If you know anything about pregnancy, you would know about "water breaking". Even if you do not know enough, this is one thing which you may know through popular media or depiction of a pregnant woman going to labor in series. It is when their "water breaks". Have you ever thought where that "water" came from? Well, we got you the answers, it’s amniotic fluid. This fluid plays a critical role during pregnancy, providing the baby with the ideal environment to grow and develop. However, complications can arise when there’s too much or too little of it, requiring close monitoring to ensure a safe delivery.

Let’s explore what amniotic fluid is, why it’s important, and what happens when levels are outside the normal range.

What is Amniotic Fluid or the "water" that breaks?

"Water" or the amniotic fluid is a clear or slightly yellow liquid that surrounds the baby inside the amniotic sac. It begins forming soon after conception and serves multiple purposes:

• This fluid helps with protection of the baby as it cushions the baby and prevents injury.
• It also supplies essential nutrients, proteins, and electrolytes.
• The fluid allows the baby to practice swallowing and breathing, aiding in the development of the lungs, digestive system, and muscles.
• The fluid contains antibacterial properties that help protect against infections.
• Amniotic fluid levels typically peak between 29 and 37 weeks of pregnancy and gradually decrease closer to delivery.

Are there any levels that ensures that the fluid is not more than it's needed:

Doctors measure amniotic fluid using an amniotic fluid index (AFI) during ultrasounds. Normal levels range between 5 cm and 25 cm. Variations outside this range are categorized into two main conditions:

• Oligohydramnios: When There’s Too Little Fluid
• Oligohydramnios refers to low levels of amniotic fluid (less than 5 cm). This condition can develop at any stage of pregnancy and may be diagnosed during routine ultrasounds or if your belly measures smaller than expected for your gestational age.

Symptoms:

• Decreased fetal movement
• Fluid leakage from the vagina
• Abdominal pain

Causes:

• Placental issues
• Maternal dehydration or diabetes
• Multiple pregnancies
• Premature rupture of membranes

Treatment:

Oligohydramnios is managed through close monitoring, increased hydration, and, in some cases, early delivery (typically after 37 weeks). Severe cases may require additional interventions to ensure the baby’s safety.

Anhydramnios: The Severe Form of Oligohydramnios

Anhydramnios occurs when there is no measurable amniotic fluid. This rare but serious condition often leads to severe complications, including underdeveloped lungs and skeletal abnormalities.

Prognosis:

Anhydramnios is most dangerous when diagnosed early in pregnancy. Babies with this condition often face significant challenges, including a high risk of stillbirth.

Polyhydramnios: When There’s Too Much Fluid

On the other end of the spectrum, polyhydramnios occurs when amniotic fluid levels exceed 25 cm.

Symptoms:

• Difficulty breathing
• Swelling in the legs and feet
• Heartburn

Causes:

• Gestational diabetes
• Infections
• Genetic disorders

Treatment:

Mild cases are typically monitored, while severe cases may require draining excess fluid or treating underlying conditions. Without proper management, polyhydramnios can lead to complications such as premature labor, placental abruption, or umbilical cord issues.

What Happens if You Leak Amniotic Fluid?

Leaking amniotic fluid before labor, known as premature rupture of membranes (PROM), can be a medical emergency.

Types of PROM:

Term PROM: Occurs after 37 weeks.

Preterm PROM (PPROM): Occurs before 37 weeks

Risks of PROM:

• Infection
• Premature labor
• Cord prolapse

Treatment depends on how far along you are in your pregnancy. It may include bed rest, antibiotics, or inducing labor.

What’s the Outlook for Amniotic Fluid Conditions?

The outcome for these conditions depends on when they occur and how they are managed:

• Oligohydramnios: Better outcomes are expected in the third trimester. Early occurrences carry higher risks.
• Anhydramnios: This condition poses severe risks, especially before 24 weeks.
• Polyhydramnios: Rarely causes complications unless severe, but it can lead to preterm labor.
• PROM: Most pregnant individuals go into labor within 24 hours of PROM at term, but preterm PROM carries higher risks.

"I miss who I was too," says the Christina Applegate, revealing her emotional conversation with daughter Sadie

She is speaking candidly about how life with multiple sclerosis (MS) has changed not just her, but her relationship with her daughter.

The Dead to Me actress, 53, recently shared an emotional moment from a conversation with her 14-year-old daughter, Sadie, on the Let’s Talk Off Camera with Kelly Ripa podcast. Diagnosed with MS in 2021, Applegate has gradually withdrawn from public life as she navigates the daily physical and emotional toll of the condition.

“I don’t get up in the morning with that,” she said, referring to any sense of personal motivation. “I get up because of her. She’s the reason I’m still here and trying.”

But that strength has been tested in ways that have cut deep—especially as a mother. During their recent conversation, Sadie told her something that Applegate says "was like a knife to the heart."

“She said, ‘I miss who you were before you got sick.’ And I do too,” Applegate said, holding back tears. “I miss that version of me very much.”

The toll of daily life with MS

Applegate has never shied away from speaking about the realities of living with multiple sclerosis.

On Conan O’Brien’s podcast earlier this year, she revealed that she rarely leaves the house anymore. The pain and fatigue have become too overwhelming.

“If people saw what my life was like on the daily, they wouldn’t be able to do it. Because I can sometimes not do it. It’s really, really hard,” she admitted.

And that physical struggle directly impacts her ability to parent. Once an active, involved mom, picking up her daughter from school, dancing with her at home, volunteering in the school library, Applegate now says that version of herself is gone, and her daughter has noticed the change.

“She’s had to see the loss of her mom, in the way that I was a mom with her,” Applegate told PEOPLE in an earlier interview. “She doesn’t see those things anymore. This is a loss for her as well.”

There are days, she added, when the pain is so severe that Sadie simply knows not to ask anything of her. “If she sees that I’m laying on my side, she knows she can’t ask me to do anything. And that breaks me,” Applegate said. “I love doing things for her. I just can’t sometimes. But I try. I try.”

What is multiple sclerosis?

As per the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, multiple sclerosis is a chronic, often disabling neurological condition that affects the central nervous system, the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an autoimmune disorder, meaning the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells, in this case, the protective sheath (myelin) surrounding nerve fibers.

Without intact myelin, nerve signals slow down or get interrupted, leading to a range of symptoms that vary from person to person. These may include muscle weakness, fatigue, numbness, coordination issues, vision changes, and memory problems.

Most people are diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40, although it can occur earlier or later. MS does not have a cure, but treatments can help manage symptoms and slow disease progression. The severity of symptoms also differs, some people experience mild, manageable relapses, while others gradually face increasing disability.

Life with MS: A new normal

One of the most difficult aspects of MS is its unpredictability. Symptoms can flare up unexpectedly and may disappear for long stretches. While the disease doesn’t typically shorten life expectancy, it does require a major adjustment in daily life.

In Applegate’s case, it has meant redefining her identity, not just as an actress, but as a mother and a person. Still, despite the pain and fatigue, her love for her daughter keeps her grounded and trying.

“Sadie is the reason I’m still here. She gives me the strength to keep going,” Applegate said.

A big concern for parents these days is how kids are seemingly swallowed by technology. They no longer plead to go out and play for ‘just five more minutes’. The serotonin and dopamine boost we used to crave while playing outside as kids, does not seem like a big deal any longer. Could this be due to the increase in electronic device usage?

Parents who are worried about their kids screentime are right to be concerned. Many studies have shown the increased screentime slows down brain development. If certain habits can slow down brain development, are there others that can increase brain development?

A new study published in the Environment International journal suggests that living close to green areas, like parks or forests, might lower a child's chance of developing problems like ADHD and autism. This protective effect seems to start even before they are born.

How Green Spaces May Help Before and After Birth

The study found that children were less likely to experience brain development problems if their mothers lived near green spaces before or during pregnancy. The same benefit was seen if the children themselves lived near green spaces when they were infants. These important findings were published in a science journal called Environment International. One of the lead researchers pointed out that having more access to green spaces in cities could truly support healthy brain development in young children and help reduce the number of developmental delays.

Why Green Spaces Might Be Good for Brains

Scientists don't fully understand yet exactly how green spaces might help a baby's brain grow healthily, even while still in the womb. However, they have some ideas. They believe that being around nature can reduce stress and feelings of sadness, encourage people to spend more time with others, and lower exposure to loud noises and very hot or cold temperatures. All of these things could be good for a young child's overall development.

What the Study Discovered

For this research, scientists looked at a lot of information from over 1.8 million mothers and children who were part of the Medicaid program in different states. They used satellite images and the mothers' home addresses to figure out how much green space they lived near. The results were quite interesting:

• Children whose mothers lived near green spaces had a 34% lower risk of intellectual disabilities.
• They also had a 17% lower risk of autism.
• For children who lived near green spaces themselves after they were born, the study found a 19% lower risk of learning disabilities.

The researchers noticed that these protective effects were present at different stages: before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and in early childhood. This suggests that there might be various biological reasons why green spaces are helpful at different times.

Stronger Benefits in City Areas

The study showed that the protective effects of green spaces were even stronger for children living in city areas and for children from Black or Hispanic families. This suggests that green spaces might provide an even greater benefit in places where they are not as common. Increasing access to green spaces in city environments could really support early childhood brain development and help reduce the number of developmental delays.

What We Still Need to Learn

It's important to remember that this study can't prove that living near green spaces directly causes healthier brain development. There could be other factors that also play a role in a child's risk for developmental problems.

Future research will dive deeper into the exact reasons why green spaces might benefit children's brain development. They also want to explore whether different kinds of green spaces—like parks, walking trails, or playing fields—offer different levels of benefit.

A baby’s sex at birth might not be the equal coin toss that we’ve always believed it to be. A new study published by the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, titled, “Is sex at birth a biological coin toss? Insights from a longitudinal and GWAS analysis” challenges this long-held assumption.

The study was published on July 18 in the journal Science Advances, and it found that several factors, including a mother's age, genetics, and the sex of older siblings—may influence whether she’s more likely to have a boy or a girl.

Patterns Behind the Birth of Boys and Girls: How Was The Study Conducted?

The research looked at more than 146,000 pregnancies involving over 58,000 U.S. nurses from the NIH-funded Nurses’ Health Study, covering the years 1956 to 2015. What they found was eye-opening: families with three or more children were more likely to have either all boys or all girls than if the sex of a child was purely random.

“If you’ve had two or three girls and you’re trying for a boy, your odds aren’t 50-50 anymore,” explained Jorge Chavarro, professor of nutrition and epidemiology and the study’s senior author, in a quote to The Washington Post. “You’re more likely to have another girl.”

Also Read: It Might Not Be Diabetes; It Could Be This Common Pill Causing Heart Disease: Study

The Role of Maternal Age and Genetics

One of the biggest surprises was the link between maternal age and the likelihood of giving birth to all children of the same sex. Women who started having children after age 28 had a slightly higher chance of giving birth to only boys or only girls.

Researchers believe this could be due to biological changes that come with age, such as shifts in hormone levels or physical conditions that may affect which sperm survive and fertilize the egg.

Additionally, the study identified two specific genes that appear to be linked with the likelihood of having children of only one sex. While scientists don’t yet know how these genes affect birth sex, their discovery opens the door for further research.

Chavarro noted that future studies should explore whether lifestyle choices, diet, or even exposure to certain environmental chemicals might also play a role.

Are Families Subconsciously Seeking “Gender Balance”?

The study also touches on social patterns. In families with two children, there was a higher chance of one boy and one girl. Researchers believe this may be because couples tend to stop having children once they have one of each sex, possibly due to a preference for a “balanced” family.

This idea is supported by another paper published in the Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, which jokingly refers to parents who have three boys or three girls as those who “lose the birth lottery.”

When Expectations Don’t Match Reality

The findings also bring up the topic of “gender disappointment”, a real emotional experience for some parents when the sex of their baby isn’t what they hoped for.

A 2023 paper in the BJPsych Bulletin found that in many Western families, this disappointment often stems from a desire to experience raising both sons and daughters.

In everyday life, these expectations can be seen in subtle remarks like “Four boys? Poor you,” or “Still trying for a girl?”, comments that reflect how deeply society views gender roles and balance, reports CBC.

What It Means for Expecting Parents

While the science behind birth sex is clearly more complex than a simple 50-50 chance, experts agree it’s not something to stress over. Rather, it’s a reminder that biology, age, genes, and personal choices all come together in ways we’re only beginning to understand.