Cordyceps, a genus of parasitic fungi that thrive on insect larvae, has long been a staple in traditional Chinese medicine. They have not only been used to combat fatigue but also kidney disorders and even low libido. These fungi invade their host, replacing its tissue and sprouting elongated stems from the host's body. While Cordyceps contain bioactive compounds believed to benefit health, scientific research—especially human studies—is still in its early stages. Regardless, supplements containing Cordyceps extract have surged in popularity in today's world.

What's Really Special About Cordyceps?

Cordyceps may enhance the body's production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule critical for energy delivery to muscles. This could improve oxygen utilization, particularly during exercise. There are various studies that testify to this, In 2020, a study was conducted on mice which indicated that Cordyceps extract slightly increased grip strength, likely due to enhanced ATP production.

Anti-Aging and Skin Health

Cordyceps contains polyphenols, an antioxidant which neutralises free radicals that contribute to ageing and disease. A 2024 study, which included laboratory tests and a clinical trial with 40 participants, found that Cordyceps extract exhibited adaptogenic properties, helping the body cope with stress while promoting collagen production in the skin. While this suggests potential benefits for longevity and skin health, previous studies have primarily involved animals, making further human research necessary.

Potential Anti-Cancer Properties

Test-tube studies have shown that these fungi may inhibit the growth of various human cancer cells, including in the lungs, colon, skin, and liver. A recent study conducted on mice suggested that Cordyceps may have anti-tumour effects on leukaemia, breast cancer, and lung cancer.

Diabetes and Cholesterol Management

Studies on diabetic mice suggest that Cordyceps may help lower blood sugar and lipid levels, potentially aiding in the management of diabetes and atherosclerosis. Lipid levels indicate the amount of fat, including cholesterol, in your blood. A recent research paper, published in Journal Of Korean Medicine, concluded that "Cordyceps militaris extract has more positive effects than metformin on body weight, insulin resistance, sugar metabolism, fatty liver, and inflammation in diabetic mice. It also has a similar positive effect as metformin on blood lipid concentration and liver damage. This suggests the potential of diabetes management in Cordyceps militaris extract."

Boost To Heart Health

Cordyceps may contribute to cardiovascular health by reducing oxidative stress, which can lead to heart enlargement. A 2019 study on mice found that Cordyceps helped prevent cardiac hypertrophy, possibly due to its adenosine content, a compound known for heart-protective properties. Additionally, Cordyceps may help regulate blood fats like triglycerides, potentially reducing heart disease risk.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects

While short-term inflammation plays a crucial role in healing, chronic inflammation can contribute to various diseases. Research from 2020 suggests that Cordyceps may suppress inflammatory proteins in human cells. Additionally, animal studies have shown potential benefits in reducing inflammation related to arthritis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. However, human studies are lacking in this area.

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For most people who are battling obesity, the road to losing weight is a long, complicated road that is riddled with confusion, deprivation, and fear of not succeeding. But for Donna McCaulsky, a 50-year-old South East London civil servant, one crucial decision changed everything—turning down weight loss surgery and opting instead for a managed meal plan that saw her lose an astonishing 83 pounds. Her choice to go on the 1:1 Diet, or Cambridge Diet, not only transformed her body but transformed her life. She now labels the experience as "surreal," and says she feels as though she's "walking on air."

McCaulsky was told in 2020 that she should have gastric sleeve surgery following a crisis Body Mass Index (BMI) of 60.1—a indicator of severe obesity. By 2022, she weighed 350 pounds because of continued snacking, exacerbated by long-standing insomnia, an autoimmune disorder, and heightened appetite brought about by the use of steroids over a long period of time. The physical cost was augmented by mental fatigue and a rising hopelessness. But rather than giving in to going under the knife, she took time out to consider other alternatives.

"I knew I had to regain control of my health," McCaulsky says to PA Real Life. "But I was terrified of the side effects of surgery. I just wanted to try something natural, something I could commit to in the long term."

That's when she discovered the 1:1 Diet by Cambridge Weight Plan—a meal-replacement, low-calorie diet that assigns participants a personal consultant for weekly check-ins and support.

What Is the 1:1 Diet?

Initially called the Cambridge Diet, the 1:1 Diet is a medically developed, calorie-restricted weight-reduction programme created in the 1980s and since rebranded to stress the "one-to-one" guidance factor. It involves using specially designed meal replacement foods like shakes, soups, smoothies, and savory alternatives like pasta meals and rice meals. These are supplemented with the nutrients necessary for everyday health—maintaining that dieters shed pounds without sacrificing nutrition.

The daily caloric intake may range from a low of 415 to 1,500 calories based on stage and goal of the individual. The formal plan has six specific stages—from a severe weight-reduction stage through to a maintenance stage.

But what truly sets this diet apart is the integrated accountability system: every dieter is assigned a certified consultant who provides weekly one-on-one meetings. These sessions ensure motivation remains high, address obstacles, and customize the plan as results are achieved.

How 1:1 Diet Works?

The 1:1 Diet is generally contrasted with ketogenic diets due to the way it works. When the body is supplied with very little carbohydrate, it starts to burn reserve fat for fuel—a process termed ketosis. By lowering the daily calorie input to a mean of 500 to 1,200 kcal, the body is put into a sizeable calorie deficit, which causes fast burning of fat and subsequently visible weight reduction.

Whereas other experts are skeptical about the long-term viability of these low-calorie diets, the 1:1 Diet separates itself with the steady reintroduction of natural food and structured guidance to ensure dieters keep their results and build better habits.

For McCaulsky, the impact of the 1:1 Diet was nothing short of transformative. Within 18 months, she dropped from 350 pounds to 182 pounds. Her BMI now sits at 31.1, which while still classified as obese, is a significant improvement from her starting point. More importantly, she says, the mental shift has been profound.

"Now I feel like I have freedom. I can go into any shop and choose a size 12 (US size 8) dress. I don't need to do my shopping in plus-size stores anymore. It's priceless, that freedom," she explained.

She attributes the program not only for the physical transformation, but for making her have control over her life once more—without surgery.

“I don’t regret turning down the surgery. I’ve now made a change for life and it was the best decision.”

Role of Personal Support

The personal consultant element is central to the diet’s success. It transforms the journey from a solitary struggle into a supported mission. Dieters are guided not just nutritionally but emotionally—helping them manage setbacks, stress eating, or lifestyle changes.

Research indicates that individuals receiving consistent dietary guidance are far more likely to maintain a program than individuals doing it on their own. The 1:1 model's focus on this type of consistent, customized coaching is just one reason why it continues to be favored, particularly by individuals looking for fast yet sustainable results.

Does 1:1 Diet Work for Everyone?

Although the outcomes are impressive, it should be noted that the 1:1 Diet is not for everyone. Very low-calorie diets are potentially harmful to some people, including those with an underlying medical condition or eating disorder. Further, the early phases of the plan are restrictive and might not be practicable over the long term without appropriate medical supervision.

Health experts warn that fast weight loss must always be undertaken in consultation with medical professionals, and preferably accompanied by sustained lifestyle changes, such as greater physical activity and regular mental health counseling.

Donna McCaulsky's tale is a strong reminder that change is never out of reach—no matter what age, medical background, or how long you've been battling your weight. Her experience demonstrates that for some, surgery isn't the sole means of transformation. With guidance, encouragement, and a clinically proven system like the 1:1 Diet, meaningful, lasting change can be achieved.

Yet, prior to exploring any low-calorie or meal replacement diet, it's crucial to visit a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian to check for personal appropriateness and prevent any health hazard.

Disclaimer: This is an informational article and not a substitute for professional medical guidance. Be sure to consult with a qualified healthcare professional prior to initiating any new diet program or treatment regimen.

Spices have for centuries been hailed not only for their flavor but also for their healing powers. From Ayurvedic potions of old to new-fangled wellness fads, the popularity of natural remedies like ginger, garlic, and turmeric keeps increasing. Yet as more individuals turn to turmeric shots or add raw garlic and minced ginger to their meals in large quantities, a sobering question must be asked: Do these potent herbs and spices cross with your prescription medication?

Recent studies and expert opinions indicate that although these natural compounds provide various health advantages, overindulgence — particularly in supplement form — may present unforeseen effects upon combination with routine medications.

Spices in Your Kitchen Cabinet That Are More Potent Than You Think

Turmeric, ginger, and garlic are all known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. They’re used to alleviate everything from indigestion to joint pain, and even in the management of chronic diseases. But just like pharmaceutical drugs, these spices contain biologically active compounds that interact with the body’s systems — and potentially with medications.

For example, the active ingredient in turmeric, curcumin, is acclaimed for its anti-inflammatory properties and its ability to enhance the immune system. However, curcumin can thin the blood and reduce blood sugar levels when taken in excessive amounts, posing complications to individuals taking blood-thinners or diabetes medications.

Similarly, ginger, revered in both Eastern and Western practices for its digestive benefits and anti-nausea effects, can increase bleeding risk and cause arrhythmia in people with heart conditions if consumed in excess.

Garlic, known for its powerful antibacterial and antiviral qualities, can impact liver enzymes and enhance the effects of anticoagulants, thus raising the risk of bleeding.

Turmeric

Turmeric has attained superfood status for a reason. Its anti-inflammatory properties have made it a staple for relieving joint pain, metabolic syndrome, and even for preventing cancer. Those same characteristics, though, can be detrimental when consumed in high amounts.

Overconsumption of curcumin — particularly in supplements — may lead to gastrointestinal problems such as constipation, bloating, and acid reflux. More seriously, turmeric contains anticoagulant properties, which means it may interfere with blood clotting, particularly when accompanied by medications like aspirin, warfarin, or clopidogrel.

High doses of turmeric have also been found in some case studies to interfere with the way the liver metabolizes drugs, changing their effectiveness or enhancing side effects. Professionals suggest keeping turmeric consumption to a maximum of 3 grams per day, which is easily obtained through ordinary cooking.

Ginger

Ginger is another spice frequently used to alleviate gastrointestinal distress, lower inflammation, and avoid nausea. Large quantities, however — greater than 4 grams a day — can result in heartburn, mouth burns, and even diarrhea.

Its anticoagulant properties, while healthy for cardiovascular well-being, are hazardous when taken together with prescription anticoagulants. Ginger also interacts with drugs taken to control high blood pressure and diabetes and can either accentuate or attenuate their effects.

Individuals undergoing surgery are also instructed not to take ginger supplements prior to surgery for a few days in order to minimize the chances of excess bleeding.

Garlic

Garlic has been most commonly used for its cholesterol-lowering, blood pressure-controlling, and infection-fighting capabilities. Its major constituent, allicin, is very active but also tends to interfere with medication metabolism.

Overconsumption of garlic will enhance the action of anticoagulants, exacerbate the risk of gastrointestinal upset, and interfere with HIV/AIDS treatment and some anti-cancer therapies. Research indicates the optimal dose to benefit from garlic without loss of safety is between 1 and 2 cloves daily (3–6 grams).

High-dose supplements pose the most risk and need to be taken carefully, especially by those with complicated medication regimes.

Cloves

Cloves are bursting with eugenol, a substance with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anesthetic qualities. They have been used traditionally to treat toothaches, soothe digestion, and even benefit the liver. But although the advantages are significant, so are the dangers — particularly for those taking some medications.

The eugenol is a strong substance that also serves as a natural blood thinner. This characteristic, although desirable under certain circumstances, can be hazardous to patients using anticoagulant drugs like warfarin or aspirin. In excess, cloves have the potential to enhance the effects of such drugs, an effect that increases bruising or internal bleeding risks. In addition, because eugenol thins the blood, medical practitioners generally instruct patients to desist from clove oil or supplements containing cloves at least two weeks before undergoing any surgical operation in order to reduce complications from compromised blood clotting.

Another less well-known issue is the effect of cloves on blood glucose levels. Research indicates that cloves can reduce blood glucose, and when taken with diabetes medications, could increase the risk of hypoglycemia, a condition characterized by dizziness, sweating, and fatigue. Therefore, diabetic patients should be particularly vigilant and consult a medical practitioner before using cloves in medicinal amounts regularly.

Although general culinary use of whole cloves in tea or food preparation is safe, concentrated oil of cloves and supplements must be used cautiously. It is recommended by experts to take less than 2.5 mg/kg of body weight per day of clove oil, and avoid prolonged use except under medical advice.

Cinnamon

Cinnamon has been traditionally extolled for its warm flavor and health-promoting virtues — notably Ceylon cinnamon, commonly known as "true" cinnamon.

Famous for its power to assist in balancing blood sugar, lowering inflammation, and also acting as a natural sweetener, it is now found in popular use in both kitchens and health foods. But one must take care to separate Ceylon from the more widely available Cassia cinnamon, which has much higher coumarin content, a chemical connected with possible health threats if taken in great quantities. To avoid risk, one should be aware of dosage.

As per the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the amount of coumarin consumed must not be more than 0.1 mg for each kilogram of body weight on a daily basis. This accounts for about ½ to 1 teaspoon of Cassia cinnamon per day for a typical adult. For those who consume cinnamon on a regular basis — particularly in health supplements — Ceylon cinnamon is the better choice, as it has much less coumarin and is at lower risk for side effects.

Supplements vs. Culinary Use: Know the Difference

Like with ginger, turmeric, and garlic, the worry lies less in using these spices as a cooking agent — and more with concentrated supplement or oil consumption, where active ingredients are extremely powerful. Most people think if something is "natural," then it can't possibly harm you. Natural, however, does not always equate to safe, particularly in combination with prescription medications.

A 2023 review in the Journal of Integrative Medicine pointed out that spice-based supplements are one of the most frequently reported natural products to cause interaction with medications, especially those with cardiovascular, hepatic, and endocrine effects.

Why Supplements Are More Dangerous Than Spices Used in Cooking?

One of the main differences health professionals point out is between the use of these spices in normal cooking and taking them in concentrated supplement form.

Although it's unlikely that food amounts of turmeric, ginger, or garlic would be harmful, supplements may provide huge doses that overwhelm the body's capacity to metabolize them harmlessly. In addition, supplements are not as strictly regulated as pharmaceutical medicines, which results in variability in potency and purity.

A University of Mississippi study found that substances such as cinnamaldehyde in cinnamon are able to stimulate liver enzymes that enhance the metabolism of drugs, possibly diminishing the efficacy of a drug. While yet to be tested in humans, this type of interaction is a good reason to be careful when adding any herbal supplement to your daily regimen.

When to Consult A Doctor?

The bottom line? Natural doesn't necessarily equate with harmless — particularly when spices are combined with prescription medications. Individuals taking medications for blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, bleeding disorders, or cancer should always speak with their healthcare provider before initiating any herbal supplements.

Things to Keep In Mind

Use only culinary amounts of spices such as turmeric, ginger, and garlic.

• Shun high-dose supplement use except on orders from a licensed medical practitioner.
• If you're taking anticoagulants, insulin, or chemotherapy, caution is necessary.
• Watch for unusual symptoms, including bruising easily, feeling tired, or having abdominal pain, and tell your doctor.
• Used in small amounts, spices such as ginger, garlic, and turmeric can add flavor to your food and to your life. But abuse — particularly in the form of supplements — can cause unanticipated and potentially deadly interactions with prescription drugs.

So although a golden turmeric latte or garlicky stir-fry may appear to be the healthiest option, it's always best to take the big picture into account — particularly if your medicine cabinet is at stake. After all, even the healthiest of foods have their cautionary tales. If unsure, ask your healthcare provider — and let balance be the spice of life.

In America, a child cannot imagine growing up without having Skittles, it is the country's most iconic candy. In other news, it has been announced that it will no longer contain titanium dioxide, an ingredient that has faced criticism over potential health risks.

The parent company Mars has confirmed after the rising public scrutiny of food additives and its ban in the European Union. It has announced it phased out titanium dioxide from US Skittles products at the end of 2024.

However, the company did not mention if the reformulation affects Skittles that is being sold outside the US. As per the Mars spokesperson and reported by BBC, "All our products are safe to enjoy and meet the high standards and applicable regulations set by food safety authorities around the world.:

What Is Titanium Dioxide?

It is a white pigment which is used to make food appear brighter and more visually appealing. Most common of its used can be found in candies, baked goods, chewing gum, and cosmetics and paint.

As per a 2011 study published in Radiology and Oncology, titanium dioxide is considered as an inert and safe material and has been used in many applications for decades. However, notes the study, with the development of nanotechnologies, its nanoparticles with numerous novel and useful properties are increasingly manufactured and used. Thus, increased human and environmental exposure can be expected, which puts its nanoparticles under toxicological scrutiny.

The study also notes that based on experimental evidences from animal inhalation studies, nanoparticles are classified as "possible carcinogenic to humans" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and as occupational carcinogen by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

The Center for Science in the Public Interest, titanium dioxide can potentially accumulate in our bodies and is associated with health risks such as DNA damage and immune system toxicity.

The European Union has banned its use in foods due to such safety concerns.

A safety evaluation by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) found that evidence suggests that when humans ingest food-grade titanium dioxide, small particles of titanium dioxide can accumulate in human body over time and can cause genetic damage. This could also cause cancer and other health problems.

What Does The FDA Say?

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) say that titanium dioxide is safe to use in foods and personal care products, however, it provides strict guidelines on how much can be used in food. The limit is very small: no more than 1% of it can be used.

What All Contains Titanium Dioxide?

• Milk
• Coffee creamer
• Salad dressing
• Candy and sweets
• Chocolate
• Chewing gum
• Snacks
• Sauces
• Vitamin supplements

It is also found in sunscreen and other makeup products. The main use of titanium dioxide is as a barrier to keep the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays from damaging your skin. It is also processed into much smaller particles than what goes into your food. Thus, in this form, it becomes transparent and absorbs UV light so it does not reach your skin.