A U.S. medical journal has issued a cautionary note about relying on artificial intelligence for health guidance after a 60-year-old man developed a rare medical condition following advice he reportedly sought from ChatGPT about eliminating table salt from his diet.

Case Reported in Leading Medical Journal

The case, published in the Annals of Internal Medicine by researchers from the University of Washington, describes how the man developed bromism, also known as bromide toxicity, after substituting sodium chloride (table salt) with sodium bromide.

Bromism was a recognized condition in the early 20th century and is believed to have accounted for nearly one in ten psychiatric admissions at the time.

The man told doctors he had read about the negative effects of sodium chloride and consulted ChatGPT for alternatives. He said the chatbot mentioned that chloride could be replaced with bromide, albeit “likely for other purposes, such as cleaning.” Despite this, he began taking sodium bromide regularly for three months.

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Sodium bromide, historically used as a sedative, has largely been abandoned in modern medicine due to safety concerns.

Unclear What Advice Was Originally Given

The researchers noted that they could not access the patient’s original ChatGPT conversation log, making it impossible to verify the exact wording or context of the advice. However, when the authors themselves asked ChatGPT about replacing chloride, the AI’s answer also mentioned bromide, provided no explicit health warning, and did not question the intent behind the inquiry.

“In our view, a medical professional would have sought clarification and avoided suggesting bromide for human consumption,” the authors wrote.

AI Risks in Medical Decision-Making

The authors warned that ChatGPT and other AI tools can produce scientifically inaccurate information, fail to critically evaluate potential risks, and unintentionally spread misinformation. They stressed that while AI may be useful in connecting scientific concepts with the public, it can also promote “decontextualized information” that could lead to preventable adverse health outcomes.

They recommended that medical professionals consider whether patients have been influenced by AI when assessing symptoms and history.

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Patient’s Hospitalization and Symptoms

According to the report, the man arrived at a hospital believing his neighbor was trying to poison him. He presented with multiple dietary restrictions and paranoia, refusing water offered by staff despite being extremely thirsty. Within 24 hours, he attempted to leave the hospital, prompting his involuntary admission for psychiatric care.

He was diagnosed with psychosis and treated accordingly. Once stable, he reported additional symptoms characteristic of bromism, including facial acne, persistent thirst, and insomnia.

OpenAI’s Response and Recent Updates

The case predates the recent launch of ChatGPT’s latest version, GPT-5. OpenAI claims the updated model is better equipped to answer health-related queries and proactively flag potential concerns, including serious physical or mental health risks.

The company maintains that ChatGPT is not a substitute for professional medical care, a stance reflected in its user guidelines.

However, the University of Washington authors argue that even with advancements, AI tools should never be relied upon as primary sources for medical decision-making.

The report underscores a growing concern within the medical community: as AI becomes more integrated into daily life, patients may increasingly turn to chatbots for health advice without consulting qualified professionals. Experts say this case is a stark reminder of the dangers of self-medicating based on unverified or misunderstood online information.

Whenever we have to think of a quick food, we think of breads. However, we are usually advised against it, but Dr Karan Rajan, NHS Surgeon has a different view to offer. He says that croissant, if made in the traditional way could actually be a gut-friendly food. “This is my legal argument to explain why croissants should be considered a gut health food. It has to be a traditional croissant because it is made using laminated yeast dough that undergoes slow fermentation. This process allows the yeast and lactic acid bacteria to partially break down some of the starches, making the final product easy to digest compared to under-fermented white bread,” he said.

What Is The Right Way To Have A Croissant?

He suggests that if you let a baked croissant cool down before eating, it helps turn the starch into resistant starch. This, also helps feed the bacteria in the colon. “A croissant eaten mindfully for breakfast allows the body to lessen its said,” he said.

So, Is Croissant Really Better Than Regular Bed?

Experts have suggested that when dough ferments, natural bacteria and yeast partially break down the starches and gluten. This also makes the final product easier to digest and gives it a unique flavor.

Whether or not the croissant is healthy really depends on the way it is made. If the croissant is fermented, it is gut-friendly, otherwise, it is not.

What Should People Keep In Mind?

People must go for fermented bread, as it is easier on the stomach. This is especially good for those who feel bloated after consuming regular bread. The fermented bread will also have a lower glycaemic effect, which means they cause a slower rise in blood sugar as compared to unfermented or regular bread. It is also important to note portion control, however, warn experts.

However, one must keep in mind that while most people can have fermented breads, it should be consumed in moderation.

Are There People Who Cannot Have This Gut-friendly Food?

People with celiac disease or serious gluten intolerance should stay away from them. This is because not always does fermentation remove all the gluten. However, fermented options could be better for those struggling with diabetes, however it should still be eaten in moderation.

What one must keep in mind is that fermented breads are smarter treats, but mot an everyday meal. For everyday meal, try to balance it with whole grains, millets, and high-fibre foods.

Dr Ulysses Wu, MD, with Hartford HealthCare also noted that sourdough, which is also a type of fermented bread could have potential health benefits.

“The long fermentation process partially breaks down gluten and phytic acid, a compound that could block mineral absorption. For many people, that makes sourdough easier on the stomach,” Dr. Wu notes.

The fermentation process, he says could lower glycemic index, which could help with blood sugar control. Furthermore, it is high in prebiotics, which can act like fuel for the healthy bacteria already in your gut.

However, he also notes that fermentation does not fully remove gluten, so it must be consumed in moderation.

One of the major point of conversations right now is longevity. People are learning day by day about what may affect their biological age and how, why and which way they can lower it. Many studies have pointed out that things like sugar, and some drinks may lower it, however, a new study shows that there may be some unexpected heroes among our daily drink consumption.

A study recently published in the British Journal of Nutrition showed something interesting: drinking about seven to eight cups of tea, coffee, and plain water every day might help you live longer.

Researchers looked at the drinking habits of over 182,000 people and found that hitting this total number of drinks, when balanced well, offered the best protection. It lowered the risk of dying from all kinds of serious problems, including cancer and heart disease. The main finding is that the mix of drinks is key—it's not good to overdo it, as too much might actually be bad for your heart.

How Do Tea, Coffee Or Water Help Your Health?

The research figured out the best possible way to combine these drinks to get the most health benefit:

Optimal Daily Total

The number one rule is to drink a total of seven to eight beverages every day. This total includes your water, coffee, and tea.

Coffee and Tea Ratio

Once you're hitting that daily goal, the best way to mix the coffee and tea is in a 2:3 ratio. This means for every two cups of coffee, you should have three cups of tea. This specific blend was found to be the most powerful for protecting you against dying from heart problems, cancer, and diseases of the lungs and stomach.

Hydration

The experts stress that the most important thing is to just stay hydrated first. Get your total number of drinks up to seven or eight. After you've done that, then you can start swapping some of your water for the healthier mix of coffee and tea.

How Much Tea Or Coffee Should You Drink?

The study also came with important warnings about drinking too much or too little of the mix:

If You Drink Very Little: If you currently have less than four total drinks a day, just adding a cup of coffee or tea won't help much. You need to focus on drinking more water first to reach the main goal of being fully hydrated.

If You Drink Too Much: If you are drinking nine or more cups of fluid a day, replacing water with more tea or coffee could actually raise your risk of dying from heart disease. More is not always better! Finally, the scientists noted two important things:

They can only say there's a link (an observation) between the drinks and living longer; they can't say for sure that the drinks are the direct cause of longer life. The study didn't know how people prepared their drinks—whether they added a lot of sugar or milk, which could affect the health benefits. The main takeaway is to focus on getting your overall daily fluid intake to seven to eight drinks and then use the beneficial mix of coffee and tea wisely.

Pregnancy is a unique and exciting journey, full of changes, decisions, and the constant desire to give your baby the best start in life. Nutrition becomes particularly important during this time, as what a mother eats can impact both her own health and the development of her baby. One ingredient that has been gaining popularity among expectant mothers is chia seeds.

Though tiny, these seeds are packed with nutrients and can be a versatile addition to a pregnancy diet. To understand their benefits, we spoke with Dr. Deepa, Senior Consultant at Yashoda Super Speciality Hospital Kaushambi, who shared how chia seeds can support maternal and fetal health.

Benefits of Chia Seeds for Pregnant Women

Chia seeds are simple to incorporate into daily meals as you can sprinkle them on oatmeal, mix them into yogurt, blend them into smoothies, or even add them to baked goods.

Their mild taste and texture make them easy to enjoy, which is one reason why many pregnant women are turning to these seeds. According to Dr. Deepa, there are several ways chia seeds can help during pregnancy:

Supports Digestion

Constipation and other digestive issues are common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes and slower digestion. Chia seeds are high in soluble fibre, which can help regulate bowel movements. When soaked in liquid, they expand into a gel-like texture that aids digestion and promotes a feeling of fullness. This not only helps prevent overeating but also supports healthy weight gain, which is important for both mother and baby.

Helps Maintain Blood Sugar Levels

Fluctuating blood sugar levels can be a concern for expectant mothers, sometimes leading to gestational diabetes. The fibre in chia seeds slows sugar absorption into the bloodstream, helping to maintain stable blood sugar and energy levels. By including chia seeds in meals, pregnant women may reduce the risk of sudden sugar spikes and maintain steadier energy throughout the day.

Aids Hydration

Hydration is essential during pregnancy, and chia seeds can play a supportive role. Dr. Deepa points out that chia seeds are versatile and can be added to a wide variety of dishes, from smoothies and salads to yogurt or baked recipes. When mixed with water or other liquids, they absorb moisture, helping to keep the body hydrated and supporting overall wellness.

Nutritional Power for Mother and Baby

Although small, chia seeds are a nutritional powerhouse. They are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, fibre, protein, calcium, and antioxidants. These nutrients support brain development in the fetus, improve digestion, help maintain healthy blood sugar levels, and contribute to overall maternal health.

Dr. Deepa recommends consuming chia seeds in moderation. Eating too many may cause digestive discomfort due to their high fibre content. A typical portion is about one to two tablespoons per day. She also emphasizes that pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider before making significant dietary changes, especially if they have pre-existing medical conditions.

Including chia seeds as part of a balanced, varied diet can help pregnant women feel nourished, support digestion and hydration, and provide essential nutrients for their growing baby. With their versatility and health benefits, chia seeds are a convenient and powerful addition to a pregnancy-friendly diet.