Tanya Dutt

Checklists And Safety Precautions Before, During And After Surgery

Patient safety is the foundation of modern healthcare. The World Health Organization has recognized its critical importance by declaring September 17 as World Patient Safety Day. This observance aims to enhance global understanding of patient safety, encourage public participation, and support worldwide initiatives to reduce patient injury.

According to Associate Consultant in Internal Medicine, Dr. Mahadev Pokale, "Patient safety is not a step but a continuous process. From pre-operative evaluation to post-operative care, every stage is crucial for minimizing risks and ensuring optimum outcomes." Let's begin with the safety measures prior to, during, and after surgery.

Preparation before a surgical procedure is as significant as the process itself. Right planning prevents risks and ensures readiness to deal with any surprise complication by the medical staff involved.

<strong>1. Full Medical Check-Up</strong>

Start with a detailed consultation with your physician and surgeon. Inform them of your complete medical history, including existing conditions, allergies, and medications. Dr. Pokale advises, "A pre-operative consultation helps address underlying health issues and sets the stage for a smooth surgical experience."

<strong>2. Understanding the Procedure</strong>

Make sure you fully understand the surgery, its benefits, and potential risks. If in doubt, seek a second opinion. Being informed empowers you to make decisions confidently and reduces anxiety.

<strong>3. Preparing Physically and Mentally</strong>

- Follow your doctor’s instructions regarding fasting (usually eight hours before surgery) to avoid complications during anesthesia.

- Discontinue medications like blood thinners if instructed by your doctor.

- Hygiene: Keep your house clean. Remove tripping hazards. Stock up essential supplies.

<strong>4. Practical Arrangements</strong>

Make arrangement for someone to take you to and fro from the hospital as you might not be able to drive back home.

The surgical process itself involves several safety protocols in order to ensure accuracy and minimize risks. The WHO <span>Surgical Safety Checklist</span> is pivotal for this purpose, and divides the operation into three phases: Sign-In, Time-Out, and Sign-Out.

The surgical team will confirm your identity, procedure, and surgical site. This stage ensures all important information is the same as that listed on the consent form. All allergies to medications and previous adverse reactions to anesthesia are also confirmed.

This stage is an emphasis on teamwork and communication. Everyone in the room introduces himself and his plan:

<ul><li>Surgical Plan: The surgeon verifies the procedure and verifies all instruments and equipment are ready.</li><li>Nursing Plan: Nurses check equipment and supplies.</li><li>Anesthesia Plan: The anesthesiologist verifies readiness and availability of specialty equipment if necessary.</li></ul>

At this point, antibiotics may also be given to minimize the risk of infection.

<h4>3. Sign-Out: Upon Leaving the Operating Room</h4>

When the surgery is complete, the team verifies:

<ul><li>Documentation of the procedure, anesthetic used, and complications.</li><li>Specimens are correctly labeled for testing.</li><li>Equipment checks and instrument counts are done to avoid retained surgical items.</li><li>A preliminary discussion of the postoperative recovery plan.</li></ul>

Postoperative care is an extension of patient safety. Recovery is sensitive, and strict adherence to medical recommendations is necessary during this phase.

In follow-up visits with your doctor, progress monitoring and concern addressing are accomplished. The dressing changes and visits to the surgical site frequently will prevent infections and complications during healing.

<strong>2. Medicine and Pain Management</strong>

Take all the prescribed painkillers and antibiotics. Do not use too many pain medications; instead, try other techniques such as deep breathing and meditation to handle pain.

<strong>3. Physiological Recovery</strong>

Do not do heavy lifting. Gradually return to routine as recommended. Rest is very important; however, bed rest should not be total unless so advised. Gentle activity can aid in blood circulation and recovery.

A well-balanced diet full of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains will support recovery. Drinking enough fluids and getting the right nutrients helps rebuild strength.

<strong>5. Being Aware of Warning Signs</strong>

Be aware of signs of infection such as swelling, redness, or fever. Get medical attention right away if you experience excessive bleeding or other unusual symptoms.

<h2>Why Safety is a Shared Responsibility</h2>

Patient safety is not the sole responsibility of the healthcare providers but also requires active participation from the patient. Effective communication, informed decision-making, and adherence to medical advice are all essential elements of a successful surgical journey.

As Dr. Pokale aptly puts it, "Every step—from consultation to post-operative care—is a building block in the larger framework of patient safety. A collaborative approach between patients and healthcare providers ensures the best possible outcomes."

<em>Dr. Mahadev Pokale is a Associate Consultant Internal Medicine at Manipal Hospital, Goa, India.</em>

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Patient safety is the foundation of modern healthcare. The World Health Organization has recognized its critical importance by declaring September 17 as World Patient Safety Day. This observance aims to enhance global understanding of patient safety, encourage public participation, and support worldwide initiatives to reduce patient injury.According to Associate Consultant in Internal Medicine, Dr. Mahadev Pokale, "Patient safety is not a step but a continuous process. From pre-operative evaluation to post-operative care, every stage is crucial for minimizing risks and ensuring optimum outcomes." Let's begin with the safety measures prior to, during, and after surgery.Before SurgeryPreparation before a surgical procedure is as significant as the process itself. Right planning prevents risks and ensures readiness to deal with any surprise complication by the medical staff involved.1. Full Medical Check-UpStart with a detailed consultation with your physician and surgeon. Inform them of your complete medical history, including existing conditions, allergies, and medications. Dr. Pokale advises, "A pre-operative consultation helps address underlying health issues and sets the stage for a smooth surgical experience."2. Understanding the ProcedureMake sure you fully understand the surgery, its benefits, and potential risks. If in doubt, seek a second opinion. Being informed empowers you to make decisions confidently and reduces anxiety.3. Preparing Physically and Mentally- Follow your doctor’s instructions regarding fasting (usually eight hours before surgery) to avoid complications during anesthesia.- Discontinue medications like blood thinners if instructed by your doctor.- Hygiene: Keep your house clean. Remove tripping hazards. Stock up essential supplies.4. Practical ArrangementsMake arrangement for someone to take you to and fro from the hospital as you might not be able to drive back home.During SurgeryThe surgical process itself involves several safety protocols in order to ensure accuracy and minimize risks. The WHO Surgical Safety Checklist is pivotal for this purpose, and divides the operation into three phases: Sign-In, Time-Out, and Sign-Out.1. Sign-In: Before AnesthesiaThe surgical team will confirm your identity, procedure, and surgical site. This stage ensures all important information is the same as that listed on the consent form. All allergies to medications and previous adverse reactions to anesthesia are also confirmed.2. Time-Out: Pre-IncisionThis stage is an emphasis on teamwork and communication. Everyone in the room introduces himself and his plan:Surgical Plan: The surgeon verifies the procedure and verifies all instruments and equipment are ready.Nursing Plan: Nurses check equipment and supplies.Anesthesia Plan: The anesthesiologist verifies readiness and availability of specialty equipment if necessary.At this point, antibiotics may also be given to minimize the risk of infection.3. Sign-Out: Upon Leaving the Operating RoomWhen the surgery is complete, the team verifies:Documentation of the procedure, anesthetic used, and complications.Specimens are correctly labeled for testing.Equipment checks and instrument counts are done to avoid retained surgical items.A preliminary discussion of the postoperative recovery plan.After SurgeryPostoperative care is an extension of patient safety. Recovery is sensitive, and strict adherence to medical recommendations is necessary during this phase.1. Follow-Up CareIn follow-up visits with your doctor, progress monitoring and concern addressing are accomplished. The dressing changes and visits to the surgical site frequently will prevent infections and complications during healing.2. Medicine and Pain ManagementTake all the prescribed painkillers and antibiotics. Do not use too many pain medications; instead, try other techniques such as deep breathing and meditation to handle pain.3. Physiological RecoveryDo not do heavy lifting. Gradually return to routine as recommended. Rest is very important; however, bed rest should not be total unless so advised. Gentle activity can aid in blood circulation and recovery.4. Diet and FluidsA well-balanced diet full of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains will support recovery. Drinking enough fluids and getting the right nutrients helps rebuild strength.5. Being Aware of Warning SignsBe aware of signs of infection such as swelling, redness, or fever. Get medical attention right away if you experience excessive bleeding or other unusual symptoms.Why Safety is a Shared ResponsibilityPatient safety is not the sole responsibility of the healthcare providers but also requires active participation from the patient. Effective communication, informed decision-making, and adherence to medical advice are all essential elements of a successful surgical journey.As Dr. Pokale aptly puts it, "Every step—from consultation to post-operative care—is a building block in the larger framework of patient safety. A collaborative approach between patients and healthcare providers ensures the best possible outcomes."Dr. Mahadev Pokale is a Associate Consultant Internal Medicine at Manipal Hospital, Goa, India.

checklists and safety precautions before, during and after surgery

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The United States public health agencies, including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), have issued a joint <span>Salmonella outbreak</span> alert directly linked to Emek-brand pistachio cream. This critical notification comes as federal and state public health officials actively investigate a cluster of Salmonella infections across two states. The ongoing investigation aims to determine the full scope of the contamination, including whether other product lots or related items may be affected and still in circulation.

<h4>Investigation and Product Details</h4>

The Emek-brand pistachio cream, is described as a shelf-stable nut butter cream. It is distributed nationwide through online sales channels, reaching a broad network of wholesale distributors, restaurants, and various food service establishments. This wide distribution could be the reason for a widespread exposure, which may have prompted the rapid and coordinated response from health authorities.

The FDA is diligently working to ascertain the precise distribution of the identified contaminated lot and to assess if other batches of the pistachio cream or even different products from the same manufacturer might also pose a risk to public health. This comprehensive approach is crucial for preventing further illnesses and ensuring consumer safety.

As of the latest reports, four individuals across two different states have been confirmed to have contracted the identical strain of Salmonella. 

All four reported cases share a common exposure: the consumption of pistachio cream. While the situation is serious, it’s important to note that one person has been hospitalized due to the infection, but thankfully, no deaths have been reported in connection with this outbreak at this time. 

This emphasizes the importance of immediate action and public awareness to mitigate the severity and spread of the illness. Health officials are meticulously tracing the movements of the contaminated product to identify all potential points of exposure and to contain the outbreak effectively.

<h4>Critical Public Health Guidance and Recommendations</h4>

In response to the confirmed link, the CDC has issued urgent directives for both consumers and affected industries. To prevent further illnesses, it is paramount that no one eat, sell, or serve Emek-brand pistachio cream with a specific use-by date of October 19, 2026, or a production code of 241019. This specific batch has been identified as the source of the current infections.

Beyond avoiding consumption, the CDC strongly advises thorough disinfection of all items and surfaces that may have come into contact with the contaminated product. This includes kitchen utensils, cutting boards, countertops, and any other food preparation areas. Proper hygiene practices are essential in preventing cross-contamination and the spread of Salmonella bacteria to other foods or surfaces. Adhering to these guidelines is crucial for protecting individual health and preventing further cases within the community.

Salmonella infection can manifest with a range of unpleasant symptoms, typically including diarrhea, fever, vomiting, stomach cramps, and dehydration. While most healthy individuals tend to recover within about a week without specific medical intervention, the infection can lead to more serious and potentially life-threatening illness in certain vulnerable populations. 

These high-risk groups include young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. 

For these individuals, Salmonella can cause severe dehydration, invasive infections (where the bacteria spread beyond the intestines), and other serious complications that may require hospitalization. 

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salmonella outbreak in pistachio cream

The United States public health agencies, including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), have issued a joint Salmonella outbreak alert directly linked to Emek-brand pistachio cream. This critical notification comes as federal and state public health officials actively investigate a cluster of Salmonella infections across two states. The ongoing investigation aims to determine the full scope of the contamination, including whether other product lots or related items may be affected and still in circulation.Investigation and Product DetailsThe Emek-brand pistachio cream, is described as a shelf-stable nut butter cream. It is distributed nationwide through online sales channels, reaching a broad network of wholesale distributors, restaurants, and various food service establishments. This wide distribution could be the reason for a widespread exposure, which may have prompted the rapid and coordinated response from health authorities.The FDA is diligently working to ascertain the precise distribution of the identified contaminated lot and to assess if other batches of the pistachio cream or even different products from the same manufacturer might also pose a risk to public health. This comprehensive approach is crucial for preventing further illnesses and ensuring consumer safety.Current Scope of the OutbreakAs of the latest reports, four individuals across two different states have been confirmed to have contracted the identical strain of Salmonella. All four reported cases share a common exposure: the consumption of pistachio cream. While the situation is serious, it’s important to note that one person has been hospitalized due to the infection, but thankfully, no deaths have been reported in connection with this outbreak at this time. This emphasizes the importance of immediate action and public awareness to mitigate the severity and spread of the illness. Health officials are meticulously tracing the movements of the contaminated product to identify all potential points of exposure and to contain the outbreak effectively.Critical Public Health Guidance and RecommendationsIn response to the confirmed link, the CDC has issued urgent directives for both consumers and affected industries. To prevent further illnesses, it is paramount that no one eat, sell, or serve Emek-brand pistachio cream with a specific use-by date of October 19, 2026, or a production code of 241019. This specific batch has been identified as the source of the current infections.Beyond avoiding consumption, the CDC strongly advises thorough disinfection of all items and surfaces that may have come into contact with the contaminated product. This includes kitchen utensils, cutting boards, countertops, and any other food preparation areas. Proper hygiene practices are essential in preventing cross-contamination and the spread of Salmonella bacteria to other foods or surfaces. Adhering to these guidelines is crucial for protecting individual health and preventing further cases within the community.Salmonella: Symptoms and RisksSalmonella infection can manifest with a range of unpleasant symptoms, typically including diarrhea, fever, vomiting, stomach cramps, and dehydration. While most healthy individuals tend to recover within about a week without specific medical intervention, the infection can lead to more serious and potentially life-threatening illness in certain vulnerable populations. These high-risk groups include young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. For these individuals, Salmonella can cause severe dehydration, invasive infections (where the bacteria spread beyond the intestines), and other serious complications that may require hospitalization. 

recent salmonella outbreak in us linked to pistachio cream

Baby Born From A Brain-Dead Woman On Life Support In Georgia

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Some call it a miracle, and some call it a lack of choice. A baby is born in Georgia from a woman who was declared brain dead and was put on life support. She is 31-year-old Adriana Smith, who was about six months into her pregnancy. 

Her mother April Newkirk told WXIA-TV that her daughter had intense headaches more then four months ago and went to Atlanta's Northside Hospital. There, she received medication and was released. However, next morning, her partner woke to her gasping, and called the emergency number 911. 

Emory University Hospital determined she had blood clots in her brain and was declared brain dead, at that time she was eight weeks pregnant. She was kept on life support ever since, and the baby was born through an emergency cesarean section on Friday. 

The baby is named Chance, and weighs about 1 pound and 13 ounces, and is born prematurely in six months. The baby is currently in the neonatal intensive care unit. 

While many may see it as a miracle, however, many have questioned the choice and agency of a woman and her right to live with dignity. 

Her mother said that Smith was kept on life support due to Georgia's anti-abortion law. This has sparked questions about ethics and the case had exploded into a national and international news. Her mother also confirmed that the fetus had been growing while she was put on life support. 

"WE did not have a choice or say about it. We want the baby. That's a part of my daughter. But the decision should have been left to us, not the state," told Newkirk, as reported in the Guardian. 

<h4>There Is A Law, But Where Is The Logic?</h4>

Steven Ralston, the director of the maternal fetal medicine division at George Washington University told the Washington Post that "the chances of there being a healthy newborn at the end of this is very, very small." Rightly so, the baby is born in six months of pregnancy, is premature and is currently in NICU. 

Newkirk too confirmed about fluid in baby's brain and that the baby maybe blind, or may no be able to walk. 

Abortion, under Georgia law, is banned after six weeks of pregnancy. Certainly, as this case seems, there is no scope of exception either. The ban also contains provisions that strengthens the concept of "fetal personhood", a doctrine that holds embryos and fetuses should be considered people, and, as such, are entitled to full legal rights and protection. 

Smith's case has ignited a national debate concerning medical consent and the far-reaching implications of anti-abortion laws. For years, abortion rights advocates have warned that establishing fetal personhood could create conflicts between the rights of a pregnant individual and those of the fetus. Since Roe v. Wade was overturned in 2022, numerous pregnant individuals have reported being denied medically necessary abortions during emergencies due to these bans.

The hospital currently treating Smith has not commented on her specific case, citing privacy. However, it released a statement indicating its process: "uses consensus from clinical experts, medical literature, and legal guidance to support our providers as they make individualized treatment recommendations in compliance with Georgia’s abortion laws and all other applicable laws."

<h4>Conflicting Interpretations of Georgia Law</h4>

Georgia Attorney General Chris Carr's office has stated that the state’s six-week abortion law does not mandate medical professionals to keep brain-dead individuals on life support. According to spokesperson Kara Murray, "Removing life support is not an action with the purpose to terminate a pregnancy."

However, not surprisingly, some anti-abortion advocates hold a different view. Georgia State Senator Ed Setzler, who sponsored the state's abortion ban, told the Associated Press, "it is completely appropriate that the hospital do what they can to save the life of the child." He added, "I think this is an unusual circumstance, but I think it highlights the value of innocent human life. I think the hospital is acting appropriately."

Smith, said Newkirk, would be taken off life support on Tuesday. 

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Some call it a miracle, and some call it a lack of choice. A baby is born in Georgia from a woman who was declared brain dead and was put on life support. She is 31-year-old Adriana Smith, who was about six months into her pregnancy. Her mother April Newkirk told WXIA-TV that her daughter had intense headaches more then four months ago and went to Atlanta's Northside Hospital. There, she received medication and was released. However, next morning, her partner woke to her gasping, and called the emergency number 911. Emory University Hospital determined she had blood clots in her brain and was declared brain dead, at that time she was eight weeks pregnant. She was kept on life support ever since, and the baby was born through an emergency cesarean section on Friday. The baby is named Chance, and weighs about 1 pound and 13 ounces, and is born prematurely in six months. The baby is currently in the neonatal intensive care unit. Miracle Or A Lack Of Choice?While many may see it as a miracle, however, many have questioned the choice and agency of a woman and her right to live with dignity. Her mother said that Smith was kept on life support due to Georgia's anti-abortion law. This has sparked questions about ethics and the case had exploded into a national and international news. Her mother also confirmed that the fetus had been growing while she was put on life support. "WE did not have a choice or say about it. We want the baby. That's a part of my daughter. But the decision should have been left to us, not the state," told Newkirk, as reported in the Guardian. There Is A Law, But Where Is The Logic?Steven Ralston, the director of the maternal fetal medicine division at George Washington University told the Washington Post that "the chances of there being a healthy newborn at the end of this is very, very small." Rightly so, the baby is born in six months of pregnancy, is premature and is currently in NICU. Newkirk too confirmed about fluid in baby's brain and that the baby maybe blind, or may no be able to walk. A Controversial CaseAbortion, under Georgia law, is banned after six weeks of pregnancy. Certainly, as this case seems, there is no scope of exception either. The ban also contains provisions that strengthens the concept of "fetal personhood", a doctrine that holds embryos and fetuses should be considered people, and, as such, are entitled to full legal rights and protection. Smith's case has ignited a national debate concerning medical consent and the far-reaching implications of anti-abortion laws. For years, abortion rights advocates have warned that establishing fetal personhood could create conflicts between the rights of a pregnant individual and those of the fetus. Since Roe v. Wade was overturned in 2022, numerous pregnant individuals have reported being denied medically necessary abortions during emergencies due to these bans.The hospital currently treating Smith has not commented on her specific case, citing privacy. However, it released a statement indicating its process: "uses consensus from clinical experts, medical literature, and legal guidance to support our providers as they make individualized treatment recommendations in compliance with Georgia’s abortion laws and all other applicable laws."Conflicting Interpretations of Georgia LawGeorgia Attorney General Chris Carr's office has stated that the state’s six-week abortion law does not mandate medical professionals to keep brain-dead individuals on life support. According to spokesperson Kara Murray, "Removing life support is not an action with the purpose to terminate a pregnancy."However, not surprisingly, some anti-abortion advocates hold a different view. Georgia State Senator Ed Setzler, who sponsored the state's abortion ban, told the Associated Press, "it is completely appropriate that the hospital do what they can to save the life of the child." He added, "I think this is an unusual circumstance, but I think it highlights the value of innocent human life. I think the hospital is acting appropriately."Smith, said Newkirk, would be taken off life support on Tuesday. 

baby born from a brain-dead woman on life support in georgia

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Philadelphia Eagles’ legendary center Jason Kelce recently shared candidly that he “virtually guarantees” he has <span>chronic traumatic encephalopathy</span> (CTE). Kelce’s statement, made on social media in response to a debate, was blunt and sobering: “All the research would suggest I have some degree of it.” The veteran NFL player’s comments aren’t unfounded. Repetitive head trauma, a grim reality in high-contact sports like football, is closely linked to CTE—a progressive brain disease that can only be diagnosed after death.

This revelation isn't just about one athlete—it underscores a larger concern for players, families, coaches, and the medical community. Here's a deep dive into what CTE is, why it matters, and how it continues to reshape the conversation around brain safety in sports and beyond.

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a degenerative brain condition believed to result from repeated blows to the head. These may include concussions and even subconcussive hits that occur without immediate symptoms. While CTE was first identified in boxers in the early 20th century, it is now most commonly associated with professional football players, combat veterans, and athletes in other contact sports.

What makes CTE particularly alarming is its stealth: the disease progresses silently, and current diagnostic tools can't detect it in the living. It can only be definitively confirmed through postmortem brain autopsy. Although rare in the general population, CTE is found at alarmingly high rates among former NFL players and others with repeated head trauma.

Jason Kelce’s openness is striking. Despite being healthy and active, he recognizes the likelihood of developing a disease whose symptoms may not emerge until years after retirement. “Even though there is no test to see if I currently have CTE, the evidence suggests I probably do,” Kelce wrote. This level of honesty shines a spotlight on the long-term risks of professional sports, particularly for linemen like Kelce, who endure constant helmet-to-helmet contact.

His statement may sound grim, but it’s not meant to shock—it's a reality check. It challenges the broader athletic community to confront uncomfortable truths about brain health, risk, and the price of performance.

Contrary to popular belief, CTE isn't caused by a single traumatic incident. Instead, it's associated with a pattern of repeated brain injuries over time. That includes both concussions and smaller impacts that don't always result in obvious symptoms. These hits can accumulate damage, slowly triggering neurodegeneration.

Over time, this damage leads to the buildup of an abnormal protein called tau, which spreads throughout the brain, killing cells and impairing function. The resulting damage affects mood, cognition, and motor control, making everyday life increasingly difficult.

Although CTE can't be diagnosed in the living, doctors can often recognize a condition known as traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, which carries many of the same symptoms. These include:

Cognitive Impairment: Difficulty concentrating, memory loss, and challenges in planning or organizing.

Behavioral Changes: Impulsivity and aggression, often misunderstood as personality flaws.

Mood Disorders: Chronic depression, emotional instability, substance abuse, and even suicidal thoughts.

Motor Impairments: Difficulty walking, tremors, speech issues, and symptoms resembling Parkinson’s disease.

Importantly, not everyone who suffers repeated head trauma will develop CTE—but the risk increases significantly with the number of injuries sustained.

<h2>Challenge of Diagnosing CTE During Life</h2>

One of the most frustrating aspects of CTE is the inability to diagnose it definitively until after death. While researchers are working on identifying potential biomarkers that could help detect CTE in the living, none have yet been validated. This leaves at-risk individuals, including professional athletes, in a medical gray zone where symptoms may be dismissed or misattributed.

CTE remains an under-recognized and poorly understood condition. The need for greater awareness, better diagnostic tools, and long-term research funding has never been more urgent.

Though there's no cure for CTE, there are actionable steps that athletes, organizations, and families can take to reduce risk and support those affected:

Education and Awareness: Knowing the signs of concussion and seeking medical evaluation after head injuries can prevent further damage.

Changes in Play: Football and other contact sports are evolving to reduce head trauma through rule changes, equipment innovation, and tackling techniques.

Mental Health Resources: Those experiencing mood or cognitive changes should seek professional support early. Depression and suicidal thoughts are serious concerns that can and should be treated.

Monitoring and Support for Retired Athletes: Regular neurological assessments and open conversations can help former players manage their health proactively.

Jason Kelce’s candid remark about CTE may serve as a powerful legacy—not just as an elite athlete but as a catalyst for change. By acknowledging the likely reality of brain trauma, Kelce is pushing the dialogue forward and empowering others to advocate for safer play, better treatment, and deeper understanding.

His voice adds to a growing chorus of athletes and medical experts calling for meaningful change in how we approach sports, health, and long-term brain safety. And while we may not yet be able to reverse CTE, conversations like these ensure we're no longer ignoring it.

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Philadelphia Eagles’ legendary center Jason Kelce recently shared candidly that he “virtually guarantees” he has chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Kelce’s statement, made on social media in response to a debate, was blunt and sobering: “All the research would suggest I have some degree of it.” The veteran NFL player’s comments aren’t unfounded. Repetitive head trauma, a grim reality in high-contact sports like football, is closely linked to CTE—a progressive brain disease that can only be diagnosed after death.This revelation isn't just about one athlete—it underscores a larger concern for players, families, coaches, and the medical community. Here's a deep dive into what CTE is, why it matters, and how it continues to reshape the conversation around brain safety in sports and beyond.What Is CTE?Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a degenerative brain condition believed to result from repeated blows to the head. These may include concussions and even subconcussive hits that occur without immediate symptoms. While CTE was first identified in boxers in the early 20th century, it is now most commonly associated with professional football players, combat veterans, and athletes in other contact sports.What makes CTE particularly alarming is its stealth: the disease progresses silently, and current diagnostic tools can't detect it in the living. It can only be definitively confirmed through postmortem brain autopsy. Although rare in the general population, CTE is found at alarmingly high rates among former NFL players and others with repeated head trauma.Jason Kelce’s openness is striking. Despite being healthy and active, he recognizes the likelihood of developing a disease whose symptoms may not emerge until years after retirement. “Even though there is no test to see if I currently have CTE, the evidence suggests I probably do,” Kelce wrote. This level of honesty shines a spotlight on the long-term risks of professional sports, particularly for linemen like Kelce, who endure constant helmet-to-helmet contact.His statement may sound grim, but it’s not meant to shock—it's a reality check. It challenges the broader athletic community to confront uncomfortable truths about brain health, risk, and the price of performance.How CTE Develops Over Time?Contrary to popular belief, CTE isn't caused by a single traumatic incident. Instead, it's associated with a pattern of repeated brain injuries over time. That includes both concussions and smaller impacts that don't always result in obvious symptoms. These hits can accumulate damage, slowly triggering neurodegeneration.Over time, this damage leads to the buildup of an abnormal protein called tau, which spreads throughout the brain, killing cells and impairing function. The resulting damage affects mood, cognition, and motor control, making everyday life increasingly difficult.What Are the Symptoms of CTE?Although CTE can't be diagnosed in the living, doctors can often recognize a condition known as traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, which carries many of the same symptoms. These include:Cognitive Impairment: Difficulty concentrating, memory loss, and challenges in planning or organizing.Behavioral Changes: Impulsivity and aggression, often misunderstood as personality flaws.Mood Disorders: Chronic depression, emotional instability, substance abuse, and even suicidal thoughts.Motor Impairments: Difficulty walking, tremors, speech issues, and symptoms resembling Parkinson’s disease.Importantly, not everyone who suffers repeated head trauma will develop CTE—but the risk increases significantly with the number of injuries sustained.Challenge of Diagnosing CTE During LifeOne of the most frustrating aspects of CTE is the inability to diagnose it definitively until after death. While researchers are working on identifying potential biomarkers that could help detect CTE in the living, none have yet been validated. This leaves at-risk individuals, including professional athletes, in a medical gray zone where symptoms may be dismissed or misattributed.CTE remains an under-recognized and poorly understood condition. The need for greater awareness, better diagnostic tools, and long-term research funding has never been more urgent.Though there's no cure for CTE, there are actionable steps that athletes, organizations, and families can take to reduce risk and support those affected:Education and Awareness: Knowing the signs of concussion and seeking medical evaluation after head injuries can prevent further damage.Changes in Play: Football and other contact sports are evolving to reduce head trauma through rule changes, equipment innovation, and tackling techniques.Mental Health Resources: Those experiencing mood or cognitive changes should seek professional support early. Depression and suicidal thoughts are serious concerns that can and should be treated.Monitoring and Support for Retired Athletes: Regular neurological assessments and open conversations can help former players manage their health proactively.Jason Kelce’s candid remark about CTE may serve as a powerful legacy—not just as an elite athlete but as a catalyst for change. By acknowledging the likely reality of brain trauma, Kelce is pushing the dialogue forward and empowering others to advocate for safer play, better treatment, and deeper understanding.His voice adds to a growing chorus of athletes and medical experts calling for meaningful change in how we approach sports, health, and long-term brain safety. And while we may not yet be able to reverse CTE, conversations like these ensure we're no longer ignoring it.

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