In America, a child cannot imagine growing up without having Skittles, it is the country's most iconic candy. In other news, it has been announced that it will no longer contain titanium dioxide, an ingredient that has faced criticism over potential health risks.

The parent company Mars has confirmed after the rising public scrutiny of food additives and its ban in the European Union. It has announced it phased out titanium dioxide from US Skittles products at the end of 2024.

However, the company did not mention if the reformulation affects Skittles that is being sold outside the US. As per the Mars spokesperson and reported by BBC, "All our products are safe to enjoy and meet the high standards and applicable regulations set by food safety authorities around the world.:

What Is Titanium Dioxide?

It is a white pigment which is used to make food appear brighter and more visually appealing. Most common of its used can be found in candies, baked goods, chewing gum, and cosmetics and paint.

As per a 2011 study published in Radiology and Oncology, titanium dioxide is considered as an inert and safe material and has been used in many applications for decades. However, notes the study, with the development of nanotechnologies, its nanoparticles with numerous novel and useful properties are increasingly manufactured and used. Thus, increased human and environmental exposure can be expected, which puts its nanoparticles under toxicological scrutiny.

The study also notes that based on experimental evidences from animal inhalation studies, nanoparticles are classified as "possible carcinogenic to humans" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and as occupational carcinogen by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

The Center for Science in the Public Interest, titanium dioxide can potentially accumulate in our bodies and is associated with health risks such as DNA damage and immune system toxicity.

The European Union has banned its use in foods due to such safety concerns.

A safety evaluation by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) found that evidence suggests that when humans ingest food-grade titanium dioxide, small particles of titanium dioxide can accumulate in human body over time and can cause genetic damage. This could also cause cancer and other health problems.

What Does The FDA Say?

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) say that titanium dioxide is safe to use in foods and personal care products, however, it provides strict guidelines on how much can be used in food. The limit is very small: no more than 1% of it can be used.

What All Contains Titanium Dioxide?

• Milk
• Coffee creamer
• Salad dressing
• Candy and sweets
• Chocolate
• Chewing gum
• Snacks
• Sauces
• Vitamin supplements

It is also found in sunscreen and other makeup products. The main use of titanium dioxide is as a barrier to keep the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays from damaging your skin. It is also processed into much smaller particles than what goes into your food. Thus, in this form, it becomes transparent and absorbs UV light so it does not reach your skin.

The lemon juice diet has become popular as a possible means of rapid weight loss. But is it effective, and what does science have to say? The lemon juice diet, also linked to the "Master Cleanse," consists of drinking a combination of lemon juice, water, maple syrup, and cayenne pepper for a few days, excluding solid foods. People who have tried it say that it cleanses the body and helps with rapid weight loss.

Studies show that these diets are effective in causing short-term weight loss mostly by restricting calories. For example, one study discovered that subjects on a seven-day lemon detox diet lost body fat and had better insulin resistance. Another study noted that subjects taking lemon water and honey while fasting for four days lost 4.8 pounds on average.

But, of course, it's important to mention that such effects are usually short-term. As soon as regular eating is resumed, the lost weight comes back. Furthermore, such diets often don't offer healthy or long-term solutions for losing weight.

How Does Lemon Juice Help Lose Weight?

So, how does the lemon juice diet contribute to weight loss, then? Everything depends on a few mechanisms. To begin with, there is the calorie deficit. By cutting out solid foods and continuing on a liquid diet, your calorie intake for the day reduces dramatically—this automatically causes your body to begin losing weight. And then there's the diuretic effect. Lemon juice is a natural diuretic, so your body sweats out excess water, leaving you with that lighter, less bloated sensation. Another highly mentioned advantage is suppression of appetite. The acidity in lemon juice can suppress hunger cravings, so you end up eating less during the day. Although these effects may register loss on the scale, a majority of the lost weight is water—not fat. When you return to eating normally, the figures tend to bounce back immediately. Therefore, even though lemon juice diet may be a good starting point for losing weight, it is certainly not a long-term solution.

Health Considerations and Risks

Whereas temporary weight reduction may be attractive, the lemon juice diet has possible risks:

Nutrient Deficiency: Excessive fasting may result in shortages of necessary nutrients, such as proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

Metabolic Slowdown: Long-term calorie deprivation may result in a slowdown of metabolism, which will be more difficult to sustain the weight loss.

Digestive Problems: Fiber and solid food deprivation may interfere with normal digestive processes.

Electrolyte Imbalance: Overdiuresis can cause electrolyte imbalances, and the function of heart and muscles is affected.

It's important to be careful with such diets and take the advice of medical experts before embarking on them.

Lemon Water as a Healthier Alternative

For individuals who want to indulge in the goodness of lemon without resorting to extreme diets, incorporating lemon water into your lifestyle can be a healthy and invigorating practice.

Consider it like a quick flip—putting a slice of lemon in your water not only makes the water taste better but also can motivate you to stay hydrated all day long. It's a clever, low-calorie substitute for sugary beverages or juices that makes it easy for you to reduce excess calories. And lemons are full of natural vitamin C, a gentle kick to your immune system but here's the point—lemon water is not a weight loss magic potion. In order to really see results, it must be part of a larger context that includes a balanced diet and regular exercise. So, drink your lemon water, but let it supplement a healthy lifestyle, not substitute for it.

Though the lemon juice diet can lead to a short-term weight loss, it's mostly because of calorie deprivation and water loss. The possible health consequences and the chances of regaining weight make it a short-lived long-term option. To achieve permanent weight management, try eating a balanced meal, routine physical exercise and a healthy way of living is advisable.

Protein has earned its badge as the king of nutrients. It’s revered by bodybuilders and marathon runners, keto followers and casual gym-goers alike. From protein powders to protein-packed yogurts and energy bars, we’re witnessing a nutritional renaissance that places protein on a pedestal. But in the middle of this muscle-building craze, another essential nutrient has been left out of the conversation: fiber.

It's the quiet hero of gut health, digestion, and prevention of chronic disease—but most of us are barely getting enough. And that deficiency might silently destroy even the cleanest, most protein-rich diets.

Let's be honest—protein is all the rage. Beyond sport performance, it's being heralded for weight loss, satiety, metabolism, and energy. Health bloggers share macros with pride, and protein consumption is the hot item on doctor's-office and diet-app agendas everywhere. Yet in a time when so much attention has turned to lean meats, eggs, whey, and legumes for their protein punch, fiber is not often given its proper place.

Based on recent estimates of diet, fewer than 1 in 10 Americans meet the daily recommended intake of fiber: 25 grams per day for women and 38 grams for men. Most of us fall far, far short, at an average of just about 15 grams daily. That's not only a nutritional deficit—it's a public health issue.

For individuals on high-protein diets—particularly those based on animal foods—this discrepancy becomes even more alarming. Why? Because in the absence of enough fiber, a high-protein diet can contribute to sluggish digestion, inflammation, and even long-term metabolic and digestive health problems.

What Makes Fiber So Essential?

Fiber is a complex carbohydrate that the body is unable to digest but is vital for the overall health. It's generally classified as soluble and insoluble fiber—both of which have specific roles in the digestive tract.

Soluble fiber, contained in foods such as beans, oats, seeds, and apples, dissolves in water to create a gel-like texture. This serves to slow down the digestion and absorption of sugar, consequently promoting blood sugar control.

Insoluble fiber, found in whole grains, leafy greens, and popcorn, won't dissolve in water. Rather, it adds bulk to your stool and works like a broom sweeping through your digestive system—keeping things moving and stopping constipation.

But the true strength of fiber is the way it powers your gut microbiome—the varied community of bacteria that inhabit your gut. These bugs are not freeloaders, but rather workhorses that assist with digestion, regulate immunity, affect mood, and even modulate inflammation.

"When the gut microbiome isn't provided with adequate fiber to eat, it becomes out of balance—a state referred to as dysbiosis," explains Dr. Maria Lansing, registered dietitian and gut health expert. "The imbalance has been connected to disorders from obesity and type 2 diabetes to autoimmune disease and even some cancers."

One study even discovered that toxic bacteria in the colon can release toxins that could raise the risk of colon cancer when there is a deficiency of fiber in the diet. In short, a high-protein diet with little fiber might stealthily set the stage for eventual disease.

As protein consumption increases—particularly from animal products such as chicken, beef, and fish—but fiber is low, digestive discomfort is usually the initial symptom. Typical symptoms are bloating, constipation, and irregularity. Long-term, this nutritional imbalance can also cause inflammatory reactions, increased cholesterol levels, and compromised immunity.

Fiber, especially soluble fiber, also helps bind cholesterol in the digestive tract, potentially lowering its absorption into the bloodstream. Some researchers believe this may explain why high-fiber diets are often associated with reduced risk of heart disease, though more conclusive evidence is needed.

Fiber’s Role in Disease Prevention

Beyond digestion, fiber has far-reaching benefits across various body systems:

Regulates Blood Sugar: Soluble fiber slows sugar absorption, making it crucial for people with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes.

Supports Healthy Weight: Filling, natural foods that control hunger and prevent overeating.

Feeds Good Gut Bacteria: Prebiotic fibers stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria that keep the gut barrier strong and boost immunity.

Reduces Inflammation: The optimally nourished microbiome produces short-chain fatty acids, which lower systemic inflammation—a gateway to chronic disease.

How to Eat More Fiber?

It's not hard to balance protein and fiber—it simply takes a more mindful strategy for food choice.

At each meal, attempt to have at least one high-fiber food. Some of the high-scoring foods are:

Legumes: Beans, lentils, and chickpeas are dynamos of protein and fiber.

Nuts & Seeds: Chia seeds, flaxseeds, almonds, and pistachios contain healthy fats, fiber, and plant protein.

Vegetables: Leafy greens such as spinach, cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, and root vegetables such as carrots provide great fiber intake.

Whole Grains: Replace refined carbohydrates with quinoa, brown rice, oats, or whole wheat.

Fruits: Apples, pears, and berries provide natural sweetness and fiber-friendly gut.

Snack smarter too—popcorn is unexpectedly high in insoluble fiber, at approximately 6 grams per serving.

When the daily intake of dietary fiber is lacking, supplements such as psyllium husk, inulin, or methylcellulose can fill the gap. Methylcellulose, an unfementing fiber, is usually better tolerated among those who are sensitive to bloating.

Even so, professionals emphasize that actual food must be your main source of fiber. Whole foods provide a balance of nutrients, enzymes, and natural chemicals that supplements can't match.

Whether it is our exams, an important meeting or just a stressful interview, focus and how we behave plays a very big role in how we do things. However, it is very easy to lose one’s attention during these stressful situations. Many people even experience things like an upset stomach or ‘feeling butterflies’ at times like this. While you may think it is inevitable, an unexpected factor for it could the food you ate before.

Knowing what food, you should eat can not only help you feel energized but also allow you to focus on your exams or other important occasions.

Registered Dietitian and Performance Nutritionist Sinead O'Donovan has shared her expert advice on how to fuel your body for optimal energy and concentration on social media.

Powering Up Your Brain Before Exams

For those crucial morning exams, Sinead emphasizes the importance of a balanced breakfast. This should include:

Complex Carbohydrates: Think porridge, wholegrain toast or a bagel, or All-Bran. These provide sustained energy release.

Protein: Incorporate items like yoghurts, eggs, or smoked salmon. Sinead highlights smoked salmon as an excellent source of omega-3, which is vital for brain health.

Healthy Fats: Don't forget nut butter, avocado, or nuts and seeds to round out your meal.

Why Hydration is Important?

Beyond food, hydration plays a critical role in your exam performance. Sinead strongly warns that even mild "dehydration can impair concentration," making it harder to think clearly and recall information. Her advice is straightforward and easy to follow: make sure you are well-hydrated before the exam even begins. Then, to maintain optimal concentration throughout the test, remember to sip on water during your exam. This simple step can significantly impact your ability to stay sharp and focused for the entire duration of the test.

General Tips for Exam Day Nutrition

If you have an afternoon exam, the same smart eating principles apply as for a morning test. Sinead recommends a nutritious lunch that mirrors the balanced approach of breakfast. This means your midday meal should also incorporate complex carbohydrates for sustained energy, along with ample protein and healthy fats. Some excellent and simple ideas for such a lunch include wholegrain pasta paired with tuna and a medley of vegetables, or a wholesome wholegrain sandwich filled with chicken and served with a refreshing side salad.

Sinead offers a few final, practical tips to ensure you're at your best on exam day. Firstly, she advises keeping your food choices simple. Opt for foods you genuinely enjoy and, crucially, ones you know your body tolerates well. This means avoiding any new or unfamiliar foods that might upset your stomach.

Secondly, and very importantly, Sinead cautions against relying on energy drinks and high-sugar foods. While they might seem to offer a quick boost, she warns that "they probably won't sustain you for the whole day," leading to an energy crash when you need it most.

The NHS website also provides comprehensive advice for students, reinforcing some of Sinead's points and adding crucial strategies for managing exam stress. Similar to Sinead's advice, the NHS stresses starting your day with a good breakfast. Ensure you have all necessary supplies like pens, pencils, a calculator, water, and tissues. By combining smart nutrition with effective stress management, you can set yourself up for success during exam season.

• Manage stress and anxiety
• Create a realistic revision schedule.
• Take regular short breaks.
• Reward yourself after revision sessions (e.g., spend time with friends, take a bath, listen to music).
• Engage in physical activity like walking or stretching to clear your mind and improve sleep.
• Talk to someone you trust (family, teacher, friend) if you're feeling stressed, as many people find exams challenging.