Illegal horse trade across the US-Mexico border are raising fresh concerns among US officials and ranchers as the country tries to contain the spread of New World screwworm, a flesh-eating parasite that can cause severe and possibly fatal wounds in animals.According to Reuters, horses and other animals are continuing to cross the border outside regulated channels, bypassing veterinary inspections designed to detect diseases and parasites. There is no confirmed link between individual smuggled horses and specific screwworm cases, but experts warn that uncontrolled animal movement creates a gap. What Is New World Screwworm?New World screwworm, scientifically known as Cochliomyia hominivorax, is a parasitic fly whose larvae burrow into the flesh of living animals.Unlike ordinary maggots that generally feed on dead tissue, screwworm larvae feed on living tissue, creating wounds that can become severe as more larvae develop. The parasite can infest cattle, horses, pets and wildlife and, more rarely, humans. An untreated infestation can cause serious tissue damage and death.The US had previously eradicated the parasite through a decades-long campaign involving the release of sterilised male flies. But New World screwworm has been moving northward through Mexico and is now threatening US livestock again.Also read: Wegovy & Zepbound Are Not Approved By US FDA For Children Under 12: So Why Are Prescriptions Rising?Smuggled Horses Are A ConcernAnimals entering the US through legal channels undergo veterinary checks and must meet health requirements. Smuggled animals can bypass those safeguards.Reuters reported that authorities in Presidio County, Texas, have intercepted more than 50 smuggled horses over two years. Some were reportedly moved through remote areas along the Texas-Mexico border, making them difficult to monitor.That matters because an infected animal can potentially carry screwworm larvae or adult flies into new areas.USDA officials have described animal trafficking as a biosecurity concern. However, authorities have not established that illegally transported horses are responsible for particular screwworm infections in the US.Also read: Psychedelic Compound Found In 'Magic Mushrooms' May Help Prevent Painful Chemotherapy Side Effects, Study Finds Why Is The US Worried About Screwworm Again? The parasite was previously eliminated from the US, making its recent return a major agricultural concern.The USDA says New World screwworm is a devastating pest capable of causing serious, often deadly damage to livestock. It can also affect pets, wildlife and, in rare circumstances, people. The economic consequences include potential damage from a major Texas outbreak at up to $1.8 billion, reflecting losses to livestock and related industries. The threat comes as the US is also navigating the difficult balance between controlling screwworm and maintaining livestock trade with Mexico.In August, the US began a phased reopening of Mexican cattle imports after a more than year-long suspension linked to the screwworm threat. Mexico has simultaneously been releasing sterile flies and other containment efforts along its northern border. How Is The US Trying To Stop It?One of the main tools is the sterile insect technique. Large numbers of male screwworm flies are sterilised and released into affected areas. When they mate with wild females, they produce no viable offspring, helping reduce the population.As of September 4, the agency said the current risk to animals and people in the US remained very low, and stressed that screwworm is not a food-safety issue. But illegal animal trade complicates those efforts.