhosis
• Alcohol-associated hepatitis
• Liver Cancer
• Myopathy
• Muscle wastage
• Acute pancreatitis
• Chronic pancreatitis
• Gut leakiness
• Microbial dysbiosis
• Colorectal cancer
• Impaired fracture repair
• Reduce bone density

It can also increase the risk of liver, colon, breast, oral cavity and rectum cancer.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA, notes that around 178,000 deaths have happened in the US, annually, just by excessive alcohol use. CDC notes that while drinking levels at any point is not safe, moderate alcohol use is only up to two drinks or less in a day for men, and one drink or less in a day for women.

Apart from the diseases and chronic conditions, CDC notes that alcohol use could also lead to injuries through motor vehicle crashes, falls, drownings, and burns. It could also lead to violence, overdose, alcohol poisoning, sexual transmitted infections, miscarriage, stillbirth, or fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).

Manipulation, according to the American Psychological Association, is behavior designed to exploit, control or otherwise influence others to one’s advantage. Some people Some people do this with words; others through actions. In a new study, researchers found that there is another act that manipulators often use to their advantage.

We think of a hug or a hand on the arm as comforting and connecting. But a new study suggests that these simple actions can hide a darker intention. Research in the journal Current Psychology reveals that people who are manipulative and self-centered (narcissistic) often use touch to calculate how to influence or control their romantic partners.

Senior researcher Richard Mattson points out that in these relationships, you not only miss out on the good feelings that touch usually brings like lower stress and a boost of the "love hormone" oxytocin, but the touch is actively used to benefit the manipulative person, often hurting their partner in the process. This work connects how someone touches with who they are.

How Do Narcissists Manipulate With Touch?

Most studies look at the positive effects of touch, but this research focused on the opposite: when touch is used to harm or trick someone. The study centered on people who showed traits belonging to the "Dark Triad," which is a group of three linked, negative personality traits:

Narcissism: Being extremely self-focused, needing admiration, and lacking empathy for others.

Psychopathy: Having very little empathy (inability to understand others' feelings) and acting impulsively.

Machiavellianism: Being cunning and manipulative to reach personal goals, often deceiving others.

The researchers surveyed over 500 college students about their comfort with touch and how they used it in relationships. They found that people with high levels of these dark traits were significantly more likely to use touch as a tool to control, influence, or manipulate their romantic partner, proving it wasn't about affection but about power.

Does Gender Affect How Manipulators Act?

The study revealed some interesting gender-based difference in how these manipulative traits showed up:

Men with these darker traits tended to use touch in an effort to feel more connected to their partner. This was especially true if they already felt insecure or unstable in the relationship, using touch as a way to reinforce their bond or ease their own anxiety.

Women with "Dark Triad" traits often reported feeling uncomfortable when they were touched by others. However, they were still more likely than others to use touch themselves as a means of controlling or influencing their partner.

Experts summarized the core attitude of these personality types as "me first, you second." This self-serving belief is so strong that it affects even how they handle affection and physical closeness—an important part of any relationship.

Can Recognizing Signs Help Build Better Relations?

People with high "Dark Triad" traits often have romantic relationships that are short-lived, troubled, and complex.

The study's findings offer a path toward solutions. Since touch is a powerful, low-cost tool for providing support and promoting better health, Mattson suggests this information can help create new interventions. The goal is to "leverage touch" to teach people, especially those who avoid touch or use it to manipulate, how to use it in healthy, caring, and mutual ways. Instead of using touch for control or self-protection, they could learn to use it to truly connect and support someone else.