As summer temperatures rise, so are COVID-19 cases across much of the United States. Data released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on July 18 shows that at least 26 states plus Washington, D.C. are experiencing a noticeable uptick in COVID-19 activity, especially in emergency departments.This isn’t the first time COVID-19 has surged during the summer. Since 2020, the virus has followed a seasonal pattern, often spiking between June and August. What’s different this year is the emergence of two new variants nicknamed Nimbus and Stratus—descendants of the Omicron family—that appear to be driving the current wave.According to CDC modeling, case trends are either growing or likely growing in more than half the country. The hardest-hit regions? The South and Southeast, including states like Arkansas, Kentucky, North Carolina, and Texas. Other states such as Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Virginia are also seeing rising trends.In addition, the virus is likely growing in 16 more states, including California, Georgia, Michigan, New York, and Tennessee. Only one state Montana is currently seeing a likely decline.One particularly concerning trend: a rise in COVID-related emergency department visits among children under 4 years old. Though the CDC emphasizes that overall respiratory illness activity remains low, this uptick among young children has raised red flags for pediatricians.Dr. Kushal Agrawal, Neonatologist and Pediatrician, notes that “the virus might not be more deadly, but younger children are still vulnerable because of limited prior exposure and lower vaccine eligibility.”What’s Fueling the Summer COVID Surge In US?There are a number of explanations for the present summer peak in COVID-19 cases. One primary explanation is the development of new mutations—variants such as Nimbus and Stratus—that keep changing in ways that make them more contagious and able to evade immunity acquired through past infections or vaccines. Another reason is augmented travel and socialization. With most lockdowns relaxed, more individuals are spending time indoors, where there is air conditioning, and these are the perfect environments for the virus to be spread. Moreover, pandemic fatigue caused a general reduction in the practice of wearing masks and other preventive measures, even in high-risk environments. Though it's comforting that these newer versions have not been associated with more serious illness—cough, sore throat, fever, and fatigue symptoms are still largely consistent with previous Omicron waves—the increase in cases is an unmistakable sign that we cannot become complacent, particularly when it comes to protecting children.How to Keep Your Kids Safe This Summer?With schools, summer camps, and playdates back in full swing, parents are understandably anxious. While most restrictions have been lifted, COVID is still very much around, and kids—especially those under 12—may remain vulnerable. Here’s how families can take action:1. Don’t Ditch the Mask YetEven if mandates are gone, masks are still helpful—especially in indoor, poorly ventilated areas. Dr. Agrawal recommends, “Young children should wear masks in crowded places like malls or indoor play zones, particularly if they aren’t fully vaccinated.”2. Prioritize Hand HygieneFrequent handwashing with soap or sanitizers (at least 60% alcohol) remains a cornerstone of infection control. Make it easy for kids by keeping sanitizer in their backpacks and reminding them to use it before meals.3. Keep Sick Kids HomeIt may feel like a hassle, but keeping kids at home when they have symptoms like cough, fever, or sore throat is crucial. This applies not only to COVID-19 but to other respiratory infections that tend to circulate in schools and daycare centers.4. Improve Indoor Air QualityWhether at home or in schools, proper ventilation can significantly reduce virus spread. Open windows, use fans, and invest in HEPA filters if feasible. Schools should prioritize classroom air circulation and filtration systems.5. Stay Up to Date on VaccinesThis doesn’t just mean COVID shots. Flu shots and other routine immunizations help reduce overall illness, which in turn reduces strain on families and healthcare systems. The CDC still recommends COVID vaccination to prevent serious illness and hospitalization.6. Mind Their Mental HealthCOVID-19 isn’t just a physical health issue. Kids may feel anxious about getting sick or dealing with disrupted plans. Dr. Agrawal advises parents to “talk openly about their feelings, reassure them, and keep routines consistent” to create a sense of stability.We’re not where we were in 2020. Vaccines, prior infections, and improved awareness mean the virus has less room to cause widespread chaos. But it’s not gone either.Summer surges like this remind us that COVID-19 is still unpredictable. For families with young children, the goal should be to balance caution with normalcy. A few simple measures—masks in tight spaces, staying home when sick, hand hygiene can go a long way in ensuring kids stay healthy while enjoying their summer. As Dr. Agrawal puts it, “Let them learn, play and grow but do it wisely.”Dr Kushal Agrawal, HOD, Department of Neonatology and Paediatrics, KVR Hospital, Kashipur.