Police in Guinea-Bissau raided the Bandim Health Project on Monday, October 19, and seized a batch of hepatitis B vaccines intended for a controversial trial involving 14,000 newborns, according to an official statement. The project’s Danish researchers, Peter Aaby and Christine Stabell Benn, are at the center of the dispute. The study received $1.6 million from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), matched by the Pershing Square Foundation and the Bluebell Foundation, bringing total funding to $3.2 million. US Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has praised the researchers’ work. The police search took place on Monday, involving “investigative procedures aimed at clarifying the circumstances related to the said batch of vaccines”, according to the social media post, which was translated from Portuguese. The announcement noted that seizing the immunizations did not point to “irregularities in the quality, safety, or effectiveness of the vaccines”, The Guardian reported. Why Is the Hepatitis B Vaccine Trial Controversial? The proposed trial would randomly divide 14,000 newborns into two groups: one would receive the hepatitis B vaccine at birth, while the other would receive it six weeks later. The WHO recommends hepatitis B vaccination within 24 hours of birth to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Why Is Delaying Vaccination a Concern? Also read: Hepatitis B Infections Could Rise 83% If US Changes Newborn Vaccine Policy: StudyHepatitis B is highly endemic in Guinea-Bissau, affecting more than 12% of adults. Infants infected at birth have about a 90% chance of developing chronic infection, which can lead to cirrhosis, liver failure and liver cancer. Stig Børsen Hansen, a member of the University of Southern Denmark’s ethics committee, resigned after the committee narrowly approved the updated protocol. He warned that the trial would expose some newborns to potentially serious infections by delaying vaccination. What Is the Study Investigating? Rather than testing the vaccine’s established efficacy, the study aims to investigate the proposed “non-specific effects” of vaccines — potential health effects beyond protection against targeted infections. Critics argue that delaying a recommended birth dose to investigate these hypotheses exposes newborns to avoidable risks. Former Guinea-Bissau Health Minister Magda Robalo and other critics have also raised concerns about conducting such research in a vulnerable population. What Have Authorities Said? The Bandim Health Project published an approval letter from Guinea-Bissau’s national ethics committee, dated July 14. A Danish research ethics committee also approved the study earlier this month. However, transitional government Health Minister Quinhin Nantote disputed reports that the trial would proceed, telling The Guardian: “This is not even remotely true.” WHO spokesperson Tarik Jašarević said a study denying newborns the vaccine would be “unethical” and expose them to “serious and potentially irreversible harm.” The WHO is advising Guinea-Bissau’s Ministry of Health on introducing the vaccine and assessing the study’s potential impact. Why Is RFK Jr. Backing the Researchers?Anthropologist Peter Aaby founded the Bandim Health Project in 1978. It is now co-led by his wife, epidemiologist Christine Stabell Benn. Kennedy has called the pair “the deities of vaccine research” at an anti-vaccine conference and cited their research on the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. A subsequent study by the researchers produced different results. Kennedy also called Aaby a “very famous” researcher on Joe Rogan’s podcast in 2023 and cited his work when he halted US funding to Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance. Stabell Benn served on the hepatitis B working group of the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and presented evidence before the committee voted to end the universal hepatitis B birth-dose recommendation. A federal judge subsequently stayed the decision.