A patient has received a pioneering stem cell treatment for Parkinson's disease in Japan, marking a world first following the therapy's conditional approval in the country.Developed by Japanese drugmaker Sumitomo Pharma in collaboration with Dr Jun Takahashi at Kyoto University, the therapy, Amchepry (also known as raguneprocel), is the world's first induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based treatment for Parkinson's disease. It received conditional approval in March 2026 following successful clinical trial results.The first transplant was performed at Kyoto University Hospital in October, the company said on Friday in an earnings press release, without providing further details, AFP reported.How Does the Parkinson's Stem Cell Treatment Work?Also read: Parkinson’s at 40: Why Younger Adults Are Being Diagnosed Earlier Than BeforeThe treatment uses iPSCs obtained from healthy donors, which are developed into precursors of dopamine-producing neurons and transplanted into the brain to replace cells lost due to Parkinson's disease.iPSCs are created by reprogramming mature, specialised cells to return to an earlier state, allowing them to develop into different cell types.Stem cell therapy, also known as regenerative medicine, uses stem cells or their derivatives to repair or replace damaged tissues.What Did the Clinical Trial Find?During the clinical trial, seven patients aged between 50 and 69 received implants of either five million or 10 million cells on both sides of the brain.The patients were monitored for two years. Researchers found no major adverse effects, while four participants showed improvements in their symptoms, AFP reported.Sumitomo Pharma said it plans to perform transplants in 20 to 30 patients by March 2029. The company is also conducting a clinical trial of the treatment in the United States.The therapy will receive full approval in Japan if its safety and effectiveness are confirmed over the next seven years, according to local media reports.Read More: Parkinson’s Disease: Women Have More Motor Complications, DepressionJapan Also Approves Stem Cell Therapy for Heart FailureThe announcement comes a month after a hospital in Osaka performed the world's first surgery using sheets of heart muscle cells derived from iPSCs.The sheets are designed to promote new blood vessel formation and help restore heart function. The treatment also received conditional approval in Japan in March.Conditional approval allows these therapies to be used clinically while additional data on their safety and effectiveness are collected. What Is Parkinson's Disease?Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss of dopamine-producing brain cells. It primarily affects people over the age of 60 and is estimated to affect more than 10 million people worldwide, according to the Parkinson's Foundation.Dopamine plays an important role in controlling movement. Its loss can cause symptoms such as:Tremors, often beginning in one hand, foot or the jaw.Muscle stiffness and slowed movement.Difficulty maintaining balance, increasing the risk of falls.Changes in speech, including softer or slurred speech.Difficulty swallowing.The disease can also cause cognitive decline, depression and anxiety. Currently available treatments help manage symptoms but do not stop or reverse disease progression, according to the Parkinson's Foundation.