Health and Me

Ishita Roy

IBS Cases Surged During COVID-19 Pandemic, Study Finds

A 2022 study published in journal <em>Frontiers in Medicine</em> notes that there are about 10 to 23% of adults worldwide who suffer from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Another 2021 study that delves into the epidemiology of IBS and other bowel disorders of gut-brain interaction accounts for the global distribution of IBS by country in 26 countries that showed a high rate of consistency in prevalence rates. Among them was also the United States. Reflecting on the same data, a latest study published in the journal <em>Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility</em> notes that rates of IBS have nearly doubled among the US adults. It rose from 6% in May 2020 to about 11% in May 2022. 

In the news release, the lead researcher Dr Christopher Almario, a gastroenterologist at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles said, "Rates of digestive issues such as irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation rose significantly."

“These findings underscore the significant toll the pandemic has taken on digestive health,” Almario added.

<h4>What Does The <span rel="noindex">COVID-19</span> Pandemic Have To Do With IBS?</h4>

“These disorders involve chronic gastrointestinal symptoms that are often triggered or worsened by psychological stress,” Almario said.

It is no news that mental stress in fact increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. A report by the World Health Organization (WHO) indicated a 25% rise in the global prevalence of anxiety and depression in the first year of the pandemic. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) also notes that the pandemic's impact extended to vulnerable populations like adolescents, with increased suicidal ideation linked to infection fears. 

Researchers also suggest that the rise in <span>gut health</span> disorders during the pandemic may be linked to both the impact of COVID-19 on the digestive system and the psychological stress caused by social distancing, isolation, and fear of infection.

Another study published in May 2020 in the <em>United European Gastroenterology Journal </em>noted that digestive diseases were amongst the most prevalent health conditions in Europe, as the study's area was focused in that very continent. The study noted: "OVID-19 has various implications on digestive health, as digestive symptoms such as nausea, diarrhoea and cramps occur in COVID-19 positive patients, in some cases, prior to respiratory symptoms. Moreover, people with chronic digestive conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), digestive cancers, liver diseases or immunosuppressed liver transplanted patients, could be particularly vulnerable."

The study also noted that COVID-19 has demonstrated notable effects on digestive health. Studies indicate that the virus can impact the gastrointestinal tract and liver, with symptoms such as nausea, diarrhoea, and abdominal cramps. Elevated liver enzymes have been reported in up to 30% of patients.

Viral RNA has been detected in stool samples from 48.1% of patients, including those who tested negative via respiratory swabs. Digestive symptoms were present in 17.6% of cases, with incidence ranging between 5% and 50%. In some patients, gastrointestinal symptoms appeared before respiratory signs and were associated with more severe outcomes. Detection of the virus in stool suggests possible fecal-oral transmission, even from asymptomatic individuals.

Another 2021 study published in the journal <em>Medicine Pharmacy Reports </em>noted, "SARS-CoV-2 can affect major organs including the digestive system." The study reviewed other studies which have been conducted in UK, Wuhan, Hong-Kong, and America and have confirmed that while most common symptoms are fever, cough, and shortness of breath, other symptoms were also nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. 

Researchers analyzed data from over 160,000 U.S. adults who took part in a national online survey conducted between May 2020 and May 2022. The survey collected information on digestive symptoms, mental health status, and lifestyle changes during the pandemic period.

Among participants diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the most commonly reported subtype was mixed IBS, characterized by alternating episodes of both diarrhea and constipation.

“This research calls for a renewed focus on gastrointestinal health in the post-pandemic era,” senior researcher Dr. Brennan Spiegel, director of health services research for Cedars-Sinai, said in a news release.

<h4>What Are The Common Symptoms And Treatments Available For IBS?</h4>

The <em>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</em>, US, notes the following as the symptoms of IBS:

<ul><li>bloating</li><li>the feeling that you haven’t finished a bowel movement</li><li>whitish mucus in your stool</li><li>diarrhea</li><li>constipation</li><li>women on their period will have more symptoms</li></ul>

IBS is typically treated through dietary and lifestyle changes, which are as followed:

<ul><li>eat more fiber</li><li>avoid gluten</li><li>follow a special eating plan called the low FODMAP diet</li><li>increasing your physical activity</li><li>reducing stressful life situations as much as possible</li><li>getting enough sleep</li></ul>

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A 2022 study published in journal Frontiers in Medicine notes that there are about 10 to 23% of adults worldwide who suffer from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Another 2021 study that delves into the epidemiology of IBS and other bowel disorders of gut-brain interaction accounts for the global distribution of IBS by country in 26 countries that showed a high rate of consistency in prevalence rates. Among them was also the United States. Reflecting on the same data, a latest study published in the journal Neurogastroenterology & Motility notes that rates of IBS have nearly doubled among the US adults. It rose from 6% in May 2020 to about 11% in May 2022. In the news release, the lead researcher Dr Christopher Almario, a gastroenterologist at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles said, "Rates of digestive issues such as irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation rose significantly."“These findings underscore the significant toll the pandemic has taken on digestive health,” Almario added.What Does The COVID-19 Pandemic Have To Do With IBS?“These disorders involve chronic gastrointestinal symptoms that are often triggered or worsened by psychological stress,” Almario said.It is no news that mental stress in fact increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. A report by the World Health Organization (WHO) indicated a 25% rise in the global prevalence of anxiety and depression in the first year of the pandemic. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) also notes that the pandemic's impact extended to vulnerable populations like adolescents, with increased suicidal ideation linked to infection fears. Researchers also suggest that the rise in gut health disorders during the pandemic may be linked to both the impact of COVID-19 on the digestive system and the psychological stress caused by social distancing, isolation, and fear of infection.Another study published in May 2020 in the United European Gastroenterology Journal noted that digestive diseases were amongst the most prevalent health conditions in Europe, as the study's area was focused in that very continent. The study noted: "OVID-19 has various implications on digestive health, as digestive symptoms such as nausea, diarrhoea and cramps occur in COVID-19 positive patients, in some cases, prior to respiratory symptoms. Moreover, people with chronic digestive conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), digestive cancers, liver diseases or immunosuppressed liver transplanted patients, could be particularly vulnerable."The study also noted that COVID-19 has demonstrated notable effects on digestive health. Studies indicate that the virus can impact the gastrointestinal tract and liver, with symptoms such as nausea, diarrhoea, and abdominal cramps. Elevated liver enzymes have been reported in up to 30% of patients.Viral RNA has been detected in stool samples from 48.1% of patients, including those who tested negative via respiratory swabs. Digestive symptoms were present in 17.6% of cases, with incidence ranging between 5% and 50%. In some patients, gastrointestinal symptoms appeared before respiratory signs and were associated with more severe outcomes. Detection of the virus in stool suggests possible fecal-oral transmission, even from asymptomatic individuals.Another 2021 study published in the journal Medicine Pharmacy Reports noted, "SARS-CoV-2 can affect major organs including the digestive system." The study reviewed other studies which have been conducted in UK, Wuhan, Hong-Kong, and America and have confirmed that while most common symptoms are fever, cough, and shortness of breath, other symptoms were also nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. How Was The Study Conducted?Researchers analyzed data from over 160,000 U.S. adults who took part in a national online survey conducted between May 2020 and May 2022. The survey collected information on digestive symptoms, mental health status, and lifestyle changes during the pandemic period.Among participants diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the most commonly reported subtype was mixed IBS, characterized by alternating episodes of both diarrhea and constipation.“This research calls for a renewed focus on gastrointestinal health in the post-pandemic era,” senior researcher Dr. Brennan Spiegel, director of health services research for Cedars-Sinai, said in a news release.What Are The Common Symptoms And Treatments Available For IBS?The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US, notes the following as the symptoms of IBS:bloatingthe feeling that you haven’t finished a bowel movementwhitish mucus in your stooldiarrheaconstipationwomen on their period will have more symptomsIBS is typically treated through dietary and lifestyle changes, which are as followed:eat more fiberavoid glutenfollow a special eating plan called the low FODMAP dietincreasing your physical activityreducing stressful life situations as much as possiblegetting enough sleep

ibs cases surged during covid-19 pandemic, study finds

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A man in his 50s from northern New South Wales, Australia, is fighting for his life in hospital after contracting <span>Australian bat lyssavirus</span> (ABLV), marking the state’s first ever confirmed human case. The incident, which has left health authorities and the public deeply concerned, highlights the persistent and often underestimated threat posed by zoonotic diseases—those transmitted from animals to humans.

The man was bitten by a bat several months ago and, despite seeking medical attention at the time, began displaying symptoms of <span>lyssavirus</span> only recently. He is now in critical condition, and health officials have confirmed that an investigation is underway to determine if other factors contributed to his infection.

The current case marks only the fourth confirmed human infection with ABLV in Australia. The previous three cases, all in Queensland between 1996 and 2012, resulted in fatalities. Each instance has reinforced the lethal nature of the virus and the critical importance of prevention and early intervention.

NSW Health and national health authorities have issued urgent reminders for the public to avoid handling bats under any circumstances. Only trained and vaccinated wildlife carers should attempt to rescue or manage bats in distress. Keira Glasgow, Director of Health Protection at NSW Health, emphasized, “The best thing you can do is to call your local wildlife carers agency to help you.”

Anyone exposed to a bat bite or scratch, regardless of vaccination status, should seek urgent medical care. Authorities stress that even minor contact can be dangerous, and any delay in seeking treatment increases the risk of fatal disease progression.

Bats are natural reservoirs for a range of viruses, including lyssaviruses and coronaviruses. Their unique immune systems allow them to harbor pathogens without succumbing to disease, but these viruses can be deadly when transmitted to other species, including humans.

In Australia, bats play essential ecological roles as pollinators and insect controllers, but their close proximity to urban areas and frequent human-wildlife interactions increase the risk of zoonotic spillover. This case underscores the importance of maintaining safe distances from wildlife and respecting the boundaries between human and animal habitats.

Australian bat lyssavirus is a member of the Lyssavirus genus, within the same viral family as rabies. First identified in Australian flying foxes in 1996, its discovery shattered previous assumptions that Australia was free from rabies-like viruses. ABLV is genetically and clinically similar to rabies, causing severe neurological disease that is almost always fatal once symptoms appear.

The virus is found in various bat species across Australia, including fruit bats, flying foxes, and insect-eating microbats. Any bat in the country is considered a potential carrier, regardless of apparent health.

Transmission occurs when the saliva of an infected bat enters the body through a bite, scratch, or contact with broken skin or mucous membranes (such as the eyes, nose, or mouth). Notably, even a minor scratch or seemingly insignificant contact can be enough to transmit the virus.

Bats carrying ABLV may not always show obvious signs of illness. However, infected bats can display unusual behaviors such as aggression, paralysis, inability to fly, or being found in atypical locations during the day. These signs should serve as warnings to the public to avoid contact and report such animals to wildlife authorities.

The incubation period for ABLV is highly variable, ranging from a few days to several years after exposure. This unpredictability makes monitoring and post-exposure management challenging.

<ul><li>fever</li><li>headache</li><li>fatigue</li><li>malaise</li></ul>

However, the disease progresses rapidly, with patients soon developing:

<ul><li>Muscle weakness and sensory changes</li><li>Confusion and agitation</li><li>Convulsions and seizures</li><li>Paralysis and loss of consciousness</li></ul>

Once neurological symptoms develop, the prognosis is grim. Death typically occurs within one to two weeks of symptom onset, and there have been no documented survivors of symptomatic ABLV infection in Australia to date.

There is currently no effective treatment for ABLV once symptoms have begun. The only hope for survival lies in immediate and appropriate post-exposure management. This includes:

<ul><li>Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.</li><li>Use an antiviral antiseptic such as povidone-iodine or alcohol.</li><li>Even if previously vaccinated against rabies, medical assessment is essential.</li></ul>

Medical professionals will assess the risk and may administer a combination of rabies immunoglobulin and rabies vaccine. If the exposure is on the head or neck, vaccination should occur within 48 hours. However, once symptoms develop, supportive care is the only option, and the outcome is almost invariably fatal.

While ABLV is currently confined to Australia, the broader lesson is universal. Zoonotic diseases—those that jump from animals to humans—are a growing global health concern, exacerbated by habitat encroachment, climate change, and increased human-wildlife contact.

<ul><li>Never attempt to handle bats or other wild animals. If you find an injured or distressed bat, contact trained wildlife carers.</li><li>If bitten or scratched by a bat, immediately wash the wound, apply antiseptic, and seek urgent medical care—even if the injury seems minor.</li><li>Vaccination is recommended for individuals at higher risk, such as wildlife carers and veterinarians.</li><li>Educate children and communities about the risks associated with bats and the importance of reporting contact to adults and authorities.</li></ul>

<em>Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not substitute professional medical advice. Always consult healthcare professionals for diagnosis, treatment, or concerns regarding infectious diseases or bat exposure.</em>

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australian bat lyssavirus

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A man in his 50s from northern New South Wales, Australia, is fighting for his life in hospital after contracting Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV), marking the state’s first ever confirmed human case. The incident, which has left health authorities and the public deeply concerned, highlights the persistent and often underestimated threat posed by zoonotic diseases—those transmitted from animals to humans.The man was bitten by a bat several months ago and, despite seeking medical attention at the time, began displaying symptoms of lyssavirus only recently. He is now in critical condition, and health officials have confirmed that an investigation is underway to determine if other factors contributed to his infection.The current case marks only the fourth confirmed human infection with ABLV in Australia. The previous three cases, all in Queensland between 1996 and 2012, resulted in fatalities. Each instance has reinforced the lethal nature of the virus and the critical importance of prevention and early intervention.NSW Health and national health authorities have issued urgent reminders for the public to avoid handling bats under any circumstances. Only trained and vaccinated wildlife carers should attempt to rescue or manage bats in distress. Keira Glasgow, Director of Health Protection at NSW Health, emphasized, “The best thing you can do is to call your local wildlife carers agency to help you.”Anyone exposed to a bat bite or scratch, regardless of vaccination status, should seek urgent medical care. Authorities stress that even minor contact can be dangerous, and any delay in seeking treatment increases the risk of fatal disease progression.Bats are natural reservoirs for a range of viruses, including lyssaviruses and coronaviruses. Their unique immune systems allow them to harbor pathogens without succumbing to disease, but these viruses can be deadly when transmitted to other species, including humans.In Australia, bats play essential ecological roles as pollinators and insect controllers, but their close proximity to urban areas and frequent human-wildlife interactions increase the risk of zoonotic spillover. This case underscores the importance of maintaining safe distances from wildlife and respecting the boundaries between human and animal habitats.What is Lyssavirus?Australian bat lyssavirus is a member of the Lyssavirus genus, within the same viral family as rabies. First identified in Australian flying foxes in 1996, its discovery shattered previous assumptions that Australia was free from rabies-like viruses. ABLV is genetically and clinically similar to rabies, causing severe neurological disease that is almost always fatal once symptoms appear.The virus is found in various bat species across Australia, including fruit bats, flying foxes, and insect-eating microbats. Any bat in the country is considered a potential carrier, regardless of apparent health.How the Virus Spreads?Transmission occurs when the saliva of an infected bat enters the body through a bite, scratch, or contact with broken skin or mucous membranes (such as the eyes, nose, or mouth). Notably, even a minor scratch or seemingly insignificant contact can be enough to transmit the virus.Bats carrying ABLV may not always show obvious signs of illness. However, infected bats can display unusual behaviors such as aggression, paralysis, inability to fly, or being found in atypical locations during the day. These signs should serve as warnings to the public to avoid contact and report such animals to wildlife authorities.The incubation period for ABLV is highly variable, ranging from a few days to several years after exposure. This unpredictability makes monitoring and post-exposure management challenging.Early symptoms mimic the flu: feverheadachefatiguemalaiseHowever, the disease progresses rapidly, with patients soon developing:Muscle weakness and sensory changesConfusion and agitationConvulsions and seizuresParalysis and loss of consciousnessOnce neurological symptoms develop, the prognosis is grim. Death typically occurs within one to two weeks of symptom onset, and there have been no documented survivors of symptomatic ABLV infection in Australia to date.Can Lyssavirus Be Treated?There is currently no effective treatment for ABLV once symptoms have begun. The only hope for survival lies in immediate and appropriate post-exposure management. This includes:Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.Use an antiviral antiseptic such as povidone-iodine or alcohol.Even if previously vaccinated against rabies, medical assessment is essential.Medical professionals will assess the risk and may administer a combination of rabies immunoglobulin and rabies vaccine. If the exposure is on the head or neck, vaccination should occur within 48 hours. However, once symptoms develop, supportive care is the only option, and the outcome is almost invariably fatal.While ABLV is currently confined to Australia, the broader lesson is universal. Zoonotic diseases—those that jump from animals to humans—are a growing global health concern, exacerbated by habitat encroachment, climate change, and increased human-wildlife contact.How Can You Protect Yourself?Never attempt to handle bats or other wild animals. If you find an injured or distressed bat, contact trained wildlife carers.If bitten or scratched by a bat, immediately wash the wound, apply antiseptic, and seek urgent medical care—even if the injury seems minor.Vaccination is recommended for individuals at higher risk, such as wildlife carers and veterinarians.Educate children and communities about the risks associated with bats and the importance of reporting contact to adults and authorities.Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not substitute professional medical advice. Always consult healthcare professionals for diagnosis, treatment, or concerns regarding infectious diseases or bat exposure.

australian man battles for life after rare 'rabies-like' bat bite; what is the deadly lyssavirus

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As Covid-19 vaccination campaigns reached billions worldwide, so too did widespread public fear of infrequent but highly publicized cases of sudden death after vaccination. Over the past few months, the fear has sparked a spate of conjecture and disinformation, particularly on social media. On Wednesday, the Government of India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) released a statement of the utmost certainty: there is no causative association between Covid-19 vaccines and sudden death in adults. This finding, based on wide-ranging research conducted by the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), is a watershed event for public health worldwide.

The MoHFW stands on the basis of two large, methodologically sound studies. The first, by ICMR's National Institute of Epidemiology, was a multicentric case–control study carried out over 47 Indian hospitals between May and August 2023. The second, a prospective study currently being conducted by AIIMS in association with ICMR, is investigating causes of sudden unexpected deaths among young adults.

<h2>What Prompted the Investigation?</h2>

In the past year, increased media coverage and public anxiety about sudden, unexpected deaths, especially among those aged 18–45, fueled a spate of misinformation that some tried to attribute to Covid-19 vaccination. In response, the Indian government launched extensive investigations in various institutions to give a data-based analysis of these incidents.

The health ministry emphasized that some of the national agencies, such as ICMR, AIIMS, and the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), carried out systematic studies to investigate the underlying reasons behind <span>sudden deaths</span> among adults. The objective was to conclude with certainty whether or not there exists any relation between the said deaths and earlier Covid-19 vaccinations.

A multicentre matched case–control study, "Factors associated with unexplained sudden deaths among adults aged 18–45 years in India", was carried out by ICMR's National Institute of Epidemiology during May-August 2023. This study covered 47 hospitals and aimed at determining the potential correlation between Covid-19 vaccination and unexplained deaths in young adults.

The verdict was clear: no heightened risk of sudden death from Covid-19 vaccines.

At the same time, AIIMS is carrying out a long-term prospective study named "Establishing the cause in sudden unexplained deaths in young," which is funded and supported by ICMR. The preliminary results support ICMR's findings. The top causes of sudden death remain:

<ul><li>Myocardial infarction (heart attack)</li><li>Genetic predispositions (inherited heart rhythm disorders)</li><li>Lifestyle issues, including alcohol misuse, drug abuse, smoking, and overexertion</li><li>Post-Covid complications like cardiac inflammation or clotting abnormalities</li></ul>

Interestingly, scientists noted that the cause patterns have continued to follow trends similar to those observed in history. That is, the rates of sudden deaths in young adults have not presented any significant upward leap or shift that would be traceable to the Covid-19 vaccination campaign.

The health ministry’s statement comes amid a surge of unfounded claims linking Covid-19 vaccines to heart attacks and sudden deaths. “Scientific experts have reiterated that statements linking Covid vaccination to sudden deaths are false and misleading, and are not supported by scientific consensus,” the ministry said. Such speculation, they warn, can erode public trust in vaccines and fuel hesitancy, potentially reversing the hard-won gains of global immunization campaigns.

Union Minister of Health Mansukh Mandaviya highlighted the role of evidence-based decision-making: "The ICMR report yielded strong evidence discrediting insinuations that the vaccines were behind heart attacks or sudden death. Decisions have to be made on scientific studies and facts, not on misinformation."

<h2>Vaccines Remain Safe and Essential</h2>

The Health Ministry reaffirmed that Covid-19 vaccines given in India are safe and effective, and cases of serious adverse events are very rare. The statement highlighted that the vaccines cannot be blamed for sudden death, particularly without scientific evidence.

The ministry claims that disinformation campaigns attributing vaccines to deaths can be harmful. "Scientific experts have reaffirmed that claims associating Covid vaccination with sudden death are untrue and misleading," the official release said. "Speculative reports in the absence of conclusive evidence may undermine public trust in vaccines, which have saved millions of lives."

Sudden death is a sudden and rapid cardiac arrest in people who typically are otherwise healthy. Since it happens unexpectedly, there is generally no way to prevent or even anticipate it. Without prompt emergency medical treatment, sudden cardiac arrest invariably leads to fatality.

<h2>Identifying Symptoms of Sudden Death</h2>

Sudden death normally happens without warning symptoms. In certain situations, though, there are a few warning signs that flash very briefly, such as:

<ul><li>Near-fainting or dizziness</li><li>Sudden loss of consciousness</li><li>No response to outside stimuli</li><li>Stoppage of breathing</li><li>Skin becomes a bluish or purplish color</li><li>Early detection and emergency treatment are essential, as time is of the essence.</li></ul>

The most common reason for sudden cardiac death is ventricular fibrillation—a life-threatening heart rhythm disorder (arrhythmia) that causes the heart to lose its ability to pump blood effectively. When the heart fails to provide a normal rhythm, blood flow to the body's vital organs, including the brain, is interrupted, rapidly becoming fatal.

<h2>Underlying Heart Conditions Associated with Sudden Death</h2>

Certain underlying diseases of the heart may predispose a person to sudden cardiac arrest:

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A genetic condition characterized by the thickening of the heart muscle, typically the left ventricle. It is the leading cause of sudden death in adults under age 50.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Characterized by enlargement and reduced pumping function of the left ventricle. Although most cases are not clearly caused by a specific disease, viral infections are sometimes responsible.

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia: A genetic disorder in which heart muscle cells are progressively replaced with fatty tissue, primarily found in adults younger than 40.

Brugada Syndrome: An inherited disorder that results in potentially fatal attacks of rapid, irregular heart rhythms (ventricular tachycardia), causing fainting or sudden death.

Long QT Syndrome: A disorder characterized by structural abnormalities in the heart's sodium and potassium channels, causing erratic heart rhythms.

Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia: An inherited condition in which the heart is unusually sensitive to adrenaline, making it more likely to develop potentially fatal arrhythmias.

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As Covid-19 vaccination campaigns reached billions worldwide, so too did widespread public fear of infrequent but highly publicized cases of sudden death after vaccination. Over the past few months, the fear has sparked a spate of conjecture and disinformation, particularly on social media. On Wednesday, the Government of India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) released a statement of the utmost certainty: there is no causative association between Covid-19 vaccines and sudden death in adults. This finding, based on wide-ranging research conducted by the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), is a watershed event for public health worldwide.The MoHFW stands on the basis of two large, methodologically sound studies. The first, by ICMR's National Institute of Epidemiology, was a multicentric case–control study carried out over 47 Indian hospitals between May and August 2023. The second, a prospective study currently being conducted by AIIMS in association with ICMR, is investigating causes of sudden unexpected deaths among young adults.What Prompted the Investigation?In the past year, increased media coverage and public anxiety about sudden, unexpected deaths, especially among those aged 18–45, fueled a spate of misinformation that some tried to attribute to Covid-19 vaccination. In response, the Indian government launched extensive investigations in various institutions to give a data-based analysis of these incidents.The health ministry emphasized that some of the national agencies, such as ICMR, AIIMS, and the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), carried out systematic studies to investigate the underlying reasons behind sudden deaths among adults. The objective was to conclude with certainty whether or not there exists any relation between the said deaths and earlier Covid-19 vaccinations.#HealthForAll Extensive studies by @ICMRDELHI and AIIMS on sudden deaths among adults post COVID have conclusively established no linkage between COVID-19 vaccines and sudden deathsLifestyle and Pre-Existing Conditions identified as key factorshttps://t.co/QEN1X1PKfv&mdash; Ministry of Health (@MoHFW_INDIA) July 2, 2025 ]]>A multicentre matched case–control study, "Factors associated with unexplained sudden deaths among adults aged 18–45 years in India", was carried out by ICMR's National Institute of Epidemiology during May-August 2023. This study covered 47 hospitals and aimed at determining the potential correlation between Covid-19 vaccination and unexplained deaths in young adults.The verdict was clear: no heightened risk of sudden death from Covid-19 vaccines.At the same time, AIIMS is carrying out a long-term prospective study named "Establishing the cause in sudden unexplained deaths in young," which is funded and supported by ICMR. The preliminary results support ICMR's findings. The top causes of sudden death remain:Myocardial infarction (heart attack)Genetic predispositions (inherited heart rhythm disorders)Lifestyle issues, including alcohol misuse, drug abuse, smoking, and overexertionPost-Covid complications like cardiac inflammation or clotting abnormalitiesInterestingly, scientists noted that the cause patterns have continued to follow trends similar to those observed in history. That is, the rates of sudden deaths in young adults have not presented any significant upward leap or shift that would be traceable to the Covid-19 vaccination campaign.Debunking MisinformationThe health ministry’s statement comes amid a surge of unfounded claims linking Covid-19 vaccines to heart attacks and sudden deaths. “Scientific experts have reiterated that statements linking Covid vaccination to sudden deaths are false and misleading, and are not supported by scientific consensus,” the ministry said. Such speculation, they warn, can erode public trust in vaccines and fuel hesitancy, potentially reversing the hard-won gains of global immunization campaigns.➡️ Extensive studies by #ICMR and #AIIMS  on sudden deaths  among adults post #COVID have conclusively established no linkage between COVID-19 vaccines and sudden deaths ➡️ Lifestyle and Pre-Existing Conditions identified as key factors➡️ The ICMR and NCDC have been working…&mdash; PIB India (@PIB_India) July 2, 2025 ]]>Union Minister of Health Mansukh Mandaviya highlighted the role of evidence-based decision-making: "The ICMR report yielded strong evidence discrediting insinuations that the vaccines were behind heart attacks or sudden death. Decisions have to be made on scientific studies and facts, not on misinformation."Vaccines Remain Safe and EssentialThe Health Ministry reaffirmed that Covid-19 vaccines given in India are safe and effective, and cases of serious adverse events are very rare. The statement highlighted that the vaccines cannot be blamed for sudden death, particularly without scientific evidence.The ministry claims that disinformation campaigns attributing vaccines to deaths can be harmful. "Scientific experts have reaffirmed that claims associating Covid vaccination with sudden death are untrue and misleading," the official release said. "Speculative reports in the absence of conclusive evidence may undermine public trust in vaccines, which have saved millions of lives."What Is Sudden Death?Sudden death is a sudden and rapid cardiac arrest in people who typically are otherwise healthy. Since it happens unexpectedly, there is generally no way to prevent or even anticipate it. Without prompt emergency medical treatment, sudden cardiac arrest invariably leads to fatality.Identifying Symptoms of Sudden DeathSudden death normally happens without warning symptoms. In certain situations, though, there are a few warning signs that flash very briefly, such as:Near-fainting or dizzinessSudden loss of consciousnessNo response to outside stimuliStoppage of breathingSkin becomes a bluish or purplish colorEarly detection and emergency treatment are essential, as time is of the essence.What Causes Sudden Death?The most common reason for sudden cardiac death is ventricular fibrillation—a life-threatening heart rhythm disorder (arrhythmia) that causes the heart to lose its ability to pump blood effectively. When the heart fails to provide a normal rhythm, blood flow to the body's vital organs, including the brain, is interrupted, rapidly becoming fatal.Underlying Heart Conditions Associated with Sudden DeathCertain underlying diseases of the heart may predispose a person to sudden cardiac arrest:Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A genetic condition characterized by the thickening of the heart muscle, typically the left ventricle. It is the leading cause of sudden death in adults under age 50.Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Characterized by enlargement and reduced pumping function of the left ventricle. Although most cases are not clearly caused by a specific disease, viral infections are sometimes responsible.Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia: A genetic disorder in which heart muscle cells are progressively replaced with fatty tissue, primarily found in adults younger than 40.Brugada Syndrome: An inherited disorder that results in potentially fatal attacks of rapid, irregular heart rhythms (ventricular tachycardia), causing fainting or sudden death.Long QT Syndrome: A disorder characterized by structural abnormalities in the heart's sodium and potassium channels, causing erratic heart rhythms.Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia: An inherited condition in which the heart is unusually sensitive to adrenaline, making it more likely to develop potentially fatal arrhythmias.

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In a comprehensive study spanning more than five decades, researchers have found that overall deaths due to heart disease in the United States have significantly declined since 1970. 

However, the study also points to a concerning rise in mortality from specific non-ischemic heart conditions such as heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, and arrhythmias.

Published online on June 25 in the Journal of the American Heart Association, the research highlights both the gains made in managing ischemic heart disease and the urgent need to address other forms of cardiovascular illness.

<h4>66% Drop in Overall Heart Disease Mortality</h4>

The study, led by Dr. Sara J. King of Stanford University School of Medicine, analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Vital Statistics System. It focused on U.S. adults aged 25 and older, tracking age-adjusted heart disease mortality rates from 1970 through 2022.

The findings are significant: overall heart disease mortality dropped by 66 percent—from 761 deaths per 100,000 people in 1970 to 258 per 100,000 in 2022. This decline is largely attributed to advances in the treatment and prevention of ischemic heart disease, especially acute myocardial infarctions, commonly known as heart attacks.

The proportion of heart disease deaths attributed to ischemic heart disease also declined sharply. In 1970, ischemic conditions accounted for 91 percent of all heart disease deaths. By 2022, that number had dropped to 53 percent.

<h4>Sharp Decline in Heart Attack-Related Deaths</h4>

One of the most notable findings was the 89 percent decline in deaths due to acute myocardial infarction. 

Mortality from all ischemic heart diseases decreased by 81 percent. These improvements have been credited to better public awareness, improved emergency response systems, lifestyle changes, and the development of more effective medications and medical procedures.

“This evolution over the past 50 years reflects incredible successes in the way heart attacks and other types of ischemic heart disease are managed,” said Dr. King in a statement released with the study.

<h4>Rise in Non-Ischemic Heart Conditions</h4>

However, not all trends pointed in a positive direction. The same period saw a significant increase—81 percent—in mortality from non-ischemic forms of heart disease. Most notably, the death rate from arrhythmias rose by 450 percent, while hypertensive heart disease and heart failure saw increases of 106 and 146 percent, respectively.

These figures suggest that while the fight against ischemic heart disease has made great strides, the growing burden of other cardiac conditions may require new strategies and interventions.

“The substantial increase in deaths from other types of heart conditions, including heart failure and arrhythmias, poses emerging challenges the medical community must address,” said Dr. King.

<strong>Note: The authors of the study acknowledged financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry, a standard disclosure in research of this nature.</strong>

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In a comprehensive study spanning more than five decades, researchers have found that overall deaths due to heart disease in the United States have significantly declined since 1970. However, the study also points to a concerning rise in mortality from specific non-ischemic heart conditions such as heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, and arrhythmias.Published online on June 25 in the Journal of the American Heart Association, the research highlights both the gains made in managing ischemic heart disease and the urgent need to address other forms of cardiovascular illness.66% Drop in Overall Heart Disease MortalityThe study, led by Dr. Sara J. King of Stanford University School of Medicine, analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Vital Statistics System. It focused on U.S. adults aged 25 and older, tracking age-adjusted heart disease mortality rates from 1970 through 2022.The findings are significant: overall heart disease mortality dropped by 66 percent—from 761 deaths per 100,000 people in 1970 to 258 per 100,000 in 2022. This decline is largely attributed to advances in the treatment and prevention of ischemic heart disease, especially acute myocardial infarctions, commonly known as heart attacks.The proportion of heart disease deaths attributed to ischemic heart disease also declined sharply. In 1970, ischemic conditions accounted for 91 percent of all heart disease deaths. By 2022, that number had dropped to 53 percent.Sharp Decline in Heart Attack-Related DeathsOne of the most notable findings was the 89 percent decline in deaths due to acute myocardial infarction. Mortality from all ischemic heart diseases decreased by 81 percent. These improvements have been credited to better public awareness, improved emergency response systems, lifestyle changes, and the development of more effective medications and medical procedures.“This evolution over the past 50 years reflects incredible successes in the way heart attacks and other types of ischemic heart disease are managed,” said Dr. King in a statement released with the study.Rise in Non-Ischemic Heart ConditionsHowever, not all trends pointed in a positive direction. The same period saw a significant increase—81 percent—in mortality from non-ischemic forms of heart disease. Most notably, the death rate from arrhythmias rose by 450 percent, while hypertensive heart disease and heart failure saw increases of 106 and 146 percent, respectively.These figures suggest that while the fight against ischemic heart disease has made great strides, the growing burden of other cardiac conditions may require new strategies and interventions.“The substantial increase in deaths from other types of heart conditions, including heart failure and arrhythmias, poses emerging challenges the medical community must address,” said Dr. King.Note: The authors of the study acknowledged financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry, a standard disclosure in research of this nature.

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