Health and Me

Tanya Dutt

New COVID Variant NB.1.8.1 Spreads in US: Symptoms, Risk Factors And Who Can Get The Booster?

Just as the world had started settling into post-pandemic normalcy, <span>COVID-19</span> has reminded us again that it's not even close to being over. A new variant, NB.1.8.1, is making its way through global borders, already on its way to becoming a concern. With cases on the rise in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, this new variant has now been reported in the United States. Despite being overshadowed by declining public interest and lower testing, the virus is still mutating—becoming new variants such as NB.1.8.1 that require attention anew.

From respiratory signs to access to vaccines and worries about transmission, this latest turn of events adds one more chapter to the yet-unraveling COVID-19 saga. Let us dissect what exactly NB.1.8.1 is, just how dangerous it may be, and what you can do to safeguard yourself.

It’s been over four years since the world first encountered SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan. Since then, we’ve witnessed a series of viral evolutions—from Alpha and Delta to Omicron and its subvariants. Each wave brought changes in transmissibility, symptoms, and vaccine response. The latest in this viral alphabet soup is NB.1.8.1—a subvariant of the XDV lineage.

NB.1.8.1 is patterned after its predecessors. It spreads fast and evolves to evade host immunity. Already, the variant has exploded in East Asia and is now appearing in the U.S., which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed. First detected late March and early April via international airport screening, its spread, although still in smaller numbers, is increasing in importance.

<h2>How NB.1.8.1 is Different From The Other Variants Presents?</h2>

There is dynamism in the viral ecosystem across the globe. Formerly dominant variants XEC and LF.7 are decreasing, while LP.8.1 holds the reins in North America, Europe, and regions of South America and South Africa. Gaining steam along with NB.1.8.1 is another upstart—XFG, a recombinant of LF.7 and LP.8.1.2—presently moving in Canada, the U.S., and Europe.

Based on global sequencing data, NB.1.8.1 represented 5% to 30% of non-North American samples by late April. Its geographic distribution appears to demonstrate a pattern of localized predominance—predominant in Asia but now increasingly found in North American datasets.

<h2>Symptoms of NB.1.8. COVID-19 Variant</h2>

NB.1.8.1 is not radically different in clinical presentation from prior strains. To date, symptoms described include:

<ol><li>Respiratory signs such as cough and sore throat</li><li>Systemic symptoms such as fatigue and fever</li></ol>

These symptoms mirror earlier forms of the virus, making early detection harder unless testing is actively pursued.

Even with higher hospitalizations in China and Hong Kong, experts warn that this might be a seasonal summer spike and not due to a more virulent NB.1.8.1 itself. Authorities have not established hard evidence the variant is worse, but any epidemic strain can overburden healthcare if it is not contained.

<h2>NB.1.8.: Who Needs to Be Worried and Risk Factors</h2>

As with prior strains, at greatest risk again are:

<ul><li>Older adults (65+)</li><li>Individuals with pre-existing medical conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, or immunocompromised status</li><li>Pregnant women</li><li>Unvaccinated individuals</li></ul>

A note of concern is long COVID—continuing to impact thousands worldwide and often being precipitated by even minor infections. With every new variant comes more difficulty in comprehending how post-viral symptoms can change or intensify.

<h2>Who Gets the Fall COVID Booster Vaccine?</h2>

In a controversial and alarming move, the new U.S. administration led by HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has indicated a limited rollout of new vaccine access. Although the FDA has licensed new COVID-19 boosters for the elderly and high-risk populations, the broader population might have to wait.

The FDA is now insisting on larger, longer-term clinical trials before introducing vaccines to the broader population, a move that postpones wider immunity and may accelerate transmission among younger, healthier adults.

The action comes as the NB.1.8.1 variant is picking up steam—whether it will be a force for good or a public health force to be reckoned with remains to be seen.

With vaccine supplies short and public health exhaustion widespread, personal prevention is key. Infectious disease specialists say that the following are some tried and tested strategies:

Wear masks in enclosed spaces where there is crowding, particularly if unwell or where there is known outbreak

Respiratory hygiene- cough into your elbow, sneeze into your elbow, wash hands frequently

Stay home when sick to limit transmission

Get tested upon exposure or showing symptoms, even mild ones

Hong Kong's public health authorities have also reintroduced mask advisories for high-risk groups, which marks the ongoing significance of non-pharmaceutical interventions.

With fewer individuals getting tested and a dismissal of mild symptoms, the risk of silent spreaders, those who are contagious but don't know it, continues to be a factor. And still, long COVID infects millions, leading to chronic fatigue, cognitive impairment, and respiratory problems. The more we let variants such as NB.1.8.1 spread without restraint, the more likely we are to have ongoing post-viral complications among all age groups.

While the world keeps moving, the virus has not. NB.1.8.1 is a reminder of how SARS-CoV-2 still evolves, disturbs, and commands notice. Being informed, careful, and proactive remains a necessity.

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Just as the world had started settling into post-pandemic normalcy, COVID-19 has reminded us again that it's not even close to being over. A new variant, NB.1.8.1, is making its way through global borders, already on its way to becoming a concern. With cases on the rise in China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, this new variant has now been reported in the United States. Despite being overshadowed by declining public interest and lower testing, the virus is still mutating—becoming new variants such as NB.1.8.1 that require attention anew.From respiratory signs to access to vaccines and worries about transmission, this latest turn of events adds one more chapter to the yet-unraveling COVID-19 saga. Let us dissect what exactly NB.1.8.1 is, just how dangerous it may be, and what you can do to safeguard yourself.It’s been over four years since the world first encountered SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan. Since then, we’ve witnessed a series of viral evolutions—from Alpha and Delta to Omicron and its subvariants. Each wave brought changes in transmissibility, symptoms, and vaccine response. The latest in this viral alphabet soup is NB.1.8.1—a subvariant of the XDV lineage.NB.1.8.1 is patterned after its predecessors. It spreads fast and evolves to evade host immunity. Already, the variant has exploded in East Asia and is now appearing in the U.S., which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed. First detected late March and early April via international airport screening, its spread, although still in smaller numbers, is increasing in importance.How NB.1.8.1 is Different From The Other Variants Presents?There is dynamism in the viral ecosystem across the globe. Formerly dominant variants XEC and LF.7 are decreasing, while LP.8.1 holds the reins in North America, Europe, and regions of South America and South Africa. Gaining steam along with NB.1.8.1 is another upstart—XFG, a recombinant of LF.7 and LP.8.1.2—presently moving in Canada, the U.S., and Europe.Based on global sequencing data, NB.1.8.1 represented 5% to 30% of non-North American samples by late April. Its geographic distribution appears to demonstrate a pattern of localized predominance—predominant in Asia but now increasingly found in North American datasets.Symptoms of NB.1.8. COVID-19 VariantNB.1.8.1 is not radically different in clinical presentation from prior strains. To date, symptoms described include:Respiratory signs such as cough and sore throatSystemic symptoms such as fatigue and feverThese symptoms mirror earlier forms of the virus, making early detection harder unless testing is actively pursued.Even with higher hospitalizations in China and Hong Kong, experts warn that this might be a seasonal summer spike and not due to a more virulent NB.1.8.1 itself. Authorities have not established hard evidence the variant is worse, but any epidemic strain can overburden healthcare if it is not contained.NB.1.8.: Who Needs to Be Worried and Risk FactorsAs with prior strains, at greatest risk again are:Older adults (65+)Individuals with pre-existing medical conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, or immunocompromised statusPregnant womenUnvaccinated individualsA note of concern is long COVID—continuing to impact thousands worldwide and often being precipitated by even minor infections. With every new variant comes more difficulty in comprehending how post-viral symptoms can change or intensify.Who Gets the Fall COVID Booster Vaccine?In a controversial and alarming move, the new U.S. administration led by HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has indicated a limited rollout of new vaccine access. Although the FDA has licensed new COVID-19 boosters for the elderly and high-risk populations, the broader population might have to wait.The FDA is now insisting on larger, longer-term clinical trials before introducing vaccines to the broader population, a move that postpones wider immunity and may accelerate transmission among younger, healthier adults.The action comes as the NB.1.8.1 variant is picking up steam—whether it will be a force for good or a public health force to be reckoned with remains to be seen.What Can You Do to Stay Safe?With vaccine supplies short and public health exhaustion widespread, personal prevention is key. Infectious disease specialists say that the following are some tried and tested strategies:Wear masks in enclosed spaces where there is crowding, particularly if unwell or where there is known outbreakRespiratory hygiene- cough into your elbow, sneeze into your elbow, wash hands frequentlyStay home when sick to limit transmissionGet tested upon exposure or showing symptoms, even mild onesHong Kong's public health authorities have also reintroduced mask advisories for high-risk groups, which marks the ongoing significance of non-pharmaceutical interventions.With fewer individuals getting tested and a dismissal of mild symptoms, the risk of silent spreaders, those who are contagious but don't know it, continues to be a factor. And still, long COVID infects millions, leading to chronic fatigue, cognitive impairment, and respiratory problems. The more we let variants such as NB.1.8.1 spread without restraint, the more likely we are to have ongoing post-viral complications among all age groups.While the world keeps moving, the virus has not. NB.1.8.1 is a reminder of how SARS-CoV-2 still evolves, disturbs, and commands notice. Being informed, careful, and proactive remains a necessity.

new covid variant nb.1.8.1 spreads in us: symptoms, risk factors and who can get the booster?

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A 11-year-old boy from Kampong Speu province in Cambodia has died of H5N1 <span>avian influenza</span>, the country’s Health Ministry confirmed. This marks the fourth confirmed human case of bird flu in Cambodia in 2025 and all four have been fatal.

Laboratory analysis performed at the Pasteur Institute of Cambodia confirmed the virus presence in the child, who had a sudden onset of serious respiratory manifestations such as high fever, continuous cough, breathlessness, and acute respiratory distress. He was taken to a hospital but died on May 2, 2025.

The ministry's probe found that chickens and ducks in and around the child's house had been falling ill and dying in the days prior to the child's symptoms appearing, suggesting zoonotic transmission, a distressing reminder of the thin lines between human and animal well-being.

Although human illnesses of H5N1 are uncommon and not a food safety threat, this year has also witnessed an alarming increase in cases in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported 10 human bird flu cases across the world in 2025 before this death in Cambodia. Five of them led to fatality. Four of those deaths have now been reported from Cambodia and all of them have been linked with direct contact with infected or dead birds.

This trend is mirroring an increasingly global reality: the rate of H5N1 spillover into humans, while remaining low, is rising. The more often it occurs, the greater the possibility of the virus evolving to be able to live in human hosts.

<h2>Why the H5N1 Threat Can't Be Ignored?</h2>

Avian flu A(H5N1) is a contagious disease that primarily infects birds but has been found to be capable of crossing species. This cross-species capability keeps scientists and health authorities on their toes. The Global Virus Network just reported more than 70 cases of human infections in the U.S. alone since the wider outbreak started, with one confirmed death.

Although human-to-human transmission has not yet taken place, specialists warn that mutations, particularly in mammals, may bring us to the verge of a tipping point. Should H5N1 develop the potential for effective human transmission, the result might equal the magnitude of past pandemics.

After the child's death, Cambodia's Ministry of Health sent a team of emergency response workers to the village affected to track down the source of the infection and stop further transmission. Steps include contact tracing, health screening, dispensing of the antiviral drug Tamiflu to potentially exposed people, and public education campaigns alerting about contact with infected poultry.

In a public health alert, the ministry called on citizens who had flu-like symptoms—particularly those with recent contact with birds—to get immediate medical attention. "To delay treatment increases you to a high risk of eventual death," the warning added. 

H5N1 is not contagious among humans, and that is why every confirmed case attracts immediate global attention. The majority of infections in humans are due to direct contact with sick birds or contaminated habitats, especially via saliva, nasal discharges, feces, or blood.

Even other creatures—like milk cows—can carry the virus in milk and respiratory secretions. When those things come in contact with humans, the virus enters through inhalation of contaminated dust or droplets, eyes, nose, or mouth.

This cross-host transmission highlights the importance of adopting a One Health policy, which acknowledges the interrelatedness of human, animal, and environmental health.

<h2>Symptoms of Bird Flu In Humans To Watch For</h2>

Incubation for H5N1 in humans usually lasts for 2 to 5 days, although it may be as long as 17 days. Symptoms tend to worsen like normal flu but may quickly become severe respiratory illness. Typical symptoms are:

<ul><li>High fever</li><li>Fatigue and muscle pains</li><li>Ongoing cough</li><li>Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea</li><li>Sore throat</li><li>Conjunctivitis (pink eye)</li><li>Shortness of breath</li></ul>

While some of the U.S. cases have had less severe symptoms, around the world the virus has carried a high mortality rate, so early diagnosis and intervention are paramount.

The WHO has been warning of the pandemic threat posed by avian influenza for years. In the United States alone, over 168 million birds have been killed since 2022 to contain outbreaks of avian flu—testifying to the virus's economic and agricultural impact. But the more general concern is how close we may be to a mutation that makes possible efficient transmission from person to person.

The recent Cambodian fatality, though isolated, is just a piece in a larger mosaic. With H5N1 now emerging in an expanding array of animal hosts, including mammals such as mink, cats, and even sea mammals, the path to human adaptation may be shortening.

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the general public remains at low risk, but the agency recommends heightened vigilance among farmers, poultry workers, veterinarians, and dairy handlers. Preventive steps include:

<ul><li>Avoiding contact with sick or dead animals</li><li>Using protective gear (gloves, masks, eye protection)</li><li>Practicing good hygiene—especially handwashing</li><li>Cooking poultry and eggs thoroughly (to 165°F/74°C)</li><li>Choosing pasteurized dairy products</li></ul>

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A 11-year-old boy from Kampong Speu province in Cambodia has died of H5N1 avian influenza, the country’s Health Ministry confirmed. This marks the fourth confirmed human case of bird flu in Cambodia in 2025 and all four have been fatal.Laboratory analysis performed at the Pasteur Institute of Cambodia confirmed the virus presence in the child, who had a sudden onset of serious respiratory manifestations such as high fever, continuous cough, breathlessness, and acute respiratory distress. He was taken to a hospital but died on May 2, 2025.The ministry's probe found that chickens and ducks in and around the child's house had been falling ill and dying in the days prior to the child's symptoms appearing, suggesting zoonotic transmission, a distressing reminder of the thin lines between human and animal well-being.Although human illnesses of H5N1 are uncommon and not a food safety threat, this year has also witnessed an alarming increase in cases in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported 10 human bird flu cases across the world in 2025 before this death in Cambodia. Five of them led to fatality. Four of those deaths have now been reported from Cambodia and all of them have been linked with direct contact with infected or dead birds.This trend is mirroring an increasingly global reality: the rate of H5N1 spillover into humans, while remaining low, is rising. The more often it occurs, the greater the possibility of the virus evolving to be able to live in human hosts.Why the H5N1 Threat Can't Be Ignored?Avian flu A(H5N1) is a contagious disease that primarily infects birds but has been found to be capable of crossing species. This cross-species capability keeps scientists and health authorities on their toes. The Global Virus Network just reported more than 70 cases of human infections in the U.S. alone since the wider outbreak started, with one confirmed death.Although human-to-human transmission has not yet taken place, specialists warn that mutations, particularly in mammals, may bring us to the verge of a tipping point. Should H5N1 develop the potential for effective human transmission, the result might equal the magnitude of past pandemics.After the child's death, Cambodia's Ministry of Health sent a team of emergency response workers to the village affected to track down the source of the infection and stop further transmission. Steps include contact tracing, health screening, dispensing of the antiviral drug Tamiflu to potentially exposed people, and public education campaigns alerting about contact with infected poultry.In a public health alert, the ministry called on citizens who had flu-like symptoms—particularly those with recent contact with birds—to get immediate medical attention. "To delay treatment increases you to a high risk of eventual death," the warning added. How Does H5N1 Infect Humans?H5N1 is not contagious among humans, and that is why every confirmed case attracts immediate global attention. The majority of infections in humans are due to direct contact with sick birds or contaminated habitats, especially via saliva, nasal discharges, feces, or blood.Even other creatures—like milk cows—can carry the virus in milk and respiratory secretions. When those things come in contact with humans, the virus enters through inhalation of contaminated dust or droplets, eyes, nose, or mouth.This cross-host transmission highlights the importance of adopting a One Health policy, which acknowledges the interrelatedness of human, animal, and environmental health.Symptoms of Bird Flu In Humans To Watch ForIncubation for H5N1 in humans usually lasts for 2 to 5 days, although it may be as long as 17 days. Symptoms tend to worsen like normal flu but may quickly become severe respiratory illness. Typical symptoms are:High feverFatigue and muscle painsOngoing coughNausea, vomiting, and diarrheaSore throatConjunctivitis (pink eye)Shortness of breathWhile some of the U.S. cases have had less severe symptoms, around the world the virus has carried a high mortality rate, so early diagnosis and intervention are paramount.The WHO has been warning of the pandemic threat posed by avian influenza for years. In the United States alone, over 168 million birds have been killed since 2022 to contain outbreaks of avian flu—testifying to the virus's economic and agricultural impact. But the more general concern is how close we may be to a mutation that makes possible efficient transmission from person to person.The recent Cambodian fatality, though isolated, is just a piece in a larger mosaic. With H5N1 now emerging in an expanding array of animal hosts, including mammals such as mink, cats, and even sea mammals, the path to human adaptation may be shortening.Who's Most at Risk Right Now?According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the general public remains at low risk, but the agency recommends heightened vigilance among farmers, poultry workers, veterinarians, and dairy handlers. Preventive steps include:Avoiding contact with sick or dead animalsUsing protective gear (gloves, masks, eye protection)Practicing good hygiene—especially handwashingCooking poultry and eggs thoroughly (to 165°F/74°C)Choosing pasteurized dairy products

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India, with the world's largest population and a frontline state in the war against <span>Covid-19</span>, is seeing a steady but significant increase in active cases. On May 27, 2025, the country had 1,010 active cases, with the majority of the cases in Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. This recent upsurge coincides with the detection of two newly emerging subvariants—NB.1.8.1 and LF.7—both descendants of the Omicron lineage, raising cautious concern among public health experts and virologists.

Although numbers are still relatively low compared to previous peaks hence there is no need for panic, the appearance of new mutations and uneven booster uptake have pushed India back into the international Covid-19 spotlight. Here's what the resurgence says, what is currently known about the subvariants, and how it might affect global pandemic preparedness.

India had 257 active cases on May 19. Within about a week, the number had passed 1,000, with Kerala contributing more than 400 of them and Delhi reporting over 100 cases. Maharashtra, which includes Mumbai, Pune, and Thane, remains a Covid hotspot, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare reports.

The recent discovery of new strains, especially NB.1.8.1 in Tamil Nadu and LF.7 in Gujarat, also complicates the epidemiological scenario. The latest such confirmed case, that of a 55-year-old woman from Noida in Uttar Pradesh, is the first for that district in the current surge, underlining the slow but consistent dissemination of the virus across geographies.

<h2>What Are The COVID Variants Currently Circulating?</h2>

The new-found sub-lineages NB.1.8.1 and LF.7 belong to the larger JN.1 Omicron lineage. Although these mutations have not yet been tagged as "Variants of Concern" by the World Health Organization (WHO), they are included in "Variants Under Monitoring"—a label for the mutations that can influence virus traits like transmissibility and potential for immune evasion.

Early investigations and genomic monitoring indicate that NB.1.8.1 possesses spike protein mutations like A435S, V445H, and T478I, which may make it more infectious and resistant to earlier immunity. LF.7 has also indicated capacity for partial immune evasion, while it is still premature to conclusively evaluate the clinical severity.

Dr. Arup Halder, Consultant Pulmonologist, CMRI Kolkata, provided essential insight, "As of May 2025, India is experiencing a modest but significant surge in COVID-19 cases. Though the majority of cases are still mild with low hospitalization rates, the increase is being fueled by newer sub-lineages of the JN.1 variant, namely LF.7 and NB.1.8, which are known to be highly transmissible and partially immunoevasive." 

<h2>What's Driving the Rise in Covid-19 Cases?</h2>

A number of factors are driving the increasing trend:

<strong>Declining Immunity:</strong> Naturally, immunity from past infections or vaccination weakens with time, increasing the susceptibility of populations to reinfection. Immunocompromised people and older adults are most vulnerable.

<strong>Weather and Climate:</strong> The advance arrival of monsoon in most Indian states has brought with it rising humidity and unstable temperatures—both conducive to transmission of respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2.

<strong>Improved Testing and Reporting: </strong>Maharashtra and Kerala states have had strong genomic surveillance infrastructure, which has helped in the early identification of new variants.

"Maharashtra's high test positivity rate is also due to its population density, international transit points, and early exposure to previous pandemic waves", Dr. Halder added.

India has so far given over 2.2 billion Covid-19 vaccine doses. Experts have, however, raised red flags over the patchy uptake of booster shots, particularly among high-risk categories like the elderly and healthcare workers. The bivalent boosters are still available, but variant-specific shots remain unavailable in India.

"Although new variant-specific vaccines are not yet ready, current bivalent boosters continue to reduce symptomatic infections by 50% and severe disease by as much as 80%," said Dr. Halder. "It is important that high-risk individuals receive a booster dose immediately, continue to mask in crowded areas, and practice basic hygiene measures."

Across the world, there is increasing concern over access to vaccines. In America, health officials recently dropped Covid-19 vaccination for healthy kids and expectant mothers from the CDC's vaccination calendar on the grounds of requiring more comprehensive clinical trials. Experts are concerned that such limitations may impact global confidence in vaccines and booster campaign momentum in nations such as India.

The WHO is monitoring seven variants under consideration, among which are NB.1.8.1 and LF.7. None have been designated as Variants of Concern, but the agency continues to assess how they're evolving using global genomic data.

NB.1.8.1, which has been found in more than 22 countries, has demonstrated a consistent rise in share across the world. This suggests a possible competitive edge over other existing circulating strains—worth watching through genomic surveillance and public health readiness.

Though the ongoing Covid-19 wave in India is mild in severity and containable with available healthcare infrastructure, it comes as a timely reminder: the pandemic does not end. The virus still mutates, and any slip in surveillance, booster coverage, or public health messaging can lead to populations being susceptible to future waves.

Delhi has already advised the hospitals to make beds available, oxygen supplies, and medicines and vaccine stockpiles. States such as Kerala are taking localized containment measures in order to trace the spread and promote testing in high-risk areas.

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India, with the world's largest population and a frontline state in the war against Covid-19, is seeing a steady but significant increase in active cases. On May 27, 2025, the country had 1,010 active cases, with the majority of the cases in Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. This recent upsurge coincides with the detection of two newly emerging subvariants—NB.1.8.1 and LF.7—both descendants of the Omicron lineage, raising cautious concern among public health experts and virologists.Although numbers are still relatively low compared to previous peaks hence there is no need for panic, the appearance of new mutations and uneven booster uptake have pushed India back into the international Covid-19 spotlight. Here's what the resurgence says, what is currently known about the subvariants, and how it might affect global pandemic preparedness.India had 257 active cases on May 19. Within about a week, the number had passed 1,000, with Kerala contributing more than 400 of them and Delhi reporting over 100 cases. Maharashtra, which includes Mumbai, Pune, and Thane, remains a Covid hotspot, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare reports.The recent discovery of new strains, especially NB.1.8.1 in Tamil Nadu and LF.7 in Gujarat, also complicates the epidemiological scenario. The latest such confirmed case, that of a 55-year-old woman from Noida in Uttar Pradesh, is the first for that district in the current surge, underlining the slow but consistent dissemination of the virus across geographies.What Are The COVID Variants Currently Circulating?The new-found sub-lineages NB.1.8.1 and LF.7 belong to the larger JN.1 Omicron lineage. Although these mutations have not yet been tagged as "Variants of Concern" by the World Health Organization (WHO), they are included in "Variants Under Monitoring"—a label for the mutations that can influence virus traits like transmissibility and potential for immune evasion.Early investigations and genomic monitoring indicate that NB.1.8.1 possesses spike protein mutations like A435S, V445H, and T478I, which may make it more infectious and resistant to earlier immunity. LF.7 has also indicated capacity for partial immune evasion, while it is still premature to conclusively evaluate the clinical severity.Dr. Arup Halder, Consultant Pulmonologist, CMRI Kolkata, provided essential insight, "As of May 2025, India is experiencing a modest but significant surge in COVID-19 cases. Though the majority of cases are still mild with low hospitalization rates, the increase is being fueled by newer sub-lineages of the JN.1 variant, namely LF.7 and NB.1.8, which are known to be highly transmissible and partially immunoevasive." What's Driving the Rise in Covid-19 Cases?A number of factors are driving the increasing trend:Declining Immunity: Naturally, immunity from past infections or vaccination weakens with time, increasing the susceptibility of populations to reinfection. Immunocompromised people and older adults are most vulnerable.Weather and Climate: The advance arrival of monsoon in most Indian states has brought with it rising humidity and unstable temperatures—both conducive to transmission of respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2.Improved Testing and Reporting: Maharashtra and Kerala states have had strong genomic surveillance infrastructure, which has helped in the early identification of new variants."Maharashtra's high test positivity rate is also due to its population density, international transit points, and early exposure to previous pandemic waves", Dr. Halder added.Vaccination and Booster StatusIndia has so far given over 2.2 billion Covid-19 vaccine doses. Experts have, however, raised red flags over the patchy uptake of booster shots, particularly among high-risk categories like the elderly and healthcare workers. The bivalent boosters are still available, but variant-specific shots remain unavailable in India."Although new variant-specific vaccines are not yet ready, current bivalent boosters continue to reduce symptomatic infections by 50% and severe disease by as much as 80%," said Dr. Halder. "It is important that high-risk individuals receive a booster dose immediately, continue to mask in crowded areas, and practice basic hygiene measures."Across the world, there is increasing concern over access to vaccines. In America, health officials recently dropped Covid-19 vaccination for healthy kids and expectant mothers from the CDC's vaccination calendar on the grounds of requiring more comprehensive clinical trials. Experts are concerned that such limitations may impact global confidence in vaccines and booster campaign momentum in nations such as India.The WHO is monitoring seven variants under consideration, among which are NB.1.8.1 and LF.7. None have been designated as Variants of Concern, but the agency continues to assess how they're evolving using global genomic data.NB.1.8.1, which has been found in more than 22 countries, has demonstrated a consistent rise in share across the world. This suggests a possible competitive edge over other existing circulating strains—worth watching through genomic surveillance and public health readiness.Should You Be Worried?Though the ongoing Covid-19 wave in India is mild in severity and containable with available healthcare infrastructure, it comes as a timely reminder: the pandemic does not end. The virus still mutates, and any slip in surveillance, booster coverage, or public health messaging can lead to populations being susceptible to future waves.Delhi has already advised the hospitals to make beds available, oxygen supplies, and medicines and vaccine stockpiles. States such as Kerala are taking localized containment measures in order to trace the spread and promote testing in high-risk areas.

india records 1,010 active covid cases, new variants lf.7 & nb.1.8.1 raise concerns

Can Drinking Alcohol Increase Your Risk Of Pancreatic Cancer? WHO Study Reveals Alarming Link

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A new study led by the World Health Organization (WHO) has cautioned against the further health risks of alcohol. The latest data from WHO's International Agency for Research on <span>Cancer</span> (IARC) indicate that drinking alcohol—particularly beer and spirits—has now been convincingly implicated with a heightened risk of pancreatic cancer, independent of smoking history or sex.

This new research, based on a global cohort of nearly 2.5 million participants on four continents, is one of the largest of its type. It highlights a small but important link between alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer—a particularly deadly cancer that is usually diagnosed too late to treat successfully.

Although alcohol is a confirmed carcinogen, its association with pancreatic cancer has long been a grey area, shrouded in controversy due to conflicting evidence and confounding by the role of tobacco smoking. The IARC study provides firmer evidence.

"Drinking alcohol is a recognized carcinogen, but up until now, evidence supporting the association with pancreatic cancer has been labeled as inconclusive," noted study senior author Pietro Ferrari, Head of the Nutrition and Metabolism Branch at WHO-IARC.

Drawing from pooled data from Asian, Australian, European, and North American epidemiological cohorts, the research sets up alcohol as an independent risk factor—a finding of significant significance, particularly for non-smokers who have unwittingly downplayed the effects of moderate to heavy drinking in the past.

<h2>Does Risk Increases with Alcohol Quantity?</h2>

The research revealed a dose-response relationship: the more alcohol consumed, the higher the risk. Each additional 10 grams of alcohol per day—the equivalent of a small glass of wine or half a pint of beer—was associated with a 3% increase in <span>pancreatic cancer risk</span>.

In women, 15 to 30 grams per day (about one to two standard drinks) was associated with a 12% increased risk compared with light drinkers. In men, 30 to 60 grams per day (two to four drinks) was associated with a 15% increase in risk, and those who drank greater than 60 grams per day had a 36% increase in risk.

These numbers are especially worrisome considering that studies even on moderate drinking—popular and socially accepted, by the way—are calculable in damage.

One of the research's most significant revelations is that the alcohol-pancreatic cancer connection holds true even among non-smokers. This is an elimination of a generation-long hypothesis that tobacco was perhaps the major offender in past research.

"Examination of our data revealed that the link exists even among non-smokers, and that alcohol in itself is an independent risk factor," Ferrari said.

The message is obvious: even smokers who don't smoke, but drink alcohol daily, are at increased risk of one of the most lethal cancers.

<h2>Why Pancreatic Cancer Is So Dangerous?</h2>

Pancreatic cancer accounts for about 3% of all cancers in the U.S. but is responsible for 7% of all cancer deaths, according to the American Cancer Society. This disproportionate fatality rate is largely due to its late detection.

The pancreas, a gland tucked behind the stomach, plays a vital role in digestion and blood sugar regulation. Unfortunately, its deep anatomical location often allows tumors to grow silently.

By the time symptoms such as jaundice, weight loss, or abdominal pain become apparent, the disease is usually in its advanced stages, with patients having few options for treatment and a poor prognosis.

<h2>Risk Factors of Pancreatic Cancer</h2>

Alcohol use is not the only risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Researchers and clinicians have long been aware of several other biological, lifestyle, and environmental risk factors, which include:

Smoking also doubles the risk of cancer of the pancreas. Tobacco is one of the most common and preventable risk factors in the world despite campaign efforts on public health.

Chronic pancreatitis, frequently caused by years of heavy alcohol consumption or by gallstones, can develop into a pre-cancerous process. Inflammatory cells produce growth factors and toxins that cause DNA damage, which may eventually induce malignant transformation.

<strong>Family History and Genetic Predisposition</strong>

Even though the majority of pancreatic cancer patients lack a family history, genetic predisposition is a factor. Gene mutations such as BRCA2 and PALB2 are increasingly being researched for their contribution to pancreatic cancer risk.

<strong>Age, Gender, and Ethnicity</strong>

Age: The majority of pancreatic cancers are diagnosed between 60 to 80 years of age.

Gender: Men are more likely to be affected compared to women.

Race: Incidence among African Americans is greater than among whites, Asians, or Hispanics.

Type 2 diabetics are also at a somewhat higher risk. Furthermore, diets high in processed foods and sugary drinks may be linked to cancer risk, although more studies are required for final conclusions.

In spite of the strength of the WHO-IARC study, scientists emphasize the necessity for further studies to investigate other nuances—namely patterns of lifetime alcohol use, binge drinking, and exposure to alcohol in early life.

Recognizing how long-term patterns of behavior affect cancer development could guide more successful public health interventions and early detection. 

Pancreatic cancer signs and symptoms are often vague and non-specific, so early diagnosis can be difficult. Some of the most important ones to be aware of are:

<ul><li>Upper abdominal pain that could radiate to the back</li><li>Weight loss that is unexplained</li><li>Jaundice (yellowish skin and eyes)</li><li>Floating or pale stools</li><li>Dark-colored urine</li><li>Diabetes that develops suddenly</li><li>Weakness and fatigue</li></ul>

Anyone who has these symptoms on a regular basis should see a healthcare provider right away. Early diagnosis, while uncommon, dramatically enhances treatment success.

Public health institutions would in turn need to reassess alcohol consumption recommendations, particularly those that have earlier defined "moderate drinking" as risk-free.

While alcohol is inextricably tied to much social and cultural activity across the globe, the increasing evidence of its carcinogenicity—now adding pancreatic cancer to the list—requires a more conservative narrative.

A new study led by the World Health Organization (WHO) has cautioned against the further health risks of alcohol. The latest data from WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) indicate that drinking alcohol—particularly beer and spirits—has now been convincingly implicated with a heightened risk of pancreatic cancer, independent of smoking history or sex.This new research, based on a global cohort of nearly 2.5 million participants on four continents, is one of the largest of its type. It highlights a small but important link between alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer—a particularly deadly cancer that is usually diagnosed too late to treat successfully.Although alcohol is a confirmed carcinogen, its association with pancreatic cancer has long been a grey area, shrouded in controversy due to conflicting evidence and confounding by the role of tobacco smoking. The IARC study provides firmer evidence."Drinking alcohol is a recognized carcinogen, but up until now, evidence supporting the association with pancreatic cancer has been labeled as inconclusive," noted study senior author Pietro Ferrari, Head of the Nutrition and Metabolism Branch at WHO-IARC.Drawing from pooled data from Asian, Australian, European, and North American epidemiological cohorts, the research sets up alcohol as an independent risk factor—a finding of significant significance, particularly for non-smokers who have unwittingly downplayed the effects of moderate to heavy drinking in the past.Does Risk Increases with Alcohol Quantity?The research revealed a dose-response relationship: the more alcohol consumed, the higher the risk. Each additional 10 grams of alcohol per day—the equivalent of a small glass of wine or half a pint of beer—was associated with a 3% increase in pancreatic cancer risk.In women, 15 to 30 grams per day (about one to two standard drinks) was associated with a 12% increased risk compared with light drinkers. In men, 30 to 60 grams per day (two to four drinks) was associated with a 15% increase in risk, and those who drank greater than 60 grams per day had a 36% increase in risk.These numbers are especially worrisome considering that studies even on moderate drinking—popular and socially accepted, by the way—are calculable in damage.One of the research's most significant revelations is that the alcohol-pancreatic cancer connection holds true even among non-smokers. This is an elimination of a generation-long hypothesis that tobacco was perhaps the major offender in past research."Examination of our data revealed that the link exists even among non-smokers, and that alcohol in itself is an independent risk factor," Ferrari said.The message is obvious: even smokers who don't smoke, but drink alcohol daily, are at increased risk of one of the most lethal cancers.Why Pancreatic Cancer Is So Dangerous?Pancreatic cancer accounts for about 3% of all cancers in the U.S. but is responsible for 7% of all cancer deaths, according to the American Cancer Society. This disproportionate fatality rate is largely due to its late detection.The pancreas, a gland tucked behind the stomach, plays a vital role in digestion and blood sugar regulation. Unfortunately, its deep anatomical location often allows tumors to grow silently.By the time symptoms such as jaundice, weight loss, or abdominal pain become apparent, the disease is usually in its advanced stages, with patients having few options for treatment and a poor prognosis.Risk Factors of Pancreatic CancerAlcohol use is not the only risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Researchers and clinicians have long been aware of several other biological, lifestyle, and environmental risk factors, which include:SmokingSmoking also doubles the risk of cancer of the pancreas. Tobacco is one of the most common and preventable risk factors in the world despite campaign efforts on public health.Chronic PancreatitisChronic pancreatitis, frequently caused by years of heavy alcohol consumption or by gallstones, can develop into a pre-cancerous process. Inflammatory cells produce growth factors and toxins that cause DNA damage, which may eventually induce malignant transformation.Family History and Genetic PredispositionEven though the majority of pancreatic cancer patients lack a family history, genetic predisposition is a factor. Gene mutations such as BRCA2 and PALB2 are increasingly being researched for their contribution to pancreatic cancer risk.Age, Gender, and EthnicityAge: The majority of pancreatic cancers are diagnosed between 60 to 80 years of age.Gender: Men are more likely to be affected compared to women.Race: Incidence among African Americans is greater than among whites, Asians, or Hispanics.Diabetes and DietType 2 diabetics are also at a somewhat higher risk. Furthermore, diets high in processed foods and sugary drinks may be linked to cancer risk, although more studies are required for final conclusions.In spite of the strength of the WHO-IARC study, scientists emphasize the necessity for further studies to investigate other nuances—namely patterns of lifetime alcohol use, binge drinking, and exposure to alcohol in early life.Recognizing how long-term patterns of behavior affect cancer development could guide more successful public health interventions and early detection. Pancreatic Cancer SymptomsPancreatic cancer signs and symptoms are often vague and non-specific, so early diagnosis can be difficult. Some of the most important ones to be aware of are:Upper abdominal pain that could radiate to the backWeight loss that is unexplainedJaundice (yellowish skin and eyes)Floating or pale stoolsDark-colored urineDiabetes that develops suddenlyWeakness and fatigueAnyone who has these symptoms on a regular basis should see a healthcare provider right away. Early diagnosis, while uncommon, dramatically enhances treatment success.Public health institutions would in turn need to reassess alcohol consumption recommendations, particularly those that have earlier defined "moderate drinking" as risk-free.While alcohol is inextricably tied to much social and cultural activity across the globe, the increasing evidence of its carcinogenicity—now adding pancreatic cancer to the list—requires a more conservative narrative.The WHO-conducted research brings strong evidence that alcohol is not only a liver-destroying substance; it's also a powerful causative factor in one of the deadliest forms of cancer, even among individuals who have never smoked.

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Can Drinking Alcohol Increase Your Risk Of Pancreatic Cancer? WHO Study Reveals Alarming Link

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