Today, on World Heart Day 2025, understanding how a heart attack happens and the important symptoms has never been more important. Although not all discomfort indicates a cardiac issue, chest pain is one of the most frequent causes of hospitalisation. To differentiate heart-related problems from other causes, prompt and precise testing is more important than ever, according to Dr. Binay Kumar, Senior Consultant – Interventional Cardiology & Electrophysiology at Yatharth Hospitals.

Doctors use a mix of physical exams, quick tests, and advanced imaging to make decisions on your heart health. A thorough medical history and physical examination may provide preliminary indications regarding the probability of a cardiac event. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is usually done right away after this. The ECG records the heart's electrical activity, which can help recognise patterns that show a heart attack or poor blood flow.

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Blood tests for cardiac biomarkers, especially troponin, are also important for confirming damage to the heart muscle. Chest X-rays may be done to rule out other causes of pain and to check the size of the heart or any possible lung problems. Dr. Kumar said, "These initial tests are very important, but they have their limits, and sometimes more research is needed."

Why World Heart Day Is Celebrated On 29 September?

This particular date was chosen because it is close to the feast day of Saints Michael and Gabriel in some traditions. Over the years, it has become an important time to teach people, encourage screenings, and push for policies that lower the risk of heart disease around the world.

Which Tests Should Be Done for Chest Pain?

• Electrocardiogram (ECG): First-line test to detect irregular heart rhythms or evidence of a heart attack.
• Blood tests: Check for cardiac enzymes like troponin, which rise during a heart attack.
• 2D Echocardiography: Assesses the pumping function and overall structure of the heart.
• Treadmill stress test: Monitors how the heart responds under physical exertion.
• Angiography: A detailed imaging test to confirm blockages in coronary arteries, often used in high-risk cases.

Accuracy of ECG in Chest Pain

However, even in cases where abnormal readings are more specific for heart events, physicians still need to consider the patient's history, risk factors, and symptoms when decoding the results. Due to these limitations, if clinical suspicion is still high, ECGs are frequently repeated or combined with additional tests.

When to Move Beyond ECG

When the results of an ECG are unclear, echocardiograms, which are used for ultrasound to evaluate heart function are particularly helpful. Dr. Binay Kumar clarified, "These tests allow us to detect subtle issues that might otherwise go unnoticed," emphasising the value of combining multiple diagnostic tools for a more accurate assessment.

Advanced Tests for Identifying Heart Blockages

Dr. Binay told us, “A stepwise approach is essential. ECG and troponin tests serve as rapid triage tools, while advanced imaging should be reserved for patients whose risk or symptoms warrant more detailed evaluation. By following these strategies, hospitals can ensure timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and better outcomes for patients presenting with chest pain.”

He further recommends:

• Use ECG and blood troponin tests for initial triage.
• Escalate to stress testing or imaging for persistent or unexplained symptoms.
• Reserve coronary angiography for high-risk patients or confirmed abnormalities.
• Consider non-invasive imaging like CT angiography for intermediate-risk patients needing detailed assessment.

Delhi continues to wake up to thick haze on Wednesday morning, with 28 stations in 'poor' category, while nine stations remained under 'very poor'. Though there is a slight improvement as the average AQI stood at 269, in poor category. The Chief Minister of Delhi has enforced stricter measures like imposing fines up to Rs. 5,000 for open burning, and use of coal and firewood.

Delhi pollution has now affected people way beyond their respiratory health, it has now attacked almost all organs of their body, including fetus, reproductive health, liver, kidneys, and even chronic diseases like diabetes, obesity, blood pressure, and even mental health illness.

But could Delhi do more? Right now all the measures, including emergency measures like GRAP have not worked more than a dent. However, China seems to have reverse its pollution problem.

What Did China Do That Delhi Too Can Adopt?

In 2013, Beijing was battling with pollution problem. As per the data by the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2013, the annual means of PM2.5 levels reached 64.9 micrograms per cubic meter, whereas, in India, it was at 58.2. However, by 2019, China was able to bring it down to 38.15 micrograms per cubic meter while India remained at 50.17.

So, what did China do?

Since 2013, almost 80% of China has experienced air quality improvement. Beijing declared a war on pollution by shutting 3,000 coal boilers, which slashed coal use by 30%. It also forced factory to either close or comply with the guidelines. Clean energy also replaced soot and electric buses replaced diesel ones. The subway was expanded to 1,000 kilometers and by 2020, 40% of new cars were electric.

Chin's 11th Five Year Plan That Made Pollution A Priority

In the late 2000s, China began taking air pollution more seriously than ever. As per the UCLA Law professor Alex L Wang, China's 11th FYP (2006-10) made pollution a priority and used the "cadre evaluation system". This pushed officials to meet environmental targets. The system evaluates governors, mayors, and local leaders based on how well they perform compared to others in tackling pollution problem, which influences their promotions.

To cut pollution, China invested heavily in cleaner technology and shut down old, highly polluting factories such as power plants, smelters, and chemical units. The government also encouraged the shift to electric vehicles. Even though much of China’s electricity comes from coal, EVs still produce fewer emissions overall and create no tailpipe pollution in cities.

By 2017, Shenzhen became the first city in the world to fully electrify its 16,000 buses. Shanghai too followed its lead.

Studies by Tsinghua University and the Beijing Environmental Bureau showed that between 2013 and 2017, major improvements in air quality came from reducing coal boiler use, cleaner home heating, shutting down polluting industries, and controlling vehicle emissions.

The result was nothing less than remarkable. From 2013 to 2017, Beijing’s PM2.5 levels dropped by 35%, and life expectancy rose by 4.6 years.

As men step into their 50s and beyond, prostate health becomes an essential part of overall wellbeing. The gland naturally undergoes changes with age, many of which are not cancerous but can still cause discomfort, disrupt daily routines, and affect long-term health. Awareness, early screening, and preventive habits play a crucial role in staying ahead of potential problems.

Why the Prostate Changes With Age

One of the most common age-related concerns is benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate. This happens due to hormonal shifts that cause the gland to grow slowly over time.

“Most men assume urinary symptoms are just a normal part of aging, but that mindset often delays treatment,” says Dr. Vineet Malhotra, Director and Founder, VNA Hospital. “BPH itself is not dangerous, but if ignored, it can seriously affect quality of life and even lead to complications.”

A larger prostate can press against the urethra, causing symptoms such as:

• Frequent urination
• Weak or interrupted urine flow
• Difficulty starting to urinate
• A feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
• Waking up multiple times at night to urinate

These symptoms often creep up gradually, making them easy to dismiss until they start interfering with sleep, work, or general comfort.

The Importance of Screening for Prostate Cancer

While BPH is not cancer, men must remain vigilant about prostate cancer, especially because its risk rises with age.

“Prostate cancer in early stages is usually silent,” explains Dr. Malhotra. “That is exactly why screening becomes so important once men cross 50.”

Two common screening tools include:

• PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) test
• Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)

These tests help detect abnormalities long before symptoms appear. Early detection not only improves treatment outcomes but also prevents unnecessary anxiety or uncertainty.

Men should also stay alert for red-flag symptoms, including persistent pelvic pain, unexplained weight loss, blood in urine or semen, and sudden urinary changes.

Lifestyle Choices That Support Prostate Health

Beyond medical screening, everyday habits have a strong influence on prostate wellbeing.

Dr. Malhotra emphasizes the role of lifestyle:

“A balanced diet, regular exercise, and maintaining a healthy weight can significantly reduce inflammation and support better prostate function.”

Healthy habits that help include:

• A diet rich in antioxidants (tomatoes, berries, leafy greens)
• Omega-3 sources like fatty fish and walnuts
• Limiting alcohol and caffeine
• Staying well-hydrated
• Avoiding smoking
• Regular physical activity

These choices not only support the prostate but also improve urinary health and hormonal balance.

Since stress can worsen urinary symptoms, incorporating yoga, meditation, or deep-breathing practices also makes a noticeable difference.

Breaking the Silence Around Prostate Health

One of the biggest challenges is the reluctance many men feel when discussing urinary or sexual symptoms.

“Men often suffer quietly because these issues feel too personal,” says Dr. Malhotra. “But silence delays diagnosis and treatment. Open conversations can literally save lives.”

Families, caregivers, and partners can play a supportive role by encouraging early checkups and normalizing discussions around prostate health.

The Bottom Line: Proactive Care Matters

With rising life expectancy and a more active older population, prioritizing prostate health is no longer optional—it’s essential.

Early diagnosis, informed decision-making, and evidence-backed treatments give men the chance to maintain independence, comfort, and quality of life well into their later years.

As Dr. Malhotra puts it, “Prostate health is not just a medical concern—it’s a foundation for staying energetic, confident, and healthy as you age.”

Crossing 40 often brings subtle but noticeable changes in how your body feels and functions. Many people brush off early signs like morning stiffness, reduced flexibility, or frequent bathroom visits, not realizing these are part of natural age-related changes. These shifts primarily affect the bones, joints, and urinary system, areas that quietly define everyday comfort.

According to Dr. Aashish Chaudhry, Managing Director & Head, Orthopedics & Joint Replacement, Aakash Healthcare, these changes are expected but shouldn’t be ignored. “After 40, the body’s regenerative capacity slows down, particularly in bones and joints. Being aware of these changes helps in early prevention and better long-term outcomes,” he says.

Bone Health: Slower Regeneration and Higher Risk of Fractures

Bone density gradually declines with age due to hormonal changes. Women experience a drop in estrogen, and men see reduced testosterone levels—both crucial for supporting bone formation.

“Lower hormone levels weaken the natural bone-building cycle,” explains Dr. Chaudhry. “This increases the risk of fractures and even slows down healing when injuries occur.”

Key concerns include:

• Reduced bone density
• Higher risk of osteoporosis
• Slower fracture recovery

To counter this, weight-bearing exercises and strength training are crucial. A diet rich in calcium, vitamin D, and protein supports bone metabolism and maintains strength.

Joint Health: Wear, Tear, and Early Stiffness

Years of repetitive movements, combined with declining collagen production, make joints more vulnerable. Cartilage becomes less elastic, leading to stiffness, reduced mobility, and the early onset of osteoarthritis.

“Many people notice joint pain but assume it's just fatigue,” says Dr. Chaudhry. “In reality, early joint wear can be detected and managed much earlier with the right interventions.”

What contributes to joint discomfort after 40?

• Natural wear and tear
• Reduced cartilage elasticity
• Slower lubrication of joint spaces
• Early degenerative changes

Flexibility-focused exercises like yoga or stretching, along with anti-inflammatory foods such as leafy greens, berries, nuts, and omega-3 sources, can ease stiffness and protect long-term mobility.

Urinary Changes: More Common Than You Think

While both men and women experience changes in urinary patterns, men often notice symptoms more prominently due to prostate enlargement. A bigger prostate narrows the urinary passage, causing:

• Frequent urination
• Weak urinary stream
• Urgency or incomplete emptying
• Night-time urination

Women, on the other hand, may struggle with pelvic floor weakness, leading to leakage or urgency.

Dr. Chaudhry notes, “These symptoms are common after 40, but they shouldn’t be normalized. Early evaluation can prevent chronic discomfort.”

Hydration remains essential. Cutting back on caffeine, alcohol, and salty foods can also lighten urinary symptoms and prevent kidney irritation.

Lifestyle Adaptations That Make a Real Difference

Shifting from reactive to preventive care is key after 40. The goal isn’t to stop ageing—it's to age comfortably and confidently.

What helps:

• Strength and mobility exercises
• Pelvic floor training
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Regular health screenings (bone density, kidney tests, prostate evaluation)
• Stress management through yoga, meditation, or deep breathing
• Consistent sleep routines to support tissue repair

“Think of this stage as preparing your body for the next decades,” says Dr. Chaudhry. “With the right lifestyle adjustments, most people can maintain excellent mobility and function well into older age.”