Potatoes are the quiet chameleons of the culinary world. They slip onto our plates in every possible form—creamy mashed with gravy, golden fries next to a burger, baked with a dollop of sour cream, or tossed into a chilled potato salad. They’re inexpensive, easy to grow, and endlessly adaptable, which is why they’ve long been a staple in homes across the United States and beyond but not all potatoes are created equal when it comes to health—especially when it comes to how they affect your blood sugar. The difference can come down to how they’re cooked, cooled, and the amount of resistant starch they hold.

There was a time when fresh potatoes were served at dinner almost daily in the average American household. Over the past few decades, though, their popularity has declined while processed potato products—French fries, chips, frozen wedges—have taken center stage.

Health experts often point out that despite technically being a vegetable, potatoes shouldn’t always be counted in the same category as leafy greens or cruciferous vegetables when building a balanced plate. The reasoning is simple: their nutrient profile is different, with less fiber and fewer micronutrients per calorie than vegetables like spinach or broccoli.

A medium potato with its skin intact provides about 2–3 grams of fiber and around 600 mg of potassium. But here’s the catch—boiling and other wet cooking methods cause some potassium to leach out. That’s why preparation matters.

Potatoes are rich in carbohydrates, mostly in the form of starch. The main type, amylopectin, breaks down quickly into glucose, causing a spike in blood sugar—a hallmark of foods with a high glycemic index. That’s why mashed potatoes or fries can cause a sharper blood sugar rise than, say, lentils or quinoa.

There’s also amylose, a type of starch that digests more slowly. The starches that resist digestion—appropriately named resistant starch—act more like dietary fiber, passing through the small intestine undigested and reaching the large intestine where they feed beneficial gut bacteria. Here’s where the cooking method comes in:

Baking and microwaving potatoes generally preserve more resistant starch than boiling.

Boiling, then cooling potatoes, significantly increases their resistant starch content.

New or young potatoes, harvested before full maturity, naturally have more amylose than older, fully mature potatoes.

Why Cooling Changes the Effect Potatoes Have On Our Health?

When a potato is boiled, its starch granules gelatinize, making them more digestible. But if you allow the potato to cool completely—like you would for a potato salad—some of those gelatinized starches reorganize into a crystalline form that resists digestion. This process, known as retrogradation, increases the amount of resistant starch.

This means that the same potato can have a lower glycemic index when eaten cold compared to hot. Lower glycemic index foods cause a slower, steadier rise in blood sugar, which may help reduce spikes that contribute to insulin resistance over time.

Benefits of Resistant Starch Beyond Blood Sugar

Resistant starch doesn’t just help flatten your post-meal blood sugar curve—it has a ripple effect across several aspects of health:

Gut health – Acts as a prebiotic, feeding beneficial bacteria in the colon.

Short-chain fatty acids – Fermentation of resistant starch produces compounds like butyrate, which support colon health and may protect against digestive disorders.

Inflammation – Potentially reduces gut inflammation by improving barrier function.

Metabolic health – Studies suggest improved insulin sensitivity and reduced fasting blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes and obesity.

In a review of 15 clinical trials, participants consuming around 30–40 grams of resistant starch daily had lower fasting blood sugar levels, while just 10 grams a day lowered fasting insulin levels.

Potatoes vs. Whole Grains

Potatoes are often served in the same role as bread or rice—a starchy base for a meal. But nutritionally, swapping potatoes for whole grains can be a healthier choice in many cases. Whole grains consistently show stronger links to lower risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and overall mortality.

This doesn’t mean potatoes are off-limits. It simply means portion size, preparation, and what you serve them with matters. Pairing them with healthy fats like olive oil instead of butter, and alongside lean proteins and vegetables, can make a big difference in the meal’s overall health profile.

Why The Role of Serving Style Is Essential?

Potatoes are naturally fat-free until we add oils, butter, cream, or deep-fry them. That’s where the calorie count and saturated fat can skyrocket. Fries with burgers, creamy mashed potatoes with meatloaf—these combinations tend to overload on calories and unhealthy fats.

On the flip side, cold potato salad dressed with extra-virgin olive oil and vinegar, paired with leafy greens and grilled fish, can be a far healthier (and more blood sugar-friendly) way to enjoy them.

Where Else to Find Resistant Starch In Your Diet?

If you’re looking to increase your resistant starch intake, potatoes are just one option. Other sources include:

• Legumes like lentils, chickpeas, and kidney beans
• Whole grains such as barley and oats
• Firm (less ripe) bananas
• Seeds and nuts
• Cooked and cooled pasta or rice

Potatoes can absolutely have a place in a healthy diet—but how you prepare and eat them matters. Cooling boiled potatoes before eating boosts their resistant starch, which can lower their glycemic index and potentially benefit gut health and blood sugar control.

Air pollution is one of the leading environmental threats to health, affecting millions of people worldwide. Tiny airborne particles, known as PM2.5, are released by vehicles, factories, and other sources, and can penetrate deep into the lungs, causing inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent research from the University of Leicester highlights a simple yet effective way to support lung health amid these environmental pressures: eating more fruit.

The study, which analyzed data from over 200,000 participants in the UK Biobank, found that women who consumed four or more portions of fruit daily had smaller reductions in lung function when exposed to PM2.5, compared with those who ate less fruit. The effect was attributed to the natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds in fruits, which can help counteract the harmful impact of air pollution.

How Fruit Helps Your Lungs

Sarah Sleet, chief executive of the charity Asthma + Lung UK, explained that a high-fruit diet can maintain lung function and may help protect against environmental pollutants. She also emphasized that unequal access to healthy foods remains a barrier, with economically disadvantaged communities and certain ethnic groups often experiencing higher exposure to pollution.

Fruits Available in Your Kitchen To Help Your LungsYou don’t need exotic or expensive superfoods, common fruits in your kitchen can provide lung-protective benefits. Some of the most effective include:

• Apples: High in fiber and vitamin C, apples can improve overall respiratory health.
• Oranges and Citrus Fruits: These fruits are loaded with antioxidants that fight inflammation in the lungs.
• Berries (Strawberries, Blueberries, Raspberries): Packed with flavonoids and polyphenols, berries help neutralize oxidative stress caused by pollutants.
• Bananas: Containing potassium and vitamin B6, bananas help maintain energy and lung function.
• Grapes: Rich in resveratrol and other antioxidants, grapes may offer protection against lung damage.

Who Benefits Most

Professor Sara De Matteis, chairwoman of the European Respiratory Society’s expert group on occupational and environmental health, noted that promoting fruit and plant-rich diets from an early age can contribute to better long-term lung health.

Adding fruit to your daily meals is an easy, accessible, and delicious way to support lung health. While it cannot fully eliminate the risks associated with air pollution, a diet rich in apples, berries, citrus fruits, bananas, and grapes can reduce the impact of pollutants and help maintain lung function. For the best results, pair a high-fruit diet with other healthy lifestyle habits, such as regular exercise, adequate hydration, and minimizing exposure to polluted environments.

Dr. Dominik Nischwitz, a dentist based in Germany, highlights on his Instagram that organ meats like liver are a nutrient-dense food, calling them "nature's multivitamin via real food," and suggests that eating organs was historically "prized & classed as a real luxury". His perspective aligns with how predators in the wild often prioritize organs like the brain, heart, and bone marrow over muscle meat.

A key reason for this prioritization is the immense concentration of nutrients in organs, which are essential for running "EVERY biochemical process in the human body especially your metabolism".

He has also posted on his Instagram @drdome1, comparing chicken liver with chicken breast. The post noted that chicken breast has 165cals per 100grams, while liver has 167cals per 100grams. However, the chicken breast has 0% vitamin A, 0% vitamin C, 1% folate, and 6% vitamin B12. Whereas, he noted that chicken liver has 267% vitamin A, 47% vitamin C, 144% folate, and 281% vitamin B12.

Chicken Liver's Vitamin Powerhouse

Chicken liver is significantly richer in numerous vitamins compared to chicken breast, offering a high percentage of the daily value (DV) for several B vitamins and Vitamin A.

Vitamin B12: Chicken liver has a massive amount of Vitamin B12, providing 675% more of the daily needs compared to chicken breast. Per 100 grams, chicken liver contains 16.58 μg of Vitamin B12, while chicken breast only has 0.37 μg.

Vitamin A: Chicken liver is an exceptional source of Vitamin A, containing 482 times more than chicken breast. Per 100 grams, chicken liver has 11,078 IU of Vitamin A, compared to 23 IU in chicken breast. This high content is necessary for various processes in the body, including those that regulate metabolism.

Other B Vitamins and Folate: The liver is loaded with all B vitamins. Specifically, per 100 grams, chicken liver has more Vitamin B2 (1.778 mg vs. 0.125 mg), Vitamin B5 (6.233 mg vs. 1.04 mg), and Folate (588 μg vs. 4 μg). These are crucial, for example, with B2 helping make FAD for fatty acid utilization, and B3 needed to make NAD+.

While chicken liver excels in these vitamins, the one exception is Vitamin B3, which chicken breast is richer in.

Essential Mineral Content

In addition to vitamins, chicken liver is a standout source of key minerals.

Iron: Chicken liver contains 8.99 mg of Iron per 100 grams, which is significantly more than chicken breast's 1.14 mg. This represents a 688.6% increase in Iron content for the liver.

Copper and Selenium: The liver is an excellent source of Copper. Chicken liver has 0.492 mg of Copper, substantially more than the 0.054 mg in chicken breast. It also contains more Selenium (54.6 μg vs. 26.2 μg). The presence of copper is important for how the body handles oxygen.

Zinc and Manganese: Compared to chicken breast, chicken liver is richer in Zinc and Manganese, showing a 147.2% and 1114.3% increase, respectively, in these minerals.

Fats and Cholesterol: Although chicken liver has more beneficial nutrients, it also contains more Cholesterol (345 mg per 100g) than chicken breast (91 mg per 100g).

Protein, Calorie, and Misconception Facts

While chicken breast is generally a better source of protein (33.44 g vs. 16.92 g per 100g), chicken liver is still considered a "VERY good source of protein" and is "VERY cost effective". Calorie content is very similar, with raw chicken liver at 119 kcal per 100g and cooked chicken breast at 187 kcal per 100g.

The notion that liver stores toxins is a "bogus claim." In a healthy animal, the liver's function is to transport and remove toxins from circulation, moving them to "less important and energetic tissue such as adipocytes (fat cells)". Historically, humans consumed the whole bird or animal, including the carcass for bone broth, indicating a shift in modern eating habits toward only muscle meat like chicken breast.

In recent years, vegetarian diets have grown in popularity as more people turn to plant-based options to replace animal protein. Since meat is a key source of protein, vegetarians often look to alternatives such as soya chunks, which are widely marketed as high-protein, low-fat substitutes.

Soy has always been a controversial topic in nutrition. Research suggests it may offer benefits like better heart health, improved blood sugar control, reduced menopause symptoms, and possibly lower cancer risk. At the same time, many experts have raised concerns about its safety and long-term impact.

What Are Soya Chunks?Soya chunks, also known as textured vegetable protein, are made from defatted soy flour. Their meaty texture and protein content make them a popular choice in curries, stir-fries, soups, and even as a filling in tacos and burgers. For many vegetarians and vegans, they have become a convenient source of protein.

Are Soya Chunks Good for Gut Health?

“These soy nuggets are industrially processed and often contain 80 to 90 percent refined flour,” Tanisha explained. “Instead of getting quality protein, you’re consuming empty calories that spike blood sugar, disrupt hormonal balance, and fuel inflammation.”

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She further highlighted that such ultra-processed soy products damage gut health rather than support it. In her words, “I do not recommend soy in any way or form because they contain anti-nutrients that block the absorption of essential vitamins and minerals.”

Healthier Alternatives to Soya Chunks

• Peas
• Mushrooms
• Spirulina
• Organic tempeh
• Vegan pea protein
• Quality vegan protein shakes
• Whole grains like quinoa and amaranth (with peas for added protein)
• Chia puddings fortified with vegan protein
• Nuts, seeds, and almond butter

Do Soy Chunks Also Offer Health Benefits?Soy-rich diets have been studied for several possible health benefits. Research shows that soy protein may modestly reduce LDL or “bad” cholesterol while raising HDL or “good” cholesterol. For instance, reviews suggest that consuming around 25 grams of soy protein daily could lower cholesterol by about 2–3 percent, with greater impact when soy replaces animal protein. Minimally processed options such as tofu, tempeh, soybeans, and edamame appear to be more effective than highly processed products or supplements.

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Soy foods may also support heart health. Isoflavones found in soy are believed to reduce inflammation in blood vessels and improve their flexibility, lowering the risk of heart disease and stroke. Some studies even link soy consumption to a 15 percent lower risk of death from heart disease.

In terms of blood pressure, soy is rich in arginine and isoflavones, compounds that may help reduce levels slightly, particularly in people with hypertension. Similarly, soy isoflavones have been tied to modest improvements in blood sugar control and insulin sensitivity, especially among menopausal women and those with type 2 diabetes.

Finally, soy may influence fertility. Some research suggests improved outcomes in women undergoing fertility treatments, though other studies note potential hormonal effects at higher isoflavone intakes.