Why Your Dirty Pillowcase Could Be Damaging Your Skin And Hair More Than Pollution

Bacteria, fungi, and trapped oils transfer to your scalp and skin, causing acne, dandruff, hair breakage, and irritation. Regular washing and choosing the right fabrics can prevent these hidden beauty hazards.

You slip into bed, exhausted, and rest your head on a pillowcase that hasn’t seen a wash in a week. Or perhaps you grab a towel from the rack after a shower, unaware that it’s been sitting damp for days. It seems harmless, even routine—but what if these everyday fabrics were quietly sabotaging your skin and hair? While we obsess over serums, masks, and hair oils, the fabrics we touch daily may be undermining all our efforts.

The issue is subtle but significant. Fabrics like pillowcases and towels can become incubators for bacteria, fungi, dust mites, and trapped oils, sweat, and dead skin cells. Over time, this microbial buildup doesn’t just sit there—it actively transfers to your skin and scalp, setting the stage for a range of problems from breakouts to hair fall.

Dermatologist Dr. Gajanan Jadhao, a Hair Transplant Surgeon and Anesthesiologist, explains, “Dirty pillowcases and towels may seem harmless, but they can silently wreak havoc on your skin and hair health. When not washed regularly, they become breeding grounds for bacteria, fungi, and dust mites, which easily transfer onto your scalp and skin. This can lead to clogged pores, acne breakouts, fungal infections, dandruff, itchy scalp, and even increased hair fall. The natural oils, sweat, and dead skin cells trapped in these fabrics further worsen the problem, weakening hair follicles and irritating the skin.”

He emphasizes that this is not a minor concern. “Since we spend hours sleeping on pillows and use towels daily, poor hygiene can continuously expose us to these harmful microorganisms. Maintaining clean pillowcases and towels by washing them regularly with hot water and drying them properly is a simple yet powerful habit to protect your scalp, hair, and skin health—keeping them fresh, infection-free, and glowing.”

How Often Should Pillowcases and Towels Should Be Cleaned?

“Pillowcases and towels should be washed at least twice a week to prevent hidden skin and scalp problems. Always wash them with a mild detergent and ensure they are completely dried in sunlight or a hot dryer, as damp fabrics encourage microbial growth. Regular cleaning not only maintains hygiene but also helps protect your skin’s glow and scalp health, keeping infections at bay,” according to Dr. Jadhao.

What Is The Link Between Dirty Fabrics, Acne And Hair Damage?

Many people underestimate how directly unwashed fabrics can affect skin and hair. Dr. Jadhao says, “Dirty fabrics like unwashed pillowcases, towels, or bedsheets can directly contribute to acne, dandruff, and even hair breakage. When you come in contact with dirty fabrics, the trapped dirt and microbes transfer to your skin and scalp, clogging the sebaceous glands and leading to pimples, acne flare-ups, and scalp irritation. On the scalp, this buildup can weaken hair follicles, causing dandruff, itching, and hair breakage. Maintaining clean fabrics is essential to keep your skin clear and hair healthy.”

Choosing the Right Pillowcase Fabric

Not all fabrics affect skin and hair equally. “Cotton pillowcases are breathable but tend to absorb too much moisture, stripping natural oils from the skin and hair, which can lead to dryness and frizz. Silk pillowcases, on the other hand, are smooth and reduce friction, helping to prevent wrinkles, tangles, and hair breakage, though they don’t absorb much sweat or oil. Microfiber pillowcases offer superior absorption, making them effective at wicking away moisture, but frequent use may over-dry the skin and scalp if not balanced with proper care. Choosing the right fabric depends on individual skin and hair needs,” Dr. Jadhao explains.

Early Warning Signs

You don’t have to wait for full-blown breakouts or dandruff to realize your fabrics are a problem. Dr. Jadhao notes, “Dirty or poorly maintained fabrics can cause dryness, frizziness, and increased hair tangling due to constant friction and moisture absorption. On the skin, you may notice itchiness, mild redness, or small bumps that later develop into boils or acne. A persistently oily or greasy feeling on the face and scalp after rest or drying with a towel is another clue. Recognizing these early symptoms allows you to take corrective action—like washing fabrics more often—before serious problems develop.”

Ultimately, while elaborate beauty routines have their place, Dr. Jadhao shares that some of the most effective measures for skin and hair health start in the laundry room. With consistent care, the fabrics we touch daily can support, rather than sabotage, our efforts to stay healthy, glowing, and confident.

Dr. Gajanan Jadhao, is a Hair Transplant Surgeon, Dermatologist, and Anesthesiologist- Founder and Director of La Densitae Hair Transplant Clinic in India

We know of the Japanese way of walking, and the Chinese way of losing weight by getting yourself enrolled in "Fat Prison", but did you know that there is a Korean Way of doing things. And no, this is not skincare. We are talking about the Korean way of brushing, using the 3-3-3 rule.

This method recommends brushing thrice a day, within three minutes of eating, and for at least three minutes of duration.

This is especially for when we eat sugary foods or snacks in between the meals. Korean cuisine uses a lot of spices, especially garlic. This is why, Koreans believe brushing their teeth is important so the smell does not linger.

In fact, many Koreans carry a toothbrush and toothpaste at work.

The Korean Way Of Brushing: A Study

A study conducted between 2012 and 2014 by the Division of Chronic Disease Surveillance, Cheongju, Korea, under the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare, Sejong, Korea, assessed the association between oral health and periodontal disease. The study used nationally representative data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES).

The study used a detailed, multi-stage survey method designed to fairly represent the non-institutionalized civilian population. Trained health workers visited participants in their homes and carried out standardized health examinations.

Initially, 23,626 people were considered for the KNHANES survey. The analysis focused on 18,382 adults aged 19 and above. After excluding participants with no data on periodontal health, the sample dropped to 15,754. The final analysis included 14,527 individuals with complete information. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and followed the ethical principles outlined in the Helsinki Declaration.

Researchers recorded when participants brushed their teeth—before or after breakfast, lunch, dinner, after snacks, or before bedtime—and whether they used additional oral care products such as dental floss, mouthwash, interdental brushes, electric toothbrushes, tongue cleaners, or denture-specific tools. Daily brushing frequency was calculated based on how many times teeth were brushed each day. Information on tooth pain, past orthodontic treatment, and dental checkups within the past year was also collected.

The findings showed that people who brushed after lunch and before bedtime had lower rates of periodontal disease, while brushing after dinner was linked to fewer severe cases. Using additional oral care tools, especially dental floss and powered toothbrushes, was also associated with better periodontal health.

In many countries, it is a norm to brush your teeth at least twice a day. However, in Korea, the 3-3-3 brushing technique is more than a norm.

Is Brushing Three Times A Day Too Much?

While brushing is a great habit, one may be worried if brushing too much can lead to enamel erosion. However, brushing three times a day may not be excessive, as the American Dental Association recommends brushing teeth after every meal as ideal for optimal oral health.

The reason is that bacteria and food particles can accumulate on our teeth within minutes of eating or drinking. If left uncleaned, this could also lead to plaque buildup and tooth decay. This could lead to cavities and other dental issues.

People troubled by increasing forgetfulness are being advised to have their vitamin levels checked, as a shortage of one essential nutrient can cause symptoms that closely resemble dementia. According to the NHS, a deficiency in a key vitamin may lead to neurological issues that affect the nervous system, including problems with memory.

As per Mirror, Dr Eric Berg, DC, has also drawn attention to what he calls the “leading vitamin deficiency that mimics dementia,” identifying vitamin B12 as a major concern. Adequate levels of this nutrient are vital because it helps form red blood cells that carry oxygen through the body, supports DNA production and regulation, and converts food into usable energy.

Dr Berg, well known for promoting healthy ketosis and intermittent fasting, is the author of the bestselling book The Healthy Keto Plan and runs Dr Berg Nutritionals. He has since moved away from clinical practice to focus on sharing health information through online platforms.

Why Is Vitamin B12 Important?

Vitamin B12 is essential for the healthy functioning of the central nervous system and plays a key role in maintaining clear thinking and memory. When levels drop, people may experience weakness, numbness, difficulty walking, nausea, unintended weight loss, irritability, extreme tiredness, and a fast or irregular heartbeat.

Bones, hair, skin, and nails may also suffer. Dr Berg explains: “Vitamin B12 is essential for normal brain function. Without it, symptoms similar to dementia can develop. This vitamin is mainly found in animal-based foods, although some microbes can produce it. Low intake of animal products is the most common reason for vitamin B12 deficiency.”

Research suggests that low B12 levels can impair nerve function and may contribute to conditions such as dementia, peripheral neuropathy, or subacute combined degeneration. A deficiency can also interfere with DNA synthesis and cause homocysteine levels to rise.

What Does The NHS Say?

On its official website, the NHS states: “Most cases of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency can be treated easily and effectively, so complications are uncommon. However, complications may sometimes occur, particularly if the deficiency has been present for a long time. If neurological problems develop, they can occasionally be permanent.”

The NHS explains that a lack of vitamin B12 may lead to neurological symptoms such as:

• vision problems
• memory loss
• pins and needles
• loss of physical coordination (ataxia), which can affect speech or walking
• damage to parts of the nervous system (peripheral neuropathy), especially in the legs

A study published in 2020 found a “clear association between low vitamin B12 levels and progressive cognitive impairment.” Researchers added that more large-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings and to see whether correcting the deficiency can slow cognitive decline.

More than one in ten older adults are estimated to have low vitamin B12 levels. In addition to memory problems, a deficiency may cause other neurological and psychological symptoms, including:

• confusion
• difficulty with thinking and reasoning
• tingling or numbness in the hands and feet
• poor balance and coordination
• fatigue
• weakness
• vision disturbances
• peripheral neuropathy affecting the nervous system
• depression, anxiety, paranoia, and delusions
• incontinence
• loss of taste and smell

Can A Vitamin B12 Deficiency Be Treated?

If a vitamin B12 deficiency is diagnosed, treatment usually involves high-dose supplementation, either through injections or oral supplements. GPs may arrange regular blood tests to monitor B12 levels over time.

As per The Mirror, the longer the deficiency goes untreated, the higher the risk of permanent damage. That said, it is often reversible, with many people noticing marked improvement within three to six months. Other signs of vitamin B12 deficiency may include:

• numbness, tingling, and pins and needles in the arms and legs
• pale skin
• unsteady walking or balance problems
• a rapid heartbeat
• shortness of breath
• a swollen tongue

“As we get older, HCL levels naturally decline. They can also drop if you take antacids or medications like Metformin. Interestingly, acid reflux can actually be a sign of low HCL, and antacids may worsen the problem. Betaine hydrochloride is one way to support normal stomach acidity.”

What Else Is Worth Being Aware Of?

Deficiencies in other nutrients may also cause symptoms that resemble dementia. Dr Berg highlights vitamin B1, which is often linked to high sugar and carbohydrate intake. Zinc deficiency, sometimes related to phytic acid found in grains, and low vitamin D levels due to limited sun exposure, may also play a role. “Nutrient deficiencies can shrink the hippocampus, which is linked to Alzheimer’s disease,” Dr Berg said.

The NHS has released fresh guidance on how to manage flu symptoms, setting out four simple steps that could help people recover faster. Influenza, commonly known as flu, is a highly contagious viral illness that affects the respiratory system, including the nose, throat, and lungs. It is marked by a sudden onset of fever, muscle aches, headaches, a persistent dry cough, and extreme tiredness, making it far more serious than the common cold.

Recent data from NHS England shows that in the first week of January, an average of 2,924 hospital beds across England were taken up by patients with flu. This figure reflects a nine per cent increase compared with the previous week.

With flu cases continuing to climb, the NHS has shared several important steps that people can follow to help support a quicker recovery.

NHS Shares Four Steps To Tackle Flu Symptoms 2026

In a recent update, NHS England warned that social gatherings during Christmas and New Year may have led to a resurgence of winter illnesses. NHS national medical director Professor Meghana Pandit said: “It is clear that the pressure on the NHS this winter is far from easing, with hospitals once again seeing a rise in patients admitted with flu and other respiratory viruses last week.

“The colder weather is also bringing more vulnerable patients to A&E with breathing difficulties, along with an increase in injuries caused by slips and falls in icy conditions, making this an exceptionally demanding period.”

According to the Mirror, she added: “Staff continue to work extremely hard, with teams across the country doing everything possible to ensure patients receive the care they need. It remains important for people to seek care as usual, and there are still many opportunities to get vaccinated and protect yourself against flu.”

Flu Symptoms 2026

The NHS says flu symptoms tend to appear suddenly and may include:

• A high temperature that comes on quickly
• Aches and pains throughout the body
• Feeling very tired or exhausted
• A dry, persistent cough
• A sore throat
• Headaches
• Trouble sleeping
• Loss of appetite
• Diarrhoea or stomach pain
• Feeling sick or being sick

Children may experience similar symptoms, but they can also have earaches and may appear more tired or less active than usual.

Flu Symptoms 2026: NHS Advice

The NHS states: “If you have flu, there are steps you can take to help yourself recover more quickly.”

• Rest and get plenty of sleep
• Keep yourself warm
• Use paracetamol or ibuprofen to reduce fever and ease aches and pains
• Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration, aiming for urine that is pale yellow or clear

Flu Symptoms 2026: When To Seek Help?

You should contact NHS 111 or arrange an urgent GP appointment if you or your child have flu symptoms and:

• You are concerned about your baby’s or child’s condition
• You are aged 65 or over
• You are pregnant
• You have a long-term health condition, such as diabetes or a problem affecting the heart, lungs, kidneys, brain, or nerves
• You have a weakened immune system, for example due to chemotherapy or HIV
• Your symptoms have not improved after seven days
• You develop sudden chest pain
• You have trouble breathing
• You begin coughing up large amounts of blood