A baby is considered fully developed and full-term at 39 weeks of gestation. A baby can be born anywhere between 37 and 42 weeks and can still be considered full-term. This period helps in baby's organ development like brain, lungs, and liver. It also reduces baby's health risks, promotes a better brain development and helps with other cognitive activities.

However, under certain circumstances, premature babies are also born. However, when a baby is born at 24 weeks or later, the baby has chance to survival and this chance increases with each additional week of gestation. However, babies who are born before 24 weeks face a high risk of mortality and potential long-term health issues.

A baby born before 22 weeks has a survival rate of 6%. So if a baby born in 21 weeks survives, it is no less than a miracle.

This is the story of one such miracle that happened where a baby, who had less than 1% chance of survival is now thriving and has broken the world record.

"Defied All Scientific Odds"

This is from the year 2020 when at 21 weeks, in Alabama, the most premature baby in the world, as per the Guinness World Records, was born.

Curtis Means and his twin sister, C'Asya Means, were born on July 5, 2020, at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Hospital. Delivered at just 21 weeks and 1 day of gestation—132 days premature—the twins faced overwhelming odds, with UAB estimating their chance of survival at less than 1%. According to Guinness World Records, they were born nearly 19 weeks early.

"Numbers show that babies born so young have little to no chances of survival," said Dr. Brian Sims, a professor of pediatrics at the UAB who was the on-call physician when the twins' mother, Michelle Butler. The doctor's statement is part of UAB's official statement.

However, C'Asya did not respond to treatment and died the day after birth, but Curtis' heart rate and oxygen levels started to improve.

"We have never been able to bring a baby that young to the neonatal intensive care unit, so [Curtis] was literally the first of his kind," Sims told Guinness World Records. We were in uncharted territory."

Curtis received constant medical care that helped him breathe. His body temperature was also regulated and other care, including enough nutrition intakes were maintained. It was in about three months, when the doctors were finally able to take him off a ventilator.

Dr Colm Travers, an assistant professor in the Division of Neonatology said in a statement, "Curtis defied all scientific odds." Indeed he did. Age and birth weight are two of the most important factors in determining a newborn’s chances of survival, he explained. The odds are also higher if the baby is female, not part of a multiple birth, and if the mother received steroids before delivery to aid lung development—none of which applied in Curtis’s case. Yet, Curtis survived.

How The Baby Survived

At birth, Curtis weighed just 14.8 ounces (420 grams)—roughly one-seventh the weight of an average full-term newborn, according to Guinness World Records. Despite the odds, he grew stronger each day and was discharged from the hospital around nine months later, supported by medication, a feeding tube, and bottled oxygen.

After celebrating his first birthday, Curtis—affectionately nicknamed "Poodie" by his family—was officially recognized by Guinness World Records as the most premature surviving baby.

Six months after his discharge, Curtis’ medical team gathered outside the University of Alabama at Birmingham hospital to surprise his mother with the Guinness World Record certificate. The previous record holder, Richard Hutchinson, had been born just a month earlier, on June 5, 2020, at 21 weeks and 2 days.

Vapes were marketed as a safer option than cigarettes, but research now shows they carry serious health risks -- from lung damage to meningitis to cancer.

Vaping has been a serious concern in the United States, with New York Attorney General Letitia James in 2025 filing a lawsuit against e-cigarette manufacturers and distributors.

The lawsuit accused the companies of fueling a youth vaping crisis, alleging that these companies that manufacture vapes, especially with flavors, have misled consumers about the safety of their products while deliberately targeting young people through deceptive marketing.

Now, a new study, published in JAMA Network Open, has for the first time assessed trends in young children's nicotine exposures across all types of products.

Shockingly, electronic cigarette-related incidents increased 243 percent over the past eight years in young children, especially among those under five years of age, said researchers from the Rutgers New Jersey Medical School.

In contrast, tobacco exposures from conventional products such as cigarettes decreased by 43 percent.

Unlike cigarettes, these devices are often ready to use, brightly colored, require little effort to activate, and appear more like toys than a harmful product.

"This significant spike in children breathing in these substances tells us the risk has changed: It's no longer just about a toddler swallowing something they found on the floor," said lead author Perry Rosen, who conducted the research at the New Jersey Poison Control Center.

"Many recent cases involve children actively using e-cigarette devices after gaining access to them," Rosen added.

Key Findings

The findings were based on an analysis of more than 92,000 reported nicotine exposures in children ages 5 and younger between 2016 and 2023.

The researchers noted that vaping risks often involved children who inhaled the vapors directly from the devices. They also found that children exposed to e-cigarettes were more likely to require a visit to a health care facility compared with those exposed to cigarettes.

According to researchers, young children naturally mimic the behaviors they see around them. So, parents and caregivers must keep vaping devices away from the reach of young children.

Previous research has shown that even moderate ongoing nicotine exposure can lead to lasting health effects on developing lungs, including increased risk of bronchitis and worsening asthma.

"When children see caregivers or older family members vaping, they may copy that behavior—bringing the device to their mouth and inhaling—without any understanding they are exposing themselves to a harmful substance," said Diane Calello, executive and medical director of the New Jersey Poison Control Center.

Vaping: A Concern

Vaping has become a more common form of tobacco use among American middle and high school students.

As per the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), nearly 1.6 million students used e-cigarettes in 2024, with 87.6 percent of them opting for a flavored product.

It is the flavor that makes it even more addictive, and people want to keep smoking it, resulting in it being emptied and refilled way more quickly.

This means those who smoke flavored cigarettes consume more tobacco than those who smoke unflavored ones.

Conceiving after 7 years of marriage—riddled with societal shame and self-doubt and a host of tests—was a moment of immense joy to Shalini, a 30-year-old IT professional.

Shalini was cared for, pampered, and showered with gifts. But the happiness was short-lived. At 10 weeks, her doctor delivered devastating news: there was no fetal heartbeat, and the pregnancy would have to be terminated.

Shalini couldn’t process; years of taunts of not being able to deliver a child came back to her ears—a voice so profound that she was unwilling to abort, let come what may.

However, in a week, the miscarriage occurred. She woke up at 2 am with intense abdominal pain and felt her womb rolling. She rushed to the toilet and found herself in a pool of blood. Her baby was gone.

For more than an hour, she continuously pushed out huge chunks of blood clots—the flesh of her unborn baby. Shalini cried. Then she went numb.

Doctors cleaned her up, but nobody bothered to heal her emotional burden—of not being able to deliver a baby successfully.

Years passed; Shalini delivered a healthy baby girl, but deep inside her, she still cries for her lost baby.

Shalini is not alone; more than one in five pregnancies worldwide end in miscarriage. While physical recovery is often addressed, emotional care is still met with silence.

The body may heal with treatment and nourishment, but internally, many women grapple with grief, anxiety, and a profound sense of loss that often goes unrecognized and untreated, said doctors, stressing the need for addressing the emotional toll.

What Is A Miscarriage?

A miscarriage is the loss of a pregnancy or the unexpected ending of a pregnancy in the first 20 weeks of gestation.

Most of them occur in 12 weeks and are classed as early miscarriages, while far fewer happen between 13 and 24 weeks.

Symptoms include

• vaginal bleeding,
• cramping like a period pain,
• decrease in pregnancy symptoms.

These occur when the fetus stops growing before 20 weeks.

As per the World Health Organization (WHO), miscarriage is the most common reason for losing a baby during pregnancy. WHO defines a miscarriage as a baby that dies before 28 weeks.

Miscarriage: Mental Health Implications

Also read:UK Women Who Suffer From Miscarriage May Get Two Weeks Paid Leave

Miscarriage often causes sadness, disinterest, sleeplessness, and depression. Many times, women experience low self-esteem and guilt.

There can also be marital issues, differences in psychological reaction of the spouse, and self-blame. There is also a sense of deep personal loss and trauma. It can lead to symptoms such as

• PTSD,
• feelings of yearning,
• emptiness,
• emotional numbing.

HealthandMe spoke to some mental health experts to understand what women who face the unexplained loss suffer.

“Miscarriage in women leads to many adverse consequences in psychological, social, marital, and physical domains. Most immediate effect is an acute feeling of loss, grief, and bereavement,” Dr. Savita Malhotra, President of the Indian Psychiatric Society, told HealthandMe.

She added that women who faced miscarriage can also feel anxiety over future pregnancies.

“About 20-30 percent of women after miscarriage show clear depression and anxiety. A similar number may show PTSD. Women who have an earlier history of miscarriage, trauma, or mental illness are more prone to mental ill health,” Dr Malhotra said.

Also read: Why Many Older Men Struggle to Conceive Despite ‘Good Health’

So why do women face these emotional turmoil?

"The lack of open conversation can intensify isolation, making women feel their pain is invisible or minimized. Social stigma and well-meaning but dismissive comments further deepen the wound," Dr. Chetna Jain Director Dept of Obstetrics & gynecology Cloudnine Group of hospitals, Gurugram, told HealthandMe.

Dr Deepak Raheja, a New Delhi-based psychiatrist, said that miscarriage is not just a medical event; for many women, it represents the loss of a deeply hoped-for future.

"Hormonal changes, lack of open conversations around pregnancy loss, and a tendency to internalize blame can make the emotional impact even heavier," the doctor told HealthandMe.

The experts urged the need for better familial support and good marital relationships that can prevent mental health issues in women.

Recognizing miscarriage as both a medical and emotional event is essential. Compassionate care, counselling, and supportive communities play a critical role in healing and long-term wellbeing.

Also read: Planning A Pregnancy In The 30s: Expert Answers FAQs On Women's Fertility in 30s

Dr Malhotra said, "There's a need for clear mental health intervention and psychiatric treatment."

"It is important to recognize miscarriage as a legitimate form of bereavement," added Dr Raheja.

Compassionate care from families and healthcare professionals, along with timely psychological support, can help women process the loss more healthily and gradually rebuild emotional resilience.