Being young is almost seen as a ‘get-away free’ card for many people. You feel energized and on top of the world, pulling all-nighters, then keeping up with all the course work and somehow have the time to party, without resting properly. This kind of mindset, while ok every now and then, encourages them to indulge in other activities like drinking, doing substances or smoking. Many of them start to believe that doing this at a young age will not affect their body, or have long-term side effects, but a new study shows that this may not be the case anymore. You may be under the assumption that strokes, diabetes and other issues like hypertension are all problems that people above 50 have, but the risk of stroke has now doubled even in youngsters.

A study published in Neurology Journals revealed a strong link between smoking and unexplained strokes, particularly in younger adults. The American Stroke Association says these strokes, known as cryptogenic strokes, happen when blood flow to the brain is blocked, but doctors can't easily find the cause. The research shows that if you smoke, your risk of having one of these strokes more than doubles. What's even more alarming is that heavy smoking makes the danger much higher. People who have smoked more than a pack of cigarettes every day for 20 years have over four times the risk of a stroke compared to people who have never smoked. This highlights how seriously smoking can damage your health, even at a younger age.

What Does This Mean For The Public?

The people who did this study think we need to work harder to stop young people from smoking, especially smoking a lot. They believe this will help stop young people from having strokes. They looked at a special kind of stroke that's hard to figure out, and not much is known about how smoking causes it in young people. They wanted to find out more. It's important to know the risks so young people can make good choices and stay healthy. According to the American Lung Association, 87% of adults who are daily smokers tried their first cigarrete by the age of 18 and 95% had by the age of 21.

To understand the connection between smoking and strokes in young adults, the researchers analyzed medical records. They compared two groups, young people who had experienced strokes and young people who hadn't. By examining these records, they could see how smoking habits correlated with stroke occurrences. The findings revealed that a significantly higher percentage of stroke victims were smokers compared to those who hadn't had strokes. Specifically, about one-third of the individuals who had strokes were smokers, while only 15% of those without strokes were smokers. This clear difference strongly indicates that smoking significantly increases the likelihood of young adults experiencing strokes.

Why Does This Kind Of Stroke In Younger People Pose A Problem?

More young people are having these hard-to-explain strokes. That's why this study is so important. The researchers found that smoking is a big reason why these strokes happen. Knowing this can help us stop people from having them. It's important to find the causes so we can prevent them.

The study also highlighted several factors that influence stroke risk in young adults. These include age, gender, and the intensity of smoking. Men who smoke are at a considerably higher risk of strokes compared to women who smoke or to men who don't smoke at all. Also, older young adults, even within the young age range, face a greater risk. Naturally, the more you smoke, the higher your risk becomes. Smoking heavily, especially over extended periods, is exceptionally dangerous. Even smoking a small amount regularly increases the risk compared to not smoking at all. These factors show that stroke risk is influenced by multiple elements related to smoking habits.

How Does Smoking Affect Your Body?

Cigarette smoke contains numerous harmful substances that damage the body, particularly the blood and blood vessels. These substances interfere with the blood's ability to carry oxygen, leading to oxygen deprivation in various parts of the body. Additionally, they elevate blood pressure, putting extra strain on the heart and blood vessels. Smoking also disrupts cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of arteries hardening, which further restricts blood flow. All these factors contribute to an increased risk of strokes. The cumulative effect of these harmful substances makes smoking extremely detrimental to cardiovascular health. It's a direct pathway to serious health problems.

Sources

https://www.neurology.org/doi/10.1212/WN9.0000000000000003

https://www.health.gov.au/topics/smoking-vaping-and-tobacco/about-smoking/effects

https://www.stroke.org/en/about-stroke/types-of-stroke/cryptogenic-stroke

https://www.lung.org/quit-smoking/smoking-facts/impact-of-tobacco-use/tobacco-use-among-children#:~:text=Cigarette%20smoking%20during%20childhood%20and,on%20lung%20growth%20and%20function.

Sex is typically all about pleasure, intimacy, and—yes—a healthy dose of natural feel-good hormones but for some, sex can also have an added, decidedly uncomfortable surprise: an allergic reaction to semen. Though it sounds unusual and even bizarre to many, semen allergy, or medically termed seminal plasma hypersensitivity (SPH), is a legitimate and underdiagnosed condition—and notably, it doesn't only occur in women, men can also experience it.

SPH is a type I hypersensitivity reaction—much like the way some individuals react to peanuts, pollen, or dander from a cat. First described in the late 1960s, SPH is not caused by the sperm cells themselves, but by proteins of the seminal plasma, the fluid that coats sperm. One main perpetrator seems to be prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a protein found in common semen.

What is Semen Allergy?

A semen allergy is a reaction by the immune system to proteins within seminal plasma, the liquid that transports sperm, rather than sperm cells. It was first described in the 1960s and is now considered a type 1 hypersensitivity, which includes such allergies as peanuts, pollen, and animal dander.

The reaction may lead to burning, itching, redness, or swelling wherever semen touches the skin or mucous membranes. In more severe reactions, it may initiate systemic symptoms like hives, wheezing, dizziness, or even life-threatening anaphylaxis.

Is Semen Allergy Really That Common?

SPH was previously thought to be very rare, with fewer than 100 cases reported around the globe in the late 1990s. More recent findings contradict this. A late 1990s study discovered that almost 12% of women with postcoital symptoms could be diagnosed with probable SPH. Figures now estimate that as many as 40,000 American women may be suffering from the condition. The experts warn that their estimates are probably on the low side, however, because so many individuals are unwilling to complain about sex-related symptoms or misdiagnosed with yeast infections or other problems.

Men, in fact, can be allergic to their own semen—a condition referred to as post-orgasmic illness syndrome (POIS). POIS is a rare condition that results in flu-like symptoms like fatigue, brain fog, and muscle pain just after ejaculation.

Women with the condition can experience symptoms within minutes after exposure to semen—usually during or after unprotected anal or vaginal sex. They can experience anything from irritation (burning, redness, vulvar or vaginal lining swelling) to systemic allergic reactions like hives, facial swelling, wheezing, diarrhea or even anaphylaxis. Although there have been no reported deaths from semen allergy the physical and emotional cost it can exact is immense.

What Triggers a Semen Allergy?

At the core of the disorder lies the immune system confusing proteins contained in seminal fluid as dangerous invaders. This may activate the release of histamines and other inflammatory chemicals that trigger itching, pain or worse.

One can be allergic to the semen of one partner but not the other because of individual protein combinations and possible residues of drugs, foods, or allergens such as Brazil nuts in semen. There can be cross-reactivity in extremely rare instances when a person with a dog allergy, for instance, can be allergic to semen because the canine and human PSA proteins have similarities. Other aspects that can affect:

Genetic susceptibility: Individuals with a history of allergy or atopic disease in the family are potentially predisposed to SPH.

Cross-reactivity: Certain proteins within semen bear resemblance to allergens on pet dander or even food proteins, causing an unanticipated reaction. A woman with a hypersensitivity to dogs, for instance, can produce an allergic reaction to semen because proteins in semen share structural features.

Medications and diet: Residuals of drugs or food allergens may be found in semen, resulting in reactions in reactive partners.

Hormonal changes: Menstrual cycle fluctuations or pregnancy can affect immune system reactions and symptom intensity.

If you regularly have burning, itching, or swelling in the genitalia following unprotected intercourse—and the symptoms resolve when a condom is worn—you might be facing SPH. Systemic signs such as hives, wheezing, or lightheadedness within minutes of ejaculation are stronger predictors.

Keep in mind that a number of other conditions are similar in symptoms—yeast infection, UTI, or latex allergy among them. That's why expert diagnosis is necessary. Allergy testing on your partner's semen (or using PSA-specific antibodies) can shed some light.

Wait, Men Can Be Allergic to Their Own Semen?

Yes, it is possible. In a very rare condition known as Post-Orgasmic Illness Syndrome (POIS), men develop flu-like symptoms—muscle pain, tiredness, mental confusion—just after ejaculation. Although the reason is not clear, POIS is believed to be an allergic or autoimmune response to one's own semen.

In others, men experience rashes or irritation of the skin on the shaft or foreskin of the penis—particularly if semen comes into contact with the skin during sex or masturbation. In some instances, skin-prick testing using the man's own semen can diagnose this condition.

Impact on Fertility and Relationships

SPH does not cause infertility, but it can complicate conception. Since avoiding semen is the most effective way to prevent symptoms, couples trying to conceive face unique challenges. Treatments include:

• Antihistamines taken before sex to reduce or prevent symptoms.
• Desensitization therapy, where diluted seminal plasma is introduced gradually to build tolerance.
• IVF with washed sperm, which removes the allergenic proteins, allowing for conception without triggering a reaction.
• A lot of women with SPH have successfully gotten pregnant, naturally or with medical interventions

Can You Prevent or Treat Semen Allergy?

The most simple and effective way to avoid symptoms is to employ the use of condoms, which can suitably avoid contact with semen and nullify allergic reactions altogether. Nonetheless, when condoms are unavailable or in cases of severe symptoms, antihistamines, EpiPens, and desensitization procedures might come into play.

It's important to see a board-certified allergist, preferably with experience in treating unusual sexual allergies. In a few instances, referrals to academic medical centers are necessary because of the esoteric nature of this condition.

Why People Don't Know About Semen Allery?

Even in 2025, sexual health still carries a significant stigma. Many people, especially women, feel uncomfortable discussing pain or irritation following sex. This silence can lead to misdiagnosis, with symptoms often attributed to yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, or STIs.

In Bernstein's 1997 research, almost half of the symptomatic women had never been tested for SPH. Consequently, many of them wasted decades suffering in silence, receiving ineffectual treatment and even relational strain.

In spite of its prevalence, semen allergy continues to be underdiagnosed and subject to misconceptions. Stigma, shame, and lack of familiarity among medical providers translate into many individuals suffering silently. Research indicates that almost half of women with post-coital symptoms have never been examined for SPH.

A stinging, burning feeling after sex is never normal—and not something you need to be ashamed of. If you think that you might be allergic to semen, don't stay silent. Speak with your doctor, push for proper testing, and discuss your options.

The Health and Me had previously reported on how many people faced problems with their pancreas post taking weight loss drugs and diabetes injections. These medicines are mostly Wegovy, Ozempic and other variants of GLP-1 medicines, or the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. This has led to an investigation by the authorities.

Not just this, but there are also reports of deaths that have been linked with GLP-1 medicines. Data from the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) revealed that ever since these drugs were approved, there have been hundreds of cases of acute and chronic pancreatitis.

The data revealed that 10 people have died and among them, 5 were linked to active ingredients of these popular weight loss jabs.

What Did The Data Reveal?

• A total of 181 cases of acute and chronic pancreatitis have been reported in connection with tirzepatide, the active ingredient in Mounjaro, including five fatalities.
• Liraglutide was associated with 116 such cases, one of which was fatal.
• Semaglutide—the active ingredient in Ozempic and Wegovy—was linked to 113 cases, with one death reported.
• Exenatide was associated with 101 cases, including three deaths.
• Dulaglutide and lixisenatide were linked to 52 and 11 cases respectively, with no reported fatalities for either drug.

Based on the data, the Yellow Card Biobank project, which is launched by MHRA and Genomics England will investigate these instances and check whether these drugs could influence people's genetic make-up.

The MHRA is encouraging individuals taking GLP-1 medicines who have been hospitalised with acute pancreatitis to report their experience through the Yellow Card scheme.

Following a report submission, the MHRA will reach out to patients to ask if they are willing to take part in a related study.

Participants will be asked to share further information and provide a saliva sample to help determine whether genetic factors may contribute to the risk of developing acute pancreatitis from specific medications.

What Are GLP-1 Medicines?

GLP-1 agonists, used to lower blood sugar in type 2 diabetes and support weight loss, are currently under increased scrutiny, according to Wales Online.

With an estimated 1.5 million people in the UK using weight loss injections, health authorities recognise their role in tackling obesity but warn against viewing them as a universal solution, citing potential side effects.

Commonly reported reactions include nausea, constipation, and diarrhoea. Recent safety alerts have also highlighted concerns about Mounjaro possibly reducing the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

Dr. Alison Cave, Chief Safety Officer at the MHRA, stated: “Evidence shows that nearly a third of medicine-related side effects could be avoided through genetic testing. Adverse drug reactions are estimated to cost the NHS over £2.2 billion annually in hospital admissions alone.”

She added that data gathered from the Yellow Card Biobank will help identify patients at increased risk of side effects, enabling more personalised and safer prescribing based on individual genetic profiles.

What Happens To Your Body When GLP-1 Medicines Are Administered?

To understand what our body goes through, we spoke to experts in endocrinology and gastroenterology. Here's what they said.

Dr Pranav Ghody, Consultant Endocrinologist & Diabetologist, Wockhardt Hospitals at Mumbai Central explains that weight loss medications, particularly injectable GLP-1 receptor agonists like semaglutide, have become popular due to their effectiveness. "However, when misused taken without medical supervision, used in high doses, or by people with underlying health issues they can lead to serious side effects. Some complications, like pancreatitis or severe gastrointestinal symptoms, may be life-threatening if not promptly addressed."

Why does it impact the pancreas? Dr Ghody explains that these medicines slow digestion and help control hunger, however, in some individuals, especially those predisposed or with a history of pancreatic issues, they can irritate the pancreas and trigger inflammation, leading to a condition called acute pancreatitis.

He also notes that in rare cases, acute pancreatitis can become severe. "It could lead to serious complications like organ failure of infections. If not diagnosed and managed early, it can be fatal. That said, such outcomes are uncommon and typically occur when early warning signs are ignored or the drug is misused."

So, How Can One Ensure Safe Use Of Weight Loss Drugs?

"Always take these drugs under the guidance of a qualified endocrinologist or physician. A thorough evaluation including your medical history, current health status, and regular monitoring is crucial. Never self-medicate or take someone else’s prescription. Also, report any symptoms like persistent stomach pain, nausea, or vomiting immediately to your doctor," points out Dr Ghody.

Oropouche fever is a viral disease caused by the Oropouche virus (OROV). It's mainly spread by tiny biting insects called midges. For over 70 years, this disease was mostly found in the Amazon region, especially in Brazil, Peru, and Ecuador, with about 500,000 known infections. However, the true number of cases was largely unknown, making it a "neglected tropical disease."

To understand this, a May 2025 study published in the Current Research in Microbial Sciences gave us a timeline and why this disease has become an issue now. In 2024, OROV rapidly spread beyond its usual Amazon home. It moved across Brazil and into other parts of South and Central America. Cases have even been reported in North America and Europe, showing that it's becoming a bigger global health worry.

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The current outbreak, which started in 2023 and is ongoing into 2025, has hit Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Cuba, and Panama hard. This outbreak is linked to a new type of OROV that came from the Brazilian Amazon. This new virus has created new ways of spreading throughout South and Central America, and it's likely moving internationally because more people are traveling by air.

As of early 2025, there have been over 23,000 confirmed cases worldwide, including five deaths. The virus is clearly spreading into areas it didn't affect before. Along with this spread, OROV infection is now more often linked to severe health problems, such as, Guillain-Barré syndrome which is a serious condition affecting the nervous system. Vertical transmission is also an issue. This is when a virus passes from a pregnant mother to her baby, leading to miscarriage and birth defects.

The new OROV causing the current outbreak is also more harmful, better at avoiding the body's defenses, and spreads more easily, which likely contributes to its epidemic potential.

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Oropouche Virus: Who is The Most At Risk?

A 2025 study published in the Nature Communications, the Oropouche virus (OROV) has shown that it can cause more severe illness and serious problems during pregnancy, including miscarriages, stillbirths, and even newborn deaths. It seems the virus might be passing from mother to baby.

Their research shows that OROV can indeed infect and make copies of itself within human placenta cells and tissues, including the syncytiotrophoblast cells that are usually resistant to germs. The virus grew very quickly within the first 24 hours after infection. We also noticed that earlier pregnancies might be more easily infected by the virus.

Oropouche Virus Disease: What Regions Have Been Affected the Most?

The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) details that the Oropouche virus was first found in 1955 in a forest worker who had a fever in a village called Vega de Oropouche, in Trinidad and Tobago. The virus is naturally found in the Amazon basin.

Before the year 2000, outbreaks of Oropouche virus were reported in Brazil, Panama, and Peru. There was also evidence that animals were infected in Colombia and Trinidad during this period. In the past 25 years, cases have been identified in many more countries, including Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Panama, and Peru. A child in Haiti was also found to be infected in 2014.

In late 2023, the Oropouche virus began causing large outbreaks in both areas where it's typically found and in new parts of South America. By June 2024, Cuba reported its first confirmed case. For the most up-to-date information on where the virus has spread, you can check resources like "Countries and Territories with Recent or Previous Oropouche Virus Transmission." Currently, there's no evidence that the virus is spreading locally within the United States.

Oropouche Virus Symptoms

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it takes to get sick after being bitten by an infected insect (called the incubation period) for the Oropouche virus is usually 3 to 10 days. When someone gets sick, they might experience symptoms like fever, headache, joint pain, muscle pain, chills, nausea, vomiting, and a rash.

Most people get completely better within 7 days of their symptoms starting. However, for some, recovery can take weeks. In rare cases, serious problems like aseptic meningitis (a swelling of the brain's protective layers) can happen. While deaths from OROV infection weren't reported before, in 2024, there were two reported deaths in young, healthy adults who had the infection.

Oropouche Virus Disease Diagnose & Treatment

To diagnose Oropouche virus disease, doctors typically use special lab tests called RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR. Blood tests (serologic assays) can also help with diagnosis, but these need to be done by highly trained staff in labs with proper safety equipment. Currently, there are no quick commercial tests (like those for flu or COVID) available for Oropouche.

There is no specific medicine to treat Oropouche virus disease. Treatment mostly focuses on supportive care to help relieve the symptoms.

Is Oropouche Virus Preventable?

WHO explains that there is no vaccine available to prevent Oropouche virus disease. The best ways to stop the virus from spreading are through controlling the insects that carry it and by protecting yourself.

Standard mosquito nets aren't very effective against the tiny biting midges that spread Oropouche, as these insects are small enough to get through the netting. However, fine mesh bed nets and chemical sprays used on the walls of infected buildings have been shown to work well.

To protect yourself, it's recommended to wear protective clothing and use insect repellents that contain ingredients like DEET, IR3535, or icaridin. Currently, there is no evidence of local transmission of Oropouche virus in the United States.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can Oropouche virus spread locally outside endemic areas?

No local transmission has been detected outside affected regions; all international cases are travel-related.

What insects spread Oropouche virus?

Tiny biting midges are the primary carriers, though some mosquito species can also transmit the virus.

Should travelers avoid visiting affected areas?

Travel isn't restricted, but use strong insect repellent and protective clothing in Latin and Caribbean destinations.