Headache? Take a painkiller. Joint pain? Take another. For all of us, over-the-counter (OTC) painkillers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen are as much a part of daily life as a morning cup of coffee. They're fast, efficient, and appear harmless—who needs a prescription, anyway? But what if this blase dependence on painkillers is actually laying the groundwork for a much more devastating health emergency?

If that's your daily mantra, don't worry, you're in good company. In the age of instant gratification, all of us are turning to over-the-counter pain relievers as a quick fix for even mild pain. But what if this ostensibly innocuous habit is silently threatening your kidneys with a major health problem?

Painkillers, or analgesics, are usually a lifeline for individuals with chronic or severe pain. From recovery from surgery and migraines to arthritis and menstrual cramps, these drugs offer relief that ensures our quality of life is not drastically reduced. But beneath the pain relief lies a surprising question: whether the overuse of these drugs may exact too high a price-kidney damage and even kidney cancer.

Dr. Aditya Punamiya, a GI, HPB, and Gynecologic Oncosurgery Consultant, cautions, "The long-term and uncontrolled use of over-the-counter painkillers is emerging as an under-diagnosed but serious risk factor for kidney cancer." Dr Punamiya observations reveal an alarming pattern, numerous patients self-medicate for chronic pains—headaches, joint pains, or back pain—unaware of the additive damage to the kidneys.

Why We Turn to Painkillers So Easily?

Pain is a biological alarm system. Helpful in warning us of injury or sickness, chronic pain can strongly interfere with our functioning on a daily basis. To counter this, painkillers provide a feeling of control and comfort. For acute on-demand pain and chronic inflammatory diseases, drugs like NSAIDs and acetaminophen are not only handy but effective as well.

Sadly, the very ease of use of these drugs has led to their misuse. Painkillers are increasingly being consumed without medical supervision, particularly in nations such as India where OTC availability is prevalent but even within well-regulated economies such as the U.S., long-term use has become an undercurrent of an epidemic.

What Are The Types of Painkillers?

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): Good for fever and light pain, but hepatotoxicity is a serious issue above moderate doses.

NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs): Contains ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac. These are useful for pain that is inflammation-related but have gastrointestinal and renal toxicity with long-term use.

Prescription Painkillers

Opioids (Tramadol, Morphine, Oxycodone): For severe pain only but pose the risk of respiratory depression, addiction, and endocrine disruption.

Topical and Alternative Therapies

Topical creams and patches containing drugs such as menthol or capsaicin are localized treatments with fewer systemic hazards.

How Do these Drugs Harm the Kidneys?

How do such drugs damage the kidneys? Dr. Punamiya clarifies, "Drugs such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, and naproxen, if taken in excess, can harm the kidneys in two ways. One, they weaken the kidneys' function to filter blood by cutting off blood supply. Two, they cause chronic interstitial nephritis over time, scarring kidney tissues." This scarring provides a fertile ground for RCC to grow.

The kidneys, essential organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, are especially susceptible to chronic exposure to NSAIDs and acetaminophen. Acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and, in severe cases, kidney failure can result from excessive use of these compounds. The transition to kidney cancer is not as sudden but equally alarming, since the cumulative insult changes cellular mechanisms, possibly initiating malignant growth.

A landmark meta-analysis by Toni K Choueiri, Youjin Je, and Eunyoung Cho has again highlighted the relationship between chronic painkiller use and renal cell carcinoma (RCC)—the leading form of kidney cancer.

Non-Aspirin NSAIDs: Chronic use was linked to a 25% enhancement in the risk of RCC. Heavy consumption increased that threat by 56%, long-term consumption for more than 10 years especially concerning for women.

Acetaminophen: Associated with a 21% heightened risk of kidney cancer. Heavy users who took high doses saw their risk rise by 66%.

Aspirin: While most U.S.-based research found no conclusive link, some research from other countries suggested a connection, possibly due to regional variation in formulation or consumption habits.

Why Kidney Cancer Is a Silent Threat?

Kidney cancer is especially stealthy since it usually presents late without any symptoms. "Flank pain, hematuria and weight loss are typically late presentations," states Dr. Punamiya. For patients such as Sarah, who might have been taking painkillers for years, these signs may only manifest by the time cancer has metastasized, and so treatment is less effective.

Risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity increase the risk, particularly in individuals with previous long-term analgesic use. Women also have an increased risk with non-aspirin NSAIDs, possibly because of hormonal or metabolic variation, although further work is required to explain this difference. He describes two principal mechanisms:

Decreased Renal Blood Flow: NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandins, decreasing kidney blood flow and compromising kidney filtration capability.

Chronic Interstitial Nephritis: Long-term NSAID use leads to fibrosis and inflammation of kidney tissue, setting the stage for RCC.

"Most patients self-treat for headaches or joint pain without knowing they're gradually driving their kidneys towards failure," he adds.

Why Early Detection Of Kidney Cancer Symptoms is Difficult?

Kidney cancer is infamous for its asymptomatic nature in the early stages. By the time symptoms such as pain in the flank, hematuria (urine containing blood), or unexplained weight loss appear, the disease is usually advanced. Patients with pre-existing risk factors—such as smoking, hypertension, and diabetes—and with a history of analgesic abuse are particularly susceptible.

Dr. Punamiya advises individuals to consult a doctor for ongoing pain rather than resorting to self-medication. "Routine screening and preventive caution are necessary, especially for vulnerable groups," he points out.

What Are Ways You Can Manage Pain Management Smartly?

Not every use of painkillers is risky. "Short-term, doctor-monitored use is generally safe," says Dr. Punamiya. The trick is not entering into uncontrolled, long-term use. Here's how to handle pain more safely:

Consult a Healthcare Provider

For long-term pain, consult a professional to treat the underlying condition, whether arthritis, neuropathy, or migraines. A customized treatment plan can minimize painkiller dependency.

Try Non-Drug Options

Physical therapy, acupuncture, yoga, and cognitive-behavioral therapy can treat chronic pain without medication risks. For sudden pain, ice, heat, or rest may be enough.

Use Painkillers Wisely

Follow instructions on dosing and avoid prolonged use outside of medical guidance. For NSAIDs, eat food when taking to reduce stomach discomfort, and drink enough fluids to aid kidney function.

Take Precautions

Encourage regular health screening for early detection of kidney problems, particularly among high-risk groups. Dr. Punamiya urges "preventive vigilance" with follow-up visits and attention to early signs such as blood in the urine or recurrent flank pain.

Lifestyle Matters

A balanced diet, exercise, and weight control can cut pain from conditions such as arthritis while reducing kidney cancer risk factors such as obesity and high blood pressure.

There may be the temptation to cover up pain instead of comprehending its cause but swallowing a pill with a glass of water can be an instant solution that might come at a price of long-term health. The growing body of evidence linking commonly used painkillers to kidney cancer is a call for informed, cautious use. As more people take their health into their own hands, the importance of education, medical guidance, and moderation cannot be overstated.

Dr. Aditya Punamiya is a Consultant GI, HPB & Gynec Onsosurgery at HCG Cancer Centre, Borivali in India

Norovirus appears to be increasing after a 57 percent jump in hospital admissions linked to the sickness bug last week. Figures from the NHS show that an average of 567 hospital beds were occupied each day by patients suffering from diarrhoea and vomiting. Although this number remains well below last winter’s peak, the sudden rise over just one week has raised concerns that norovirus infections could soon climb further.

Experts believe the return of children to school and more indoor contact following the Christmas break may be helping the virus spread.

Why Does Norovirus Spread So Easily?

Jason Murphy, head of pharmacy at Chemist4U, as per The Mirror, said the virus is often underestimated. “Norovirus spreads far more easily than people realise. Even a very small amount can make you ill, and it can stay on surfaces for several days. As cases continue to climb, it’s important to move beyond basic hygiene and take more focused steps to protect yourself and others. Many people think norovirus is a short-lived illness, but it’s very persistent and passes on easily.”

Murphy added that pharmacists tend to approach norovirus from two angles. “We focus on stopping it from spreading and on helping the body cope while the infection passes. There’s no treatment that kills the virus itself, but there are ways to ease symptoms and lower the risk of problems like dehydration.”

Advice To Prevent The Spread Of Norovirus

Treat it as a hard-to-kill infection – Norovirus is classed as a non-enveloped virus, which means alcohol hand gels and many everyday cleaners do not work against it. Washing hands with soap and warm water removes the virus physically, while bleach can neutralise it on surfaces.

Use the right cleaning products – Choose disinfectants that clearly state they are virucidal or effective against non-enveloped viruses. If this is not mentioned, the product is unlikely to kill norovirus.

Get bleach dilution right – Bleach needs to be mixed correctly. If it is too diluted, it will not kill the virus. If it is too strong, it can irritate the skin and lungs. Always ventilate the room well and follow the instructions on the label.

Treat vomiting as contamination – In healthcare settings, vomiting is handled as a form of airborne exposure. Clean beyond the visible mess, air out the space properly, and assume nearby soft furnishings may also be contaminated.

Create isolation at home – If possible, give the unwell person their own bathroom, towels, and bin. This mirrors hospital infection control measures and helps limit the spread to others.

How To Ease Norovirus Symptoms?

Focus on rehydration – Dehydration is the most serious risk linked to norovirus. Electrolyte drinks are more effective than water alone because they replace lost salts as well as fluids.

Take fluids slowly – Sip small amounts every five to ten minutes instead of drinking large volumes at once. This helps reduce vomiting and allows the body to absorb fluids better.

Pain relief – Once fluids are staying down, paracetamol is the safest option for fever, headaches, and muscle aches. Ibuprofen should be avoided if you are dehydrated or vomiting frequently, as it can irritate the stomach and strain the kidneys.

Be careful with anti-diarrhoea medicines – Drugs such as loperamide can slow diarrhoea, but this is not always advised because diarrhoea helps flush the virus out. These medicines may be used briefly in specific situations, such as essential travel, but should not be given to children or used if there is a fever or blood in the stool.

Help with nausea – For severe sickness, a pharmacist can recommend anti-nausea treatments. If vomiting continues, a GP may prescribe medication to help control symptoms so fluids can be kept down.

Eat gently when ready – Once your appetite comes back, start with plain foods like toast, crackers, bananas, or rice. Avoid rich, spicy, or dairy-heavy foods until you feel better.

Rest as part of recovery – The immune system clears norovirus on its own. Getting enough rest supports recovery and helps prevent further complications.

The takeaway coffee cup in your hand may be releasing a sea of microplastics into your body every time you take a sip, a new study reveals.

Microplastics are essentially fragments of plastic that are between 1 nanometer and 5 millimetres wide and can found in water, soil and the air. Experts estimate that about 2.7 million tonnes of microplastics seeped into the environment in 2020, an estimate expected to double by 2040.

These fragments carry toxic chemicals and can disrupt internal biological processes, leading to inflammation, cell death, organ dysfunction, heart attacks and reproductive issues in humans. Scientists have also found links between microplastics and cancer.

While researchers have long claimed that microplastics can enter the human body through contaminated food and water, a new Australian study suggests it can also enter through hot coffee cups.

Why Are Plastic Coffee Cups Dangerous?

Xiangyu Liu, study co-author and research fellow at School of Environment and Science and Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, said this was due to heat.

The team conducted a a meta-analysis on existing research and analyzed data from 30 peer-reviewed studies. During this time, they focused on how common plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene behave under different conditions, primarily temperature.

As the temperature of the liquid inside a container increased they noticed that the release of microplastics generally increases too. In the studies reviewed, reported releases ranged from a few hundred particles to more than 8 million particles per litre, depending on the material and study design.

Interestingly, 'soaking time' or the amount of time the drink sits in the cup was not a consistent driver, suggesting that leaving a hot drink in a plastic cup for a long time is not as important as the initial temperature of the liquid when it first hits the plastic.

After testing nearly 400 different cups, they found that if someone drinks '300 millilitres of coffee in a cup made of polyethylene per day, they could ingest 363,000 pieces of microplastic particles every year', according to Liu

What Can Be Done To Reduce Risks?

The team recommends using a reusable cup made of stainless steel, ceramic, or glass, as these materials do not shed microplastics for hot drinks. If you must use a disposable cup, its is better to drink out of a plastic-lined paper cup as they shed fewer particles than pure plastic cups, though neither is microplastic free.

They also advise not pouring putting boiling liquids directly into plastic-lined containers. Telling the barista to make your morning coffee slightly cooler before it hits the cup can reduce the physical stress on the plastic lining and lower overall exposure.

A dangerous, drug-resistant fungus has infected more than 7,000 people across 27 US states, including Mississippi, in 2025, federal health data shows. The infection, known as Candida auris, is classified as an “emerging infectious disease,” after doctors and public health experts noted a steady rise in cases since 2019, according to specialists at the Cleveland Clinic.

As of December 20, Mississippi had reported 108 cases of the fungal infection, based on figures from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Here is what you need to know about Candida auris cases in Mississippi.

What Is Candida Auris?

Treating it is challenging because the organism can adapt to medications meant to eliminate it, health experts note. C. auris mainly affects people with serious underlying health problems and those using invasive medical devices such as ventilators, feeding tubes, or catheters, according to the CDC.

The fungus spreads through contact with contaminated surfaces and objects and can remain on a person’s skin or other body areas even when no symptoms are present. Experts say healthcare workers and visitors are not considered at risk of becoming infected.

Candida Auris: What Are The Symptoms?

Symptoms of Candida auris are not always noticeable, but when they do appear, they may include the following, according to the Cleveland Clinic:

• Ear infections
• Wound infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Blood infections that spread throughout the body

Candida Auris: How Can It Be Prevented?

• Regular hand hygiene using alcohol-based hand sanitizer
• Isolating patients who test positive for C. auris
• Frequent and thorough cleaning of patient rooms
• Using gloves and gowns while providing care
• Ensuring visitors clean their hands with soap and water or alcohol-based sanitizer

Which US States Have Reported Cases Of Candida Auris?

According to CDC data as of December 20, cases have been reported in the following states:

• Pennsylvania
• Illinois
• Indiana
• Michigan
• Ohio
• Wisconsin
• Iowa
• Kansas
• Delaware
• Georgia
• Maryland
• North Carolina
• Virginia
• West Virginia
• Kentucky
• Mississippi
• Tennessee
• Louisiana
• Texas
• Arizona
• Colorado
• Montana
• Nevada
• Utah
• Wyoming
• California
• Oregon

Drug Resistance For Candida Auris Grows

Candida auris, often referred to as a “superbug fungus,” is continuing to spread worldwide and is becoming increasingly resistant to both antifungal drugs and the human immune response, researchers at the Hackensack Meridian Center for Discovery and Innovation said in a review published in early December.

The findings support earlier CDC warnings that labeled C. auris an “urgent antimicrobial threat,” making it the first fungal pathogen to receive that classification, as case numbers have climbed sharply in the United States, especially in hospitals and long-term care facilities.

The review, published in the journal Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, explains why the fungus is so difficult to control and highlights how outdated testing methods and limited treatment options have failed to keep pace. The research was led by Dr. Neeraj Chauhan of Hackensack Meridian CDI in New Jersey, Dr. Anuradha Chowdhary from the University of Delhi’s Medical Mycology Unit, and Dr. Michail Lionakis, head of the clinical mycology program at the National Institutes of Health.

In their statement, reported by Fox News, the researchers emphasized the urgent need to develop new antifungal drugs with broad effectiveness, improve diagnostic tools, and explore immune-based and vaccine-related treatments to better protect high-risk patients.