Rising levels of air pollution, particularly harmful pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone, are raising concerns about the potential risks to pregnant women and their unborn children. Poor air quality has been linked to several pregnancy complications and can affect the long-term health of both mothers and babies.Supporting the same, a new research has shown that exposure to high AQI levels, especially due to particulate matter and ozone, increases the likelihood of preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental issues in infants. Babies born under these conditions are at a higher risk for a range of health problems, both in early life and as they grow older. Moreover, pollution can interfere with fetal growth and cause inflammation, which can pass through the placental barrier and lead to respiratory problems, such as asthma, later in the child’s life.The third trimester of pregnancy is particularly vulnerable to the effects of high pollution. Studies indicate that exposure to pollution during this period is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and delays in brain development.Air pollution is also a contributing factor to preeclampsia, a condition marked by high blood pressure during pregnancy, which can pose serious health risks to both the mother and baby. Furthermore, high levels of pollution can affect maternal health, potentially leading to complications such as allergies, which can cause additional stress during pregnancy.In addition to the risks for expectant mothers, studies have shown that exposure to air pollution during pregnancy can have a lasting impact on the child’s cognitive development. Fine particulate matter, particularly during the second trimester, has been linked to lower IQ levels, especially in boys. Children exposed to high levels of pollution in their early years may also experience long-term effects on brain function, affecting areas related to cognition, attention, and behavior.Pollution’s impact extends beyond pregnancy as well. For women trying to conceive, high levels of pollution may affect fertility, potentially delaying the ability to get pregnant. This underscores the importance of protecting reproductive health in environments with high pollution levels.Preventive MeasuresTo reduce the risks associated with air pollution, pregnant women are advised to monitor AQI levels regularly and limit outdoor activities on days when pollution is high. Using air purifiers indoors and staying in well-ventilated spaces can help mitigate the harmful effects of polluted air. In addition, they are also advised to keep a check on what they are eating to maintain a well-balanced diet.