Health and Me

Tanya Dutt

IVF: What Is The Right Age To Start, How Many Times You Can Try And What To Expect

Starting a family is a very personal experience—one that comes with optimism, questions, and sometimes, unforeseen setbacks. If you've been the one asking, "Is it too early or too late for <span>IVF</span>?" or "How many attempts can we make before we give up?"—you're not the only one. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) has brought new possibilities to couples fighting infertility, but timing, expectations, and psychological preparation are vital. From biological clocks to financial realities, understanding when and how to begin IVF can make all the difference. 

An IVF expert helps break down all the elements involved in conceiving via In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). As assisted reproduction becomes more prominent and mainstream, it's important to consider IVF from a broader picture than the mere clinical procedure. Whether one is successful or not with IVF depends on an intricate mix of biology, preparedness, and timing—factors that are very personal and specific to each and every individual and couple.

Timing in IVF is not so much a matter of calendar or age—it is a question of coordinating physical health, emotional readiness, and financial capability.

Biologically, age plays a pivotal role, particularly for women. A woman is born with all the eggs she will ever possess, and as she gets older, both the number and quality of these eggs decrease. This natural decline generally becomes appreciable after age 30 and more sharply after 35. In Dr. Pavithra M, Fertility Consultant at Garbhagudi IVF Centre's opinion, "The best time for a woman to opt for IVF is between her early to mid-30s. Fertility starts decreasing gradually from age 30, and after 35, the possibilities fall sharply." Conversely, men have a more insidious decline in fertility, with sperm quality usually decreasing after 40–45 years of age. Reduced motility, sperm density, and elevated DNA fragmentation can impact IVF success when paternal age is increased. While men can theoretically sire children at older ages, older paternal age has been linked to greater conception and <span>pregnancy</span> complications.

IVF initiated at an earlier reproductive age offers higher chances of success per cycle, requires fewer attempts, and can be more cost-effective. “Success rates are significantly higher in younger women,” says Dr. Pavithra. “That’s why early intervention is key.”

<h2>How Many Times Can Couples Try IVF?</h2>

IVF is not a single-process affair, and the number of attempts necessary can range widely. Although there is no theoretical limit to the number of cycles an individual or couple may attempt, professionals insist on a realistic strategy.

"Usually, if the patient has failed to conceive after three to four IVF cycles, it might not be worth continuing," says Dr. Pavithra. She adds that repeated failure of cycles deserve a more in-depth examination of protocols, lifestyle influences, and possible underlying pathology.

For others, it is in the first or second try. For others, it may be six or more. But the process is physically and psychologically draining. Many insurance policies don't entirely cover fertility treatment, so couples are left with significant out-of-pocket costs. Aside from cost, the bodily and psychological price of hormone shots, egg retrieval, and successive failures is significant.

Clinically, once three to six cycles have failed, physicians usually re-evaluate everything right from the embryo quality to uterine status and even immunological variables. "Every failed cycle is also a diagnostic," Dr. Pavithra says. "We know more about the reproductive health of the couple after each attempt."

<h2>Waiting Between IVF Cycles: How Long Should You Pause?</h2>

The mind and body require time to recuperate between IVF cycles. Experts normally advise a break of one to three months between tries, depending on how the person has coped physically and emotionally.

"The waiting time between cycles is very important for emotional recuperation," says Dr. Pavithra. "It also provides time to analyze embryo growth from the previous cycle, make necessary changes to protocols, and mentally prepare for the next step."

In some situations—particularly with diminished ovarian reserve or age-related drop)—physicians might start another cycle in as brief a time as a month. This accelerated timing is often selected if waiting would result in a subsequent diminishment of egg quantity and quality. It is not typically recommended, though, to hurry into back-to-back cycles, because physical stress can compromise oocyte (egg) quality and affect results.

When IVF fails the first time, there is usually an emotional rollercoaster for couples. Understand that a failed cycle does not necessarily mean something is "wrong" with you—but it may indicate that further investigation is needed.

About 50–70% of implantation failure is due to chromosomal defects in the embryo. Other problems are due to poor development or inadequate lab conditions on the embryo side. On the maternal side, some causes of failure include uterine abnormalities such as fibroids or polyps, thin endometrium, or even immunological disorders.

"Sometimes" and even with" all" being "good quality eggs," "embryos," and "a healthy uterus," implantation just doesn't happen," explains Dr. Pavithra. "Those are termed idiopathic or unexplained cases." In these cases, additional testing would usually be carried out to detect any immunological reasons why" the body is rejecting the embryo, and treatment would be designed to curb overactive immune reactions.

Hormonal instability, endometriosis, blood clot disorders, and lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol drinking, or major weight concerns also contribute to outcomes. IVF involves considering the whole person, usually with lifestyle changes alongside medical treatments.

IVF is not just a fertility treatment, it is a journey that is as much diagnostic as it is therapeutic. For several couples, IVF is the start of an understanding of their reproductive well-being. Even though pregnancy may not be achieved in the first try, the process provides insight into egg quality, sperm condition, and the body's reaction to assisted reproduction.

Couples have to enter this process educated and emotionally equipped. They need to be patient, resilient, and realistic. While science and medicine can lay out the route, the choice of when to begin, how many times to attempt, and when to stop or take a break is a highly personal decision.

Statistics reveal that the majority of successful IVF pregnancies happen during the first three to six cycles, but there can be variations depending on age, reason for infertility, and other medical factors. The process tends to be non-linear, and support in any form—whether from medical providers, therapists, or loved ones—can be the turning point.

In the end, the optimal time to start IVF is not a number, but rather defined by personal health, relationship maturity, and life situation. For certain individuals, beginning in one's early 30s can be the highest likelihood of success. For others, IVF at an older age is still a viable and worthwhile option—particularly with newer developments such as egg freezing and donor assistance.

As Dr. Pavithra notes, "IVF is a journey of hope, science, and strength. It's crucial that couples don't lose hope with one or even more failed attempts. Every step brings us closer to knowing what the body needs to nourish new life."

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ivf failure reasons

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ivf treatment guide

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Starting a family is a very personal experience—one that comes with optimism, questions, and sometimes, unforeseen setbacks. If you've been the one asking, "Is it too early or too late for IVF?" or "How many attempts can we make before we give up?"—you're not the only one. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) has brought new possibilities to couples fighting infertility, but timing, expectations, and psychological preparation are vital. From biological clocks to financial realities, understanding when and how to begin IVF can make all the difference. An IVF expert helps break down all the elements involved in conceiving via In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). As assisted reproduction becomes more prominent and mainstream, it's important to consider IVF from a broader picture than the mere clinical procedure. Whether one is successful or not with IVF depends on an intricate mix of biology, preparedness, and timing—factors that are very personal and specific to each and every individual and couple.Why Timing in IVF Matters?Timing in IVF is not so much a matter of calendar or age—it is a question of coordinating physical health, emotional readiness, and financial capability.Biologically, age plays a pivotal role, particularly for women. A woman is born with all the eggs she will ever possess, and as she gets older, both the number and quality of these eggs decrease. This natural decline generally becomes appreciable after age 30 and more sharply after 35. In Dr. Pavithra M, Fertility Consultant at Garbhagudi IVF Centre's opinion, "The best time for a woman to opt for IVF is between her early to mid-30s. Fertility starts decreasing gradually from age 30, and after 35, the possibilities fall sharply." Conversely, men have a more insidious decline in fertility, with sperm quality usually decreasing after 40–45 years of age. Reduced motility, sperm density, and elevated DNA fragmentation can impact IVF success when paternal age is increased. While men can theoretically sire children at older ages, older paternal age has been linked to greater conception and pregnancy complications.IVF initiated at an earlier reproductive age offers higher chances of success per cycle, requires fewer attempts, and can be more cost-effective. “Success rates are significantly higher in younger women,” says Dr. Pavithra. “That’s why early intervention is key.”How Many Times Can Couples Try IVF?IVF is not a single-process affair, and the number of attempts necessary can range widely. Although there is no theoretical limit to the number of cycles an individual or couple may attempt, professionals insist on a realistic strategy."Usually, if the patient has failed to conceive after three to four IVF cycles, it might not be worth continuing," says Dr. Pavithra. She adds that repeated failure of cycles deserve a more in-depth examination of protocols, lifestyle influences, and possible underlying pathology.For others, it is in the first or second try. For others, it may be six or more. But the process is physically and psychologically draining. Many insurance policies don't entirely cover fertility treatment, so couples are left with significant out-of-pocket costs. Aside from cost, the bodily and psychological price of hormone shots, egg retrieval, and successive failures is significant.Clinically, once three to six cycles have failed, physicians usually re-evaluate everything right from the embryo quality to uterine status and even immunological variables. "Every failed cycle is also a diagnostic," Dr. Pavithra says. "We know more about the reproductive health of the couple after each attempt."Waiting Between IVF Cycles: How Long Should You Pause?The mind and body require time to recuperate between IVF cycles. Experts normally advise a break of one to three months between tries, depending on how the person has coped physically and emotionally."The waiting time between cycles is very important for emotional recuperation," says Dr. Pavithra. "It also provides time to analyze embryo growth from the previous cycle, make necessary changes to protocols, and mentally prepare for the next step."In some situations—particularly with diminished ovarian reserve or age-related drop)—physicians might start another cycle in as brief a time as a month. This accelerated timing is often selected if waiting would result in a subsequent diminishment of egg quantity and quality. It is not typically recommended, though, to hurry into back-to-back cycles, because physical stress can compromise oocyte (egg) quality and affect results.What if IVF Fails?When IVF fails the first time, there is usually an emotional rollercoaster for couples. Understand that a failed cycle does not necessarily mean something is "wrong" with you—but it may indicate that further investigation is needed.About 50–70% of implantation failure is due to chromosomal defects in the embryo. Other problems are due to poor development or inadequate lab conditions on the embryo side. On the maternal side, some causes of failure include uterine abnormalities such as fibroids or polyps, thin endometrium, or even immunological disorders."Sometimes" and even with" all" being "good quality eggs," "embryos," and "a healthy uterus," implantation just doesn't happen," explains Dr. Pavithra. "Those are termed idiopathic or unexplained cases." In these cases, additional testing would usually be carried out to detect any immunological reasons why" the body is rejecting the embryo, and treatment would be designed to curb overactive immune reactions.Hormonal instability, endometriosis, blood clot disorders, and lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol drinking, or major weight concerns also contribute to outcomes. IVF involves considering the whole person, usually with lifestyle changes alongside medical treatments.What Couples Should Expect?IVF is not just a fertility treatment, it is a journey that is as much diagnostic as it is therapeutic. For several couples, IVF is the start of an understanding of their reproductive well-being. Even though pregnancy may not be achieved in the first try, the process provides insight into egg quality, sperm condition, and the body's reaction to assisted reproduction.Couples have to enter this process educated and emotionally equipped. They need to be patient, resilient, and realistic. While science and medicine can lay out the route, the choice of when to begin, how many times to attempt, and when to stop or take a break is a highly personal decision.Statistics reveal that the majority of successful IVF pregnancies happen during the first three to six cycles, but there can be variations depending on age, reason for infertility, and other medical factors. The process tends to be non-linear, and support in any form—whether from medical providers, therapists, or loved ones—can be the turning point.Is There A "Perfect Timing"?In the end, the optimal time to start IVF is not a number, but rather defined by personal health, relationship maturity, and life situation. For certain individuals, beginning in one's early 30s can be the highest likelihood of success. For others, IVF at an older age is still a viable and worthwhile option—particularly with newer developments such as egg freezing and donor assistance.As Dr. Pavithra notes, "IVF is a journey of hope, science, and strength. It's crucial that couples don't lose hope with one or even more failed attempts. Every step brings us closer to knowing what the body needs to nourish new life."

ivf: what is the right age to start, how many times you can try and what to expect

Aarushi Bhadury

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As summers progress in the UK, people are planning out vacations, and a restful summer evening as the long days give plenty of room to do things you wish to even after you finish your work. However, these plans can very well come to an end if you do not take the correct precautions. 

The NHS has sent out an important alert because cases of <span>norovirus</span>, also known as the "<span>winter vomiting bug</span>," are higher than usual. Although norovirus, seasonally, is a bigger issue in winter, the rising number of cases prompted the NHS to warn people. In a social media post on platform X, they explained that this highly contagious illness is causing widespread concern, and the NHS is urging people to be aware of its symptoms. They've noted that while norovirus can spread all year round, current numbers are particularly elevated.

<h2>Norovirus: Symptoms and Self-Care </h2>

Norovirus typically causes <span>diarrhea and vomiting</span>. While these symptoms are very uncomfortable, they usually get better within a couple of days. The NHS advises that for most people, treating themselves at home is the best approach, emphasizing the importance of drinking plenty of fluids to <span>avoid dehydration</span>. Common symptoms of norovirus include: 

<ul><li>Sudden nausea (feeling sick)</li><li>Vomiting</li><li>Diarrhea</li><li>Sometimes a fever, headaches, stomach cramps, and aching limbs</li></ul>

Recent data from the UK shows a significant increase in reported norovirus cases. Between May 26 and June 29 this year, there were over 16,600 cases, which is much higher than the average for the same period over the past five years. 

However, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has also reported that norovirus cases are now starting to decline and are returning to expected levels after a seasonal peak. Even with this decline, the number of reports in recent weeks was still higher than the five-year average for that same time frame, mainly due to a high number of cases reported earlier in the period. 

Due to the contagious nature of the virus, one must remember to take correct precautions not to spread them. Even a small, seemingly insignificant move could cause you to become a carrier. 

<ul><li>Don't wash your hands properly after using the toilet.</li><li>Are in close contact with someone who has the virus.</li><li>Touch surfaces or objects that have the virus and then touch your mouth.</li><li>Eat food prepared by someone with norovirus.</li><li>Consume contaminated water or food.</li></ul>

To help stop norovirus from spreading, the NHS recommends some important steps. Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the toilet, changing diapers, or before preparing or eating food. It's also important to remember that alcohol-based hand gels don't kill norovirus, so soap and water are essential. 

If your clothes or bedding get soiled with vomit or feces, wash them at 60°C (140°F) and separately from other laundry. One must remember to regularly clean shared surfaces like toilet seats, flush handles, taps, and bathroom door handles. You must also try to avoid contact with others as much as possible if you feel unwell. 

If you or your child start showing symptoms of norovirus, it's really important to stay home. Do not go to school, nursery, or work until you haven't thrown up or had diarrhea for two full days (48 hours). This helps prevent the virus from spreading further. Similarly, avoid visiting people in hospitals or care homes during this time. If you or your child have diarrhea that lasts for more than seven days, or if vomiting continues for more than two days, seek medical help. 

Norovirus

Norovirus symptoms

winter vomiting bug

is norovirus contagious

avoid dehydration

diarrhea and vomiting

As summers progress in the UK, people are planning out vacations, and a restful summer evening as the long days give plenty of room to do things you wish to even after you finish your work. However, these plans can very well come to an end if you do not take the correct precautions. The NHS has sent out an important alert because cases of norovirus, also known as the "winter vomiting bug," are higher than usual. Although norovirus, seasonally, is a bigger issue in winter, the rising number of cases prompted the NHS to warn people. In a social media post on platform X, they explained that this highly contagious illness is causing widespread concern, and the NHS is urging people to be aware of its symptoms. They've noted that while norovirus can spread all year round, current numbers are particularly elevated. Norovirus: Symptoms and Self-Care Norovirus typically causes diarrhea and vomiting. While these symptoms are very uncomfortable, they usually get better within a couple of days. The NHS advises that for most people, treating themselves at home is the best approach, emphasizing the importance of drinking plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration. Common symptoms of norovirus include: Sudden nausea (feeling sick)VomitingDiarrheaSometimes a fever, headaches, stomach cramps, and aching limbsRecent Case Numbers Recent data from the UK shows a significant increase in reported norovirus cases. Between May 26 and June 29 this year, there were over 16,600 cases, which is much higher than the average for the same period over the past five years. However, the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has also reported that norovirus cases are now starting to decline and are returning to expected levels after a seasonal peak. Even with this decline, the number of reports in recent weeks was still higher than the five-year average for that same time frame, mainly due to a high number of cases reported earlier in the period. How Norovirus Spreads Due to the contagious nature of the virus, one must remember to take correct precautions not to spread them. Even a small, seemingly insignificant move could cause you to become a carrier. Don't wash your hands properly after using the toilet.Are in close contact with someone who has the virus.Touch surfaces or objects that have the virus and then touch your mouth.Eat food prepared by someone with norovirus.Consume contaminated water or food.Preventing the Spread To help stop norovirus from spreading, the NHS recommends some important steps. Always wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the toilet, changing diapers, or before preparing or eating food. It's also important to remember that alcohol-based hand gels don't kill norovirus, so soap and water are essential. If your clothes or bedding get soiled with vomit or feces, wash them at 60°C (140°F) and separately from other laundry. One must remember to regularly clean shared surfaces like toilet seats, flush handles, taps, and bathroom door handles. You must also try to avoid contact with others as much as possible if you feel unwell. When to Stay Home and When to Seek Help If you or your child start showing symptoms of norovirus, it's really important to stay home. Do not go to school, nursery, or work until you haven't thrown up or had diarrhea for two full days (48 hours). This helps prevent the virus from spreading further. Similarly, avoid visiting people in hospitals or care homes during this time. If you or your child have diarrhea that lasts for more than seven days, or if vomiting continues for more than two days, seek medical help. 

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<span>Shubhanshu Shukla</span>, the Indian Air Force Group Captain is back on Earth after spending 18 days aboard the International Space Station (<span>ISS</span>). What now awaits is a long list of medical examination to ensure that Shukla and the other astronauts from Poland and Hungary are in good health. 

<h4>What Are The Post-flight Medical Examinations For Astronauts?</h4>

The journey back from space marks the start of a whole new phase for astronauts. Just after splashdown, Group Captain Shukla and his fellow crewmates were helped out of the capsule by SpaceX recovery teams. Once aboard the recovery vessel, they underwent initial medical checks to assess their vital signs and general health.

These immediate tests are part of a broader post-flight health monitoring protocol aimed at studying how spaceflight affects the human body. Since astronauts’ health parameters are recorded before launch, comparing them with post-landing data helps scientists understand the impact of microgravity on various body systems.

As the pilot of the Axiom-4 mission, Shukla will undergo an extensive series of assessments — from cardiovascular and immune system checks to balance, coordination, and psychological evaluations. 

Over the coming weeks, both NASA and the Indian Air Force will monitor his physical and mental recovery closely.

Readjusting to Earth’s gravity is not instant. In space, the lack of gravity leads to muscle weakening, bone density loss, and a fluid shift in the body that can affect circulation and organ function. To counter this, astronauts follow a personalized reconditioning plan designed to help their bodies re-adapt. These programmes focus not only on regaining strength but also on retraining the body’s proprioception — the sensory system that allows us to sense our position and movement, which becomes disoriented in space.

<h4>Life in Microgravity: What It Feels Like</h4>

Speaking from the International Space Station during the mission, Shukla had shared the strange feeling of disorientation he experienced during his initial days in orbit. “It’s the first time for me, so I don’t know what to expect [upon return],” he said. “The only hope is — I did have some symptoms coming up — so I am hoping that I will not have it going down. Unless and until I get the worst of both worlds and I get it both the times.”

Many astronauts deal with “space motion sickness” during the early days of their mission. This occurs when the brain receives mixed signals from the inner ear, which is crucial for balance on Earth. Upon return, the challenge reverses — as the body tries to function under the force of gravity again, simple actions like standing or walking can temporarily become difficult.

According to official reports, Shukla and his team will soon be transported to NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston for further recovery and evaluation, either by sea or air.

As per Polash Sannigarhi, Chief Instructor, Aeromedical, Training Center, Air Force Station Hindan, Ghaziabad, there are many rounds of medical checks that an astronaut undergoes. Being a flight surgeon himself, he writes in the paper, "<em>Post-flight rehabilitation of an astronaut after long duration mission in space: Through the eyes of a flight surgeon</em>" published in 2023. 

Medical assessments begin within a day of landing (R+1) and cover a wide range of investigations:

<strong>Laboratory Tests: </strong>Conducted per NASA’s MEDB guidelines to assess biochemical and physiological parameters.

<strong>Physical Examination: </strong>Daily systemic check-ups by a flight surgeon to monitor overall health.

<strong>Anthropometry:</strong> Measurement of height and body mass to assess fluid shift and skeletal changes.

<strong>Psychological Assessments: </strong>Conducted privately by a mission psychologist on R+1 and R+10.

<strong>Sensorimotor and Vestibular Tests: </strong>Includes dynamic posturography and mobility assessments to evaluate balance and spatial orientation.

<strong>Ophthalmologic and Audiological Tests: </strong>Exams such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, orbital MRI, and audiometry.

<strong>Cardiorespiratory Assessment: </strong>ECG post-landing and spiro-ergometry on R+5 to assess VO₂ max.

Nutritional, Radiation, and Sleep Assessments: Involves dietary surveys, urine and blood sampling, dosimeter analysis, and sleep quality tracking.

<strong>Radiological Imaging: </strong>Targeted MRIs and ultrasounds are performed based on clinical indications.

<h5>Post-flight Physical Rehabilitation</h5>

This begins as early as the first day post-landing and is tailored to individual needs. A multidisciplinary team — including a Flight Surgeon, Physiotherapist, and Exercise Specialist — oversees it.

<strong>Initial Days (R0–R+1):</strong> Massage therapy for muscle relaxation.

<strong>R+2 to R+7: </strong>Structured exercise routines, including warm-ups, back and leg activation exercises, gait training, balance drills, and posture work using equipment like resistance bands.

<strong>Hydrotherapy (Following Week): </strong>Aquatic activities like aqua jogging and ball games mimic microgravity and help recondition muscles in a low-impact environment.

Core anti-gravity muscles such as the multifidus and transversus abdominis are monitored using ultrasound to track structural recovery. Flexibility and proprioception exercises are gradually reintroduced. Astronauts avoid jumping or high-impact activities until deemed fit by the team.

Each day concludes with team reviews to adapt the next day’s plan based on physical response. The program’s primary goal is to return astronauts to their pre-flight physical condition safely, without overexertion or injury.

shubhanshu shukla

subhanshu shukla

Air space

medical checks for astronauts

india health news

health news

Shubhanshu Shukla, the Indian Air Force Group Captain is back on Earth after spending 18 days aboard the International Space Station (ISS). What now awaits is a long list of medical examination to ensure that Shukla and the other astronauts from Poland and Hungary are in good health. What Are The Post-flight Medical Examinations For Astronauts?The journey back from space marks the start of a whole new phase for astronauts. Just after splashdown, Group Captain Shukla and his fellow crewmates were helped out of the capsule by SpaceX recovery teams. Once aboard the recovery vessel, they underwent initial medical checks to assess their vital signs and general health.These immediate tests are part of a broader post-flight health monitoring protocol aimed at studying how spaceflight affects the human body. Since astronauts’ health parameters are recorded before launch, comparing them with post-landing data helps scientists understand the impact of microgravity on various body systems.As the pilot of the Axiom-4 mission, Shukla will undergo an extensive series of assessments — from cardiovascular and immune system checks to balance, coordination, and psychological evaluations. Over the coming weeks, both NASA and the Indian Air Force will monitor his physical and mental recovery closely.Readjusting to Earth’s gravity is not instant. In space, the lack of gravity leads to muscle weakening, bone density loss, and a fluid shift in the body that can affect circulation and organ function. To counter this, astronauts follow a personalized reconditioning plan designed to help their bodies re-adapt. These programmes focus not only on regaining strength but also on retraining the body’s proprioception — the sensory system that allows us to sense our position and movement, which becomes disoriented in space.Life in Microgravity: What It Feels LikeSpeaking from the International Space Station during the mission, Shukla had shared the strange feeling of disorientation he experienced during his initial days in orbit. “It’s the first time for me, so I don’t know what to expect [upon return],” he said. “The only hope is — I did have some symptoms coming up — so I am hoping that I will not have it going down. Unless and until I get the worst of both worlds and I get it both the times.”Many astronauts deal with “space motion sickness” during the early days of their mission. This occurs when the brain receives mixed signals from the inner ear, which is crucial for balance on Earth. Upon return, the challenge reverses — as the body tries to function under the force of gravity again, simple actions like standing or walking can temporarily become difficult.According to official reports, Shukla and his team will soon be transported to NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston for further recovery and evaluation, either by sea or air.Post-Flight RehabilitationAs per Polash Sannigarhi, Chief Instructor, Aeromedical, Training Center, Air Force Station Hindan, Ghaziabad, there are many rounds of medical checks that an astronaut undergoes. Being a flight surgeon himself, he writes in the paper, "Post-flight rehabilitation of an astronaut after long duration mission in space: Through the eyes of a flight surgeon" published in 2023. Post-flight Medical EvaluationMedical assessments begin within a day of landing (R+1) and cover a wide range of investigations:Laboratory Tests: Conducted per NASA’s MEDB guidelines to assess biochemical and physiological parameters.Physical Examination: Daily systemic check-ups by a flight surgeon to monitor overall health.Anthropometry: Measurement of height and body mass to assess fluid shift and skeletal changes.Psychological Assessments: Conducted privately by a mission psychologist on R+1 and R+10.Sensorimotor and Vestibular Tests: Includes dynamic posturography and mobility assessments to evaluate balance and spatial orientation.Ophthalmologic and Audiological Tests: Exams such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, orbital MRI, and audiometry.Cardiorespiratory Assessment: ECG post-landing and spiro-ergometry on R+5 to assess VO₂ max.Nutritional, Radiation, and Sleep Assessments: Involves dietary surveys, urine and blood sampling, dosimeter analysis, and sleep quality tracking.Radiological Imaging: Targeted MRIs and ultrasounds are performed based on clinical indications.Post-flight Physical RehabilitationThis begins as early as the first day post-landing and is tailored to individual needs. A multidisciplinary team — including a Flight Surgeon, Physiotherapist, and Exercise Specialist — oversees it.Initial Days (R0–R+1): Massage therapy for muscle relaxation.R+2 to R+7: Structured exercise routines, including warm-ups, back and leg activation exercises, gait training, balance drills, and posture work using equipment like resistance bands.Hydrotherapy (Following Week): Aquatic activities like aqua jogging and ball games mimic microgravity and help recondition muscles in a low-impact environment.Core anti-gravity muscles such as the multifidus and transversus abdominis are monitored using ultrasound to track structural recovery. Flexibility and proprioception exercises are gradually reintroduced. Astronauts avoid jumping or high-impact activities until deemed fit by the team.Each day concludes with team reviews to adapt the next day’s plan based on physical response. The program’s primary goal is to return astronauts to their pre-flight physical condition safely, without overexertion or injury.

shubhanshu shukla returns from iss, what all medical examinations are lined up

Vaccines For Children Pose No Threat To Their Heart Health: Study

Over 14 Million Children Miss Out On Vaccines Amid Aid Cuts And Rising Misinformation

over 14 million children miss out on vaccines amid aid cuts and rising misinformation

HIV Vaccine Research In South Africa Crumbles As U.S. Pulls Funding

hiv vaccine research in south africa crumbles as u.s. pulls funding

Vaccines have been under public scrutiny for some times now. Many people have brought up their concerns regarding how vaccines can harm their health and how these focus on short-term health while ignoring the long-term well-being. Recently, the claims that vaccines can cause psychological issues like autism and ADHD have been brought up and aluminum in vaccines were questioned. Studies like a 2011 review published in the Current Medicinal Chemistry journal questioned the validity of these vaccines claiming that these can cause autoimmune diseases and the benefits of it are overstated. 

However, a major study involving over 1.2 million people has found no connection between the small amount of aluminum in childhood vaccines and long-term health problems like autism, asthma, or diseases where the body attacks itself. The research, published on July 14 in the Annals of Internal Medicine, rigorously examined 50 chronic conditions, offering significant reassurance about vaccine safety. 

The study explored many health concerns, including: 

<ul><li>36 types of autoimmune diseases (where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy cells).</li><li>Nine different types of allergies and asthma.</li><li>Five brain development disorders, such as autism and ADHD.</li></ul>

<h2>Role of Aluminum in Vaccines</h2>Aluminum is added to some vaccines to help the body build a stronger defense against diseases. It acts like a helper, making the vaccine more effective. However, this added aluminum has sometimes been a concern for people who doubt vaccine safety. 

The researchers behind this study say their work clearly shows that childhood vaccines are safe. This information should help parents feel confident when making choices about their children's health. 

The study team looked at health records from Denmark. They followed people born between 1997 and 2018 until the end of 2020. This allowed them to compare children who received more aluminum in their vaccines before age two with those who received less. It's important to know that children who weren't vaccinated were not included in this particular study. 

<h2>Clearing Up Past Misunderstandings </h2>

This new study also helped clear up confusion from an earlier study in 2022. That study had suggested that there is a link between aluminum in vaccines and asthma. However, many experts criticized that older study because it didn't properly separate the aluminum from vaccines from aluminum that comes from other common sources. For example, aluminum is naturally found in food, water, air, and even breast milk. 

In vaccines, aluminum is used as a "helper" called an adjuvant. This helper makes the body's immune system respond strongly to the vaccine. Without adjuvants, the vaccine might not work as well, or it could even do the opposite of what's intended, which is making the body less protected rather than more. 

The aluminum in vaccines is present in very tiny amounts, and it's in the form of aluminum salts, which are very different from the actual metal aluminum. It's crucial for parents to understand that they are not injecting metal into children. Most of this aluminum leaves the body within about two weeks, though a very small amount can stay for years. 

<h2>What This Means for Vaccine Safety </h2>

While no single study can prove something is completely safe, this new research adds to many years of studies that all show aluminum in vaccines is not harmful. It's the combined information from all these studies over time that truly shows how safe vaccines are. 

Researchers stress that vaccines containing aluminum are a very important part of childhood immunization programs. They believe it's essential to keep politics out of discussions about this topic because children's health depends on these vaccines. 

Vaccines For Children

Vaccines and health

Do vaccines cause health issues

Health issues caused by vaccines

vaccines and long term health

do vaccines cause autism

Vaccines have been under public scrutiny for some times now. Many people have brought up their concerns regarding how vaccines can harm their health and how these focus on short-term health while ignoring the long-term well-being. Recently, the claims that vaccines can cause psychological issues like autism and ADHD have been brought up and aluminum in vaccines were questioned. Studies like a 2011 review published in the Current Medicinal Chemistry journal questioned the validity of these vaccines claiming that these can cause autoimmune diseases and the benefits of it are overstated. However, a major study involving over 1.2 million people has found no connection between the small amount of aluminum in childhood vaccines and long-term health problems like autism, asthma, or diseases where the body attacks itself. The research, published on July 14 in the Annals of Internal Medicine, rigorously examined 50 chronic conditions, offering significant reassurance about vaccine safety. What the Study Looked At The study explored many health concerns, including: 36 types of autoimmune diseases (where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy cells).Nine different types of allergies and asthma.Five brain development disorders, such as autism and ADHD.Role of Aluminum in VaccinesAluminum is added to some vaccines to help the body build a stronger defense against diseases. It acts like a helper, making the vaccine more effective. However, this added aluminum has sometimes been a concern for people who doubt vaccine safety. The researchers behind this study say their work clearly shows that childhood vaccines are safe. This information should help parents feel confident when making choices about their children's health. The study team looked at health records from Denmark. They followed people born between 1997 and 2018 until the end of 2020. This allowed them to compare children who received more aluminum in their vaccines before age two with those who received less. It's important to know that children who weren't vaccinated were not included in this particular study. Clearing Up Past Misunderstandings This new study also helped clear up confusion from an earlier study in 2022. That study had suggested that there is a link between aluminum in vaccines and asthma. However, many experts criticized that older study because it didn't properly separate the aluminum from vaccines from aluminum that comes from other common sources. For example, aluminum is naturally found in food, water, air, and even breast milk. What Aluminum Does in Vaccines In vaccines, aluminum is used as a "helper" called an adjuvant. This helper makes the body's immune system respond strongly to the vaccine. Without adjuvants, the vaccine might not work as well, or it could even do the opposite of what's intended, which is making the body less protected rather than more. The aluminum in vaccines is present in very tiny amounts, and it's in the form of aluminum salts, which are very different from the actual metal aluminum. It's crucial for parents to understand that they are not injecting metal into children. Most of this aluminum leaves the body within about two weeks, though a very small amount can stay for years. What This Means for Vaccine Safety While no single study can prove something is completely safe, this new research adds to many years of studies that all show aluminum in vaccines is not harmful. It's the combined information from all these studies over time that truly shows how safe vaccines are. Researchers stress that vaccines containing aluminum are a very important part of childhood immunization programs. They believe it's essential to keep politics out of discussions about this topic because children's health depends on these vaccines. 

vaccines for children pose no threat to their heart health or other health issues: study

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NHS Warns People To Look Out For These Symptoms - If It Persists For More Than Two Days, Visit Your Doctor

Shubhanshu Shukla Returns From ISS, What All Medical Examinations Are Lined Up

Vaccines For Children Pose No Threat To Their Heart Health Or Other Health Issues: Study

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NHS Warns People To Look Out For These Symptoms - If It Persists For More Than Two Days, Visit Your Doctor

Shubhanshu Shukla Returns From ISS, What All Medical Examinations Are Lined Up

Vaccines For Children Pose No Threat To Their Heart Health Or Other Health Issues: Study