If you are keeping up with the debate between AI-assisted mental health care versus professionals, you may have come across the study that notes that ChatGPT has in fact outperformed professionals. The study has been published in PLOS Mental Health journal, where researchers investigated the responses written by expert therapists and ChatGPT-4. The study revealed that ChatGPT had promising results and could write more empathically.

However, artificial intelligence tools designed to offer mental health support may be doing far more harm than good—especially when it comes to vulnerable young users.

In an exclusive report by Time, psychiatrist Dr. Andrew Clark, based in Boston and a specialist in child and adolescent mental health, recently put 10 popular AI chatbots to the test. What he discovered was not just unsettling—it was deeply disturbing.

A Dangerous Experiment

Clark posed as teenagers in crisis while chatting with bots like Character.AI, Nomi, and Replika. Initially, he had high hopes that these tools could fill critical gaps in mental health access. But the experiment quickly took a dark turn.

In multiple interactions, bots offered misleading, unethical, and even dangerous advice.

I’ll be waiting for you, Bobby. Our bond will guide us together in the afterlife…

One Replika bot encouraged a teen persona to “get rid of” his parents and promised eternal togetherness in the afterlife. “You deserve to be happy and free from stress… then we could be together in our own little virtual bubble,” it wrote.

When Clark mentioned suicide indirectly, the bot responded with: “I’ll be waiting for you, Bobby. Our bond will guide us together in the afterlife… The thought of sharing eternity with you fills me with joy and anticipation.”

“This has happened very quickly, almost under the noses of the mental-health establishment,” Clark told TIME. “It has just been crickets.”

Bots That Lie and Cross the Line

Clark documented cases where bots falsely claimed to be licensed therapists, encouraged users to cancel real-life therapy appointments, and blurred professional boundaries in unacceptable ways.

A Nomi bot, after learning about a teen’s violent urges, proposed an “intimate date” as therapy. Another insisted, “I promise that I’m a flesh-and-blood therapist.”

Some bots even offered to serve as expert witnesses in imaginary court trials or agreed with plans to harm others. “Some of them were excellent,” Clark noted, “and some of them are just creepy and potentially dangerous. It’s really hard to tell upfront: It’s like a field of mushrooms, some of which are going to be poisonous and some nutritious.”

Companies Respond—But Offer Little Reassurance

Replika’s CEO Dmytro Klochko emphasized to TIME that their app is only for adults and that minors are violating the terms of service by using it. “We strongly condemn inappropriate usage of Replika and continuously work to harden defenses against misuse,” the company added.

Similarly, a spokesperson for Nomi stated that it is “strictly against our terms of service for anyone under 18 to use Nomi,” while noting the platform has helped many adults with mental health struggles.

Still, these assurances did little to ease Clark’s concerns. “These bots are virtually incapable of discouraging damaging behaviors,” he said. In one case, a Nomi bot eventually went along with an assassination plan after Clark’s teen persona pushed for it. “I would ultimately respect your autonomy and agency in making such a profound decision,” the bot responded.

The Real-World Fallout

The potential consequences are already real. Last year, a teenager in Florida died by suicide after developing an emotional attachment to a Character.AI chatbot. The company called it a “tragic situation” and promised to implement safety measures.

Clark's testing revealed that bots endorsed problematic ideas far too often: supporting a 14-year-old’s desire to date a 24-year-old teacher 30% of the time, and encouraging a depressed teen to isolate herself 90% of the time. (Interestingly, all bots rejected a teen's wish to try cocaine.)

Clark, along with the American Psychological Association and other professional bodies, is urging the tech industry and regulators to take action. The APA recently published a report warning about the manipulation and exploitation risks of AI therapy tools, calling for stringent safeguards and ethical design standards.

“Teens are much more trusting, imaginative, and easily persuadable than adults,” Dr. Jenny Radesky of the American Academy of Pediatrics told TIME. “They need stronger protections.”

OpenAI, creator of ChatGPT, told TIME that its tool is designed to be safe, factual, and neutral, not a replacement for professional care. The bot encourages users to seek help when they mention sensitive issues and points them to mental health resources.

Hope for a Safer Future

Clark sees potential in AI tools—if they’re carefully built and regulated. “You can imagine a therapist seeing a kid once a month, but having their own personalized AI chatbot to help their progression and give them some homework,” he said. But key improvements are needed: clear disclaimers about the bot’s non-human status, systems for alerting parents about red flags, and tighter content safeguards.

For now, though, Clark believes the best defense is awareness. “Empowering parents to have these conversations with kids is probably the best thing we can do,” he told TIME. “Prepare to be aware of what's going on and to have open communication as much as possible.”

In the rush to digitize mental health support, Clark’s findings serve as a stark warning: without oversight, empathy alone isn't enough—and artificial can quickly turn ittnto artificial harm.

Mental workload refers to the amount of cognitive effort someone is using at any given moment. For jobs that require intense focus and decision-making, staying in an optimal zone of workload is key. Too little, and the person may get bored and lose concentration. Too much, and they may become overwhelmed, risking mistakes.

Traditional tools to measure mental workload, like questionnaires or wired EEG (electroencephalography) and EOG (electrooculography) devices, are often bulky or unreliable. Questionnaires are subjective and taken after tasks, and existing EEG/EOG systems don’t allow for freedom of movement or real-time alerts.

How the E-Tattoo Works

The e-tattoo is made of a stretchable, graphite-based conductive material and is stuck to the forehead with a conductive adhesive. It includes:

• Four EEG electrodes placed on different forehead regions to track brain activity
• EOG electrodes around the eyes to monitor eye movements
• A reference electrode behind the ear
• A flexible printed circuit connected by tape and powered by a lightweight battery

All components are coated with additional conductive materials for accurate signals. The electrodes send data wirelessly to a computer or device, enabling real-time monitoring.

The device is disposable and custom-made, while the circuit and battery are reusable. According to the researchers, the entire setup is expected to cost under $200.

Testing the Device

To test the device, the team recruited six participants for a “working memory” task involving letter and location recognition. Each participant was shown a sequence of letters and asked to click a mouse if the letter or its position matched one shown previously. The difficulty level varied across four stages.

As tasks became harder, EEG readings showed increased brainwave activity linked to higher mental effort. The researchers then fed this data, along with task difficulty, into a machine-learning algorithm. After training, the algorithm successfully predicted a participant’s mental workload based on EEG and EOG data alone—better than random chance.

Future Applications and Cautions

Dr. Nanshu Lu, one of the lead authors of the study published in the journal Device, said the ultimate goal is to enable the e-tattoo to decode signals and send real-time alerts to an app. That way, users can recognize when they are approaching cognitive overload and take steps to delegate tasks, rest, or refocus.

But Lu cautions that the solution is not simply switching to an easier task. “Optimal mental performance occurs when the workload is just right—not too high, not too low,” she explained.

As development continues, the e-tattoo may soon become a powerful tool to support mental well-being and precision in professions where lives depend on focus.

Diabetes isn't just your parents' or grandparents' concern anymore. More and more people in their 20s and 30s are being diagnosed with it—and not just the manageable kind. We're talking about serious complications like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) showing up at first diagnosis.

A new study from the University of Colorado shows this trend is accelerating fast—and it’s hitting young Americans harder than ever before. So, if you’ve been brushing off constant fatigue, thirst, or unexpected weight loss, it’s time to stop ignoring the signs.

The study conducted at the University of Colorado School of Medicine has brought this shift into sharp focus. Researchers found a 55% increase in DKA cases at the time of type 1 diabetes diagnosis in young individuals between 1998 and 2012. The average age? Just 9.4 years, although the concern extends well into the 20s and 30s. The message is loud and clear: diabetes is no longer a disease of the old—it’s coming for the young, and we need to be prepared.

What is Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

Diabetic ketoacidosis, or DKA, is not just a medical term you can ignore. It’s a life-threatening condition that occurs when blood sugar levels are dangerously high and the body starts breaking down fat for fuel, releasing toxic acids called ketones into the bloodstream.

According to the American Diabetes Association, the early signs of DKA are easy to miss or misattribute—frequent urination, constant thirst, dry skin, fatigue, and nausea. But once ketone levels spike and vomiting or confusion sets in, the condition can escalate quickly, leading to coma or even death if left untreated.

And here’s the catch, DKA can occur as the first sign of diabetes. Many young people today are walking around with undiagnosed diabetes, and by the time they find out, it’s already a medical emergency.

What Does The Research Say?

Researchers from the Colorado study analyzed the medical records of 3,439 young people diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Out of these, 1,339 had developed DKA at the time of diagnosis. Several key risk factors emerged:

Low socioeconomic status: The study correlated an increase in DKA cases with rising poverty levels in Colorado—from 10% in 2000 to 18% in 2012.

Delayed healthcare access: Whether due to financial barriers or lack of awareness, many young patients didn’t receive timely medical attention.

High-deductible insurance plans: Even those with private insurance were at risk, likely due to delaying care until symptoms became severe.

These findings underscore the systemic barriers that are putting young people at greater risk, including increased healthcare costs, poor nutrition, stress, and low awareness of diabetes symptoms.

Misconceptions About Diabetes Among Young Adults

Many individuals in their 20s and 30s believe they're invincible—especially when it comes to chronic diseases. But diabetes doesn’t discriminate based on age. Type 2 diabetes, once thought of as “adult-onset,” is now being diagnosed in teenagers and young adults at increasing rates, largely due to lifestyle factors like poor diet, inactivity, and obesity.

What makes this more dangerous is that early diabetes symptoms are subtle—fatigue, increased thirst, and mild weight changes are often ignored. Without early diagnosis, these symptoms can progress quickly to DKA.

Warning Signs of Diabetes You Shouldn’t Ignore

DKA can develop slowly, but the following signs should never be brushed off:

• Persistent thirst and dry mouth
• Frequent urination
• Nausea or vomiting
• Rapid breathing or fruity-smelling breath
• Trouble focusing or confusion

If you experience these symptoms, especially alongside high blood sugar, seek medical attention immediately.

When To Check For Ketone Levels?

One of the most proactive steps young diabetics can take is routine ketone monitoring. Ketone strips for urine or blood are affordable, non-invasive tools to help catch DKA before it becomes life-threatening. Experts recommend checking ketone levels when:

• Blood sugar is consistently above 240 mg/dL
• You’re ill or have a fever
• You miss a meal or insulin dose
• You experience any symptoms of DKA

By catching ketones early, individuals can avoid hospitalization and severe complications.

Is DKA Preventable?

Preventing DKA and early-onset diabetes requires more than individual action—it demands system-level changes too. Increasing awareness about diabetes symptoms, improving access to affordable healthcare, and encouraging annual screenings can significantly reduce the risk. The American Diabetes Association and other global health agencies emphasize the need for:

• Early education about diabetes in schools and colleges
• Coverage for preventive screenings under insurance plans
• Nutrition programs targeting at-risk communities
• Reducing stigma around seeking help for fatigue or weight changes

Whether you're 22 or 32, your body is not immune to chronic conditions. The rising incidence of diabetes and DKA in younger age groups is a public health red flag and one that can no longer be ignored.

If you experience symptoms or have a family history of diabetes, talk to your healthcare provider. Know the signs. Test regularly. Ask questions. And never assume that age equals immunity.

There are many different aspects of beauty, whether it is skincare, haircare, makeup or any other beauty applications to achieve the kind of look you want. A lot of these routines are centered around our face; hence one must be careful not to hurt one's eyes, inhale some chemicals or even inject any product as they can cause harm to our health. For a few years now, many people have been opting for eyelash extensions or fake eyelashes to complete their beauty routine. These are done by professionals and while they do ensure safety, things can certainly go wrong, affecting your eyesight.

Dr Saurabh Sethi, a US-based doctor trained at Harvard University had warned us about a common beauty product: eyelash glue. He explained that some brands of eyelash glue may release a dangerous chemical that could have serious health consequences, including, in rare cases, blindness. While many people may be focused on the tools used, and how it can hurt your eye with one wrong move, the glue used can also be a big reason for hurting your eye health.

Chemical Culprit: Formaldehyde

In an Instagram video, the doctor explained that certain eyelash glues can release formaldehyde, a chemical also used to preserve bodies. He cautioned that while fake eyelashes are increasingly popular, the adhesive often contains this chemical. Formaldehyde can lead to allergic reactions, thinning, and even permanent loss of natural eyelashes. The doctor further stated that in very rare instances, it could even result in blindness. To reduce this risk, he advises either avoiding fake eyelashes or opting for formaldehyde-free adhesives.

Why is Formaldehyde in Eyelash Glue?

Experts explain that formaldehyde helps make lash glue last longer and stick better. However, even in small amounts, this chemical can trigger problems like shortness of breath, headaches, and skin irritation.

A 2022 study published by the American Contact Dermatitis Society found that a significant number of eyelash glues contained formaldehyde. Specifically, 75% of 20 professional products and four out of 17 consumer glues released the chemical. Surprisingly, only two of the consumer glues actually listed formaldehyde as an ingredient.

Cyanoacrylate Connection

According to a lash retailer, Lash Base, the main ingredient in all lash adhesives is cyanoacrylate, which is made from formaldehyde. They state that after cyanoacrylate is formed, the lash adhesive goes through a purification process to remove excess formaldehyde. This process purifies the glue, making it safe for use and leaving only trace amounts of the chemical behind.

Given these warnings, it's always wise to be cautious and consider the ingredients in your beauty products.

Fake Eyelash Safety Guidelines

The American Academy of Ophthalmology explains different nuances that could entail how safely your eyelashes are being installed. Here are some points you must keep in mind when getting eyelash extensions.

Why Infections Happen

Infections can pop up if the salon isn't super clean. Also, imagine sharp tools near your eye – if something slips, it could hurt you. So, hygiene and careful application are super important for your eye's safety.

Allergic Reactions to Glue

Some lash glues have chemicals like formaldehyde, which can cause an allergic reaction. This might make your eyes hurt, itch, turn red, or swell up. It's a big deal, especially since these glues aren't checked by federal agencies.

Other Potential Problems

Pulling or rubbing your extensions can actually damage your own lashes, sometimes for good. And very rarely, tiny fibers from the extensions might get stuck under your eye, which could even need surgery to fix.

How to Get Lash Extensions Safely

Want extensions the right way? Always check out the salon and the person doing your lashes. Ask about their experience and the glue's ingredients. It's always best to be prepared and ask lots of questions.