The connection between your plate and your pillow might be stronger than you think. While most sleep advice focuses on screen time, stress levels, and bedtime routines, a growing body of research suggests that what you eat—particularly before bed—can significantly affect not only how well you sleep but even the kinds of dreams you have. And in a surprising twist, one of the biggest culprits might be sitting in your refrigerator: dairy.From cheesy nightmarish tales of yore to contemporary arguments over late-night munching, the question lingers: Do dinner plates actually control dreams? A recent study released in Frontiers in Psychology brings new evidence to this classic question, with a look at how dairy and other food influences sleep quality and dream patterns, particularly in young adults.In one recent study with more than 1,000 college-age subjects from Canada's MacEwan University, researchers discovered that 40.2% of those surveyed said their diet had a noticeable effect on the way they slept. Even more specifically, roughly 25% indicated certain foods made their sleep worse, and almost 20% said other foods improved their sleep. As far as nightmares went, desserts and dairy had the highest guilty ratings—sweets were responsible for 31% of nightmare complaints, and dairy wasn't far behind with 22%.Significantly, these were not solitary findings. Individuals with documented food sensitivities, especially lactose intolerance, experienced greater quantities of gastrointestinal symptoms that appeared to correlate with poor sleep and more frequent nightmares. The worse the gastrointestinal symptoms, the worse the nightmares in terms of how distressing and vivid.Why Dairy Might Be Wreaking Havoc at Night?So, what’s the science behind this? According to Dr. Tore Nielsen, lead researcher and professor of psychiatry at the University of Montreal, there’s a likely explanation rooted in how our bodies respond to dairy. For individuals with lactose intolerance, consuming milk, cheese, or yogurt can trigger bloating, cramping, gas, and indigestion—symptoms that don’t magically disappear once you’re asleep.When the body is working through gastrointestinal upset during the night, it can contribute to restlessness during sleep, lighter sleep stages, and more frequent awakenings—all of which have been proven to increase dream recall and vividness. This, in turn, can make bad dreams or nightmares more real and memorable. Anxiety, another frequent reaction to discomfort caused by food, is perhaps also responsible for the rise in bad dreams among participants.When participants were asked about foods most frequently associated with bad sleep, desserts and sweets, spicy food, and milk, yogurt, and cheese ranked atop the list. In contrast, fruits, herbal teas, and vegetables were most frequently attributed to improved sleep.The most interesting part of the study, however, was its examination of dreams. 5.5% of the participants reported that food impacted their dreThe notion that food influences dreams is not novel. A 2015 study, for instance, discovered anecdotal evidence that cheese and other dairy foods were associated with unusual or vivid dreams. That said, this newer research is the first to explicitly investigate the mechanisms behind such effects, hypothesizing lactose intolerance as a potential trigger, as opposed to dairy per se.Even so, professionals are hesitant to make decisive conclusions. The subjects for the study were all psychology students—potentially introducing bias by way of their educational experience with sleep and dream research. In addition, the information was self-reported, which is always likely to bias findings. Even so, however, despite these shortcomings, the relationship between food-based symptoms and disrupted sleeping patterns is an intriguing argument for further research.Foods That Help or Harm SleepThough most frequently accused of causing nightmares and bad sleep were sweets and dairy, other foods had beneficial influences. Participants attributed fruits, herbal teas such as chamomile and lemon balm, and vegetables to improved quality of sleep. These are less demanding on digestion and may induce relaxation, which can facilitate healthy sleep patterns and better dreams.Conversely, spicy foods, saturated and salty foods (such as pizza, burgers, and fried chicken), and caffeinated or sweet beverages were also found to be linked to disturbed sleep and worse dream experiences.Although dairy has been the main event in this research, it wasn't the sole food group linked to bad sleep or nightmares. Spicy meals and sweet desserts were also frequently culprits. Such foods have the potential to raise core body temperature, interfere with digestion, or cause a spike in blood sugar—each of which can affect how restful you sleep and how often you wake at night.Conversely, participants reported improved sleep quality with the consumption of herbal teas, fruits, and vegetables. These findings align with existing nutritional science, which supports a plant-forward, low-inflammatory diet for optimal sleep.How to Eat for Better Sleep and Dreams?If you're having unusual or disturbing dreams and suspect that your diet is involved, the answer isn't necessarily to eliminate dairy foods altogether. Rather, you can try it as an experiment in personal health and sleep cleanliness. Although the science is continuing to develop, there are evidence-based measures that you can take in order to reduce the likelihood of food-related sleep disturbances and nightmares:Have dinner 2 to 3 hours before going to bed so that your body has time to digest.Don't eat spicy foods, drink alcohol, or consume caffeine near bedtime, as they will interfere with sleep.Don't overdo fast foods and foods with saturated fat and salt at night.Make meals balanced with protein, healthy fats, and complex carbohydrates—satisfying, but not too full.Select simple-to-digest bedtime snacks like nut butter and fruit, trail mix, or hummus with crackers or vegetables.Maintain a food and sleep diary to monitor patterns between what you consume, your nighttime dreams, and your quality of sleep.Drink water or non-caffeinated herbal teas to stay hydrated, but avoid sugary or carbonated beverages in the evening hours.While there is still much we don't know about the connection between food, sleep, and dreaming, preliminary research indicates that what you're eating before bedtime is influencing your dream life more than you may want to think. So next time you grab that late-night cheese plate or cone of ice cream, think about more than just your stomach but your subconscious.