Knee problems are increasingly common as people grow older, often becoming a silent barrier to independence and mobility. Strong, healthy knees are essential for everyday movements like walking, climbing stairs, sitting, and standing. According to Dr Rakesh Nair, consultant knee replacement surgeon at Zen Multispeciality Hospital, Chembur, caring for your knees early can make a lasting difference to your quality of life.

Why Knees Weaken With Age

As we age, natural wear and tear begins to affect the knee joints. Cartilage that cushions the knee gradually becomes thinner, muscles around the joint weaken, and flexibility reduces. These changes can lead to pain, stiffness, and discomfort that interfere with daily routines. Conditions such as osteoarthritis become more common, where the protective cartilage wears down over time.

Other factors can speed up knee damage. Previous injuries, excess body weight, poor posture, lack of physical activity, and weak muscles around the knee increase the strain on the joint. Reduced joint lubrication and ligament weakness also add to the problem, making knees more vulnerable to pain and instability.

Warning Signs You Should Not Ignore

Knee issues often start subtly but tend to worsen if ignored. Common symptoms include pain while walking or climbing stairs, stiffness after sitting for long periods, swelling, or a cracking sound during movement. Some people notice reduced flexibility or a feeling that the knee might give way, increasing the risk of falls.

These symptoms are not just minor inconveniences. They are signals that the knee joint needs attention and care.

How Knee Problems Can Affect Daily Life

If left unmanaged, knee problems can progress and significantly limit mobility. Persistent pain may lead to reduced movement and dependence on others for simple activities like getting up from a chair, bending, or even walking short distances. Severe arthritis can cause joint deformity, muscle weakness, and a noticeable decline in overall quality of life.

In advanced stages, basic activities such as bathing, standing, or walking can become difficult. Many individuals eventually require knee replacement surgery to relieve pain and restore mobility.

Treatment Options Based on Severity

Treatment depends on how advanced the knee problem is. Early-stage knee pain can often be managed with pain relief medicines, physiotherapy, and supportive knee braces. Strengthening exercises help support the joint, while weight management reduces pressure on the knees.

In cases where pain and stiffness become severe and daily life is affected, a doctor may recommend knee replacement surgery as a long-term solution.

Daily Habits To Keep Your Knees Healthy

Protecting your knees starts with simple lifestyle choices. Maintaining an optimum weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise is crucial. Aim for at least 45 minutes of physical activity daily. Low-impact exercises such as walking, swimming, and cycling are gentle on the knees and help keep them strong.

Stretching every day improves flexibility and reduces stiffness. Avoid rigorous activities that cause pain or put excessive pressure on the knees. Be mindful while lifting heavy objects and use proper form to prevent strain. Maintaining good posture while sitting and standing also helps reduce unnecessary stress on the knee joints.

Taking charge of your knee health today can help you stay active, independent, and pain-free as you age.

Playing sports as a teenager may reduce your risk of breast cancer in the future, a Breast Cancer Research study shows.

Researchers from New York, US and Toronto, UK have discovered that young girls who play sports, whether organized such as dance and football or unorganized for at least two hours in a week showed lower breast water content, which can stop the growth of cancerous cells and prevent cell damage.

Rebecca Kehm, Assistant Professor of Epidemiology at Columbia Mailman School of Public Health. noted of the results: “The importance and urgency of this research are underscored by the rising incidence of breast cancer in young women and the alarmingly low levels of recreational physical activity observed both in this study and among adolescents globally.

“Our findings suggest that recreational physical activity is associated with breast tissue composition and stress biomarker changes in adolescent girls, independent of body fat, which could have important implications for breast cancer risk.

The scientists also found that teenage girls around the age of 16 who were involved in physical activity has low oxidative stress in their urine, indicating that their body has a healthy balance between free radicals (unstable molecules) and antioxidants.

Why Is Low Breast Water Content Good For You?

In adult women, about 50 percent of the mass in normal breast tissues is made of water. Multiple previous studies have shown that cancerous breast tumors contain 1.6 times more water and significantly low fat than healthy levels.

This can lead to increased cellular hydration in the breast which can pave the way for excessive cell division, alters tissue structure and can impact metabolism, making water a key factor in tumor characteristics and progression.

Read More: India Loses A Woman To Breast Cancer Every Eight Minutes

Additionally, excessive breast water content also changes the tissue's physical properties which can lead to swelling which can increase breast size by more than a cup size, a feeling of fullness, tightness, heaviness, skin thickening, or a "peau d'orange" (orange peel) appearance.

Low water content acts as an indicator of low breast density and oxidative stress-related biomarkers in the urine, which signals a healthy amount of antioxidants in the body and cell growth as well as death is occurring at a normal, healthy rate.

Is Breast Cancer On The Rise In India?

One factor that sets India apart is the age at which women are affected. Almost half of all breast cancer patients in the country are younger than 45. This is a much higher proportion than seen in many Western nations, where the disease is usually detected later in life.

Moreover, sedentary habits, excessive consumption of processed foods as well as alcohol and smoking promotes obesity and hormonal changes which pave the way for breast cancer development.

The researchers noted in the study that they are yet to conclude how playing sports can reduce breast water content and oxidative stress.

Should teens be lifting weights? This is a question many people wonder, and Cara Natterson, a pediatrician, finally has answers! "Tweens and teens should not be lifting heavy weights, but they absolutely can do resistance training. There is an important difference between the two," she says.

In an Instagram video, shared by the account @less.awkward, which is ran by Natterson, and Vanessa Kroll Bennett, Natterson explains that during puberty, "the body is flooded with hormones like testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, and growth hormone, which together trigger the release of IGF-1, a key driver of growth spurts and cartilage development".

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So, What Happens When A Teen Trains?

“When kids are growing rapidly, the cartilage around their bones is actually weaker than the bone itself, which makes them more vulnerable to injury during weight lifting," she points out. She further explains that in peak growth phases, bones are still mineralizing. They form a scaffold first and fill in later, which means the bones are porous and easier to injure at this stage.

“The most vulnerable part of a growing bone is the growth plate, which sits at the ends of long bones and is the weakest point when it comes to fractures.” Natterson says that if a child gets injured during weight lifting or even sports, the growth plate is often where that injury occurs. This is why kids should not be bearing heavy weights until they are done with their growth spurts, she says. However, she points out that this "does not mean they should avoid strength-building altogether".

“Resistance training, where children use their own body weight, is not only safe but encouraged. Even five, six, and seven-year-olds can do it," she says.

Also Read: Have You Also Noticed Suddenly Becoming Lactose Intolerant? Nutritionist Explains Why

What Is Resistance Training?

Exercises like push-ups, pull-ups, sit-ups, squats, and anything that makes one use their own body weight is safe. Natterson says, “Exercises like push-ups and pull-ups strengthen muscles and improve bone density without putting excessive pressure on weak cartilage, thin bones, or growth plates.”

For more impact, one can use resistance bands. While people also use dumbbells, barbells, and kettlebells, Natterson recommends to avoid any weights during the growth spurt.

Here Are Some Examples Of Resistance Training That One Can Do Without Lifting Weights

Chest Press

• Wrap your resistance band behind your back.
• Hold both ends with your hands and start with your arms at your side.
• Bend your elbows and push the band in front of you.

Bicep Curls

• Stand on the resistance band and hold both ends in hands.
• With your arms extended by side, pull your hand up, keep elbow bent at side.
• Do it with one or both arms.

Squats

• Stand on your resistance band and grab both ends with your hands.
• In a squat position, hold the bands but do not lock your arms.
• Extend your knees until you are in a standing position.

Pull Ups

• Grip a bar with hands shoulder width apart.
• Start with a full hang, then pull your body up by squeezing your shoulder blades down and back until your chin clears the bar
• Then lower down the control and keep your core engaged.

Push Ups

• Start is high plank with hands wider then shoulders.
• Keep your core tight and body in a straight line from head to heels.
• Lower your chest towards the floor by bending elbows to 90 degrees.
• Push back up powerfully to the starting position, maintain a rigid core and straight back throughout.

Are women getting more protection from heart attack with less exercise? A study published in the Nature Cardiovascular Research, suggested that men need to exercise twice as much as women to reap similar heart health benefits.

How Was the Study Conducted?

To explore the difference between physical activity and coronary heart disease in two different sexes, Chinese researchers analyzed data from 80,243 men and women in the UK Biobank. These people were free from any heart disease at the start of the study, along with 5,169 who already had a condition.

The activities of these participants were tracked using wrist-worn activity monitors for over one week. After which the participants were followed for a median of nearly eight years.

What Did The Study Find?

The study found that women were at an advantage. Women who met their recommended exercise guideline that is 150 minutes per week had a 22 per cent lower risk of heart disease as compared with men, who had 17 per cent of reduction.

To reduce risk by 30 per cent, the study found that men had to get 530 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise per week. Whereas to achieve the same, women needed 250 minutes, which is less than half the time men need.

Among people with existing coronary heart disease, women who met recommended physical activity levels had a three times lower risk of death from any cause compared to men.

The findings question a one-size-fits-all approach to physical activity and suggest that gender-specific exercise guidelines could help both men and women better protect and improve their cardiovascular health.

What Else Does Benefit Your Heart?

Ditch 10k Steps A Day

A new study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine examined how step counts influence longevity and heart health, particularly in older adults. The findings were surprisingly optimistic. Scientists discovered that walking as few as 4,000 steps in a day, even if you manage this number only one or two days a week, can reduce the risk of death by 26 percent. It can also lower the risk of heart disease by 27 percent when compared to those who barely moved.

The benefits became even more striking when participants achieved the 4,000 step target on more than three days per week. In that group, mortality dropped by more than 40 percent and the risk of heart issues fell by 27 percent. These numbers show that moderate, regular walking has powerful protective effects on long-term health.

Go For A Long Walk

A new study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine suggests that you should choose one long walk over a few short strolls to keep your heart healthy. This is especially if you do not exercise much.

Walking for at least 15 minutes without a stop is ideal, notes the study. This means you walk for 1,500 steps in a row. This is said to give your heart a good workout. The study also notes that many people who walk 10,000 steps a day, actually follow the number that came from a Japanese pedometer advertisement, and not necessarily science, also reported by BBC. However, experts do agree that more steps are generally better for your health.

Orange Juice For Heart

The study published in Wiley Online Library revealed that orange juice consumption could influence the activity of thousands of genes inside our immune cell. Many of these genes also control blood pressure, calm inflammation and manage the way the body processes sugar. All these functions play an important role for long-term heart health.