When 15-year-old Aadya completed her Class 10 board exams, she was supposed to breathe a sigh of relief, not confront a life-altering diagnosis. A bright student from Noida, India, Aadya had always been active and poised. So when her mother noticed a slight curve in her posture, it was brushed off as just another case of bad teenage posture. What followed, however, was a revelation that changed the trajectory of her life.Aadya was diagnosed with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, a condition where the spine curves abnormally, often forming an "S" or "C" shape. The family had never heard of the term before. Yet, in a matter of days, she underwent spinal correction surgery to prevent permanent deformity and complications that could impact her lungs and heart.Her journey is not unique, scoliosis, a condition often overshadowed by other childhood health issues, affects millions of children worldwide. In the United States alone, about 3 million new cases are diagnosed every year, most of them in children between the ages of 10 and 15. Yet, despite its prevalence, scoliosis remains dangerously underdiagnosed, with many families and schools unaware of the early warning signs.What is Scoliosis?Scoliosis is defined by a sideways curvature of the spine, often forming an “S” or “C” shape when viewed from behind. While a healthy spine appears straight, a child with scoliosis may lean to one side, have uneven shoulders or hips, or display a prominent shoulder blade. The condition can affect the thoracic (mid-back) or lumbar (lower back) regions, and in severe cases, it can impact internal organs like the heart and lungs.The majority of childhood scoliosis cases—about 80%—are classified as idiopathic, meaning there is no identifiable cause. Other types arise from congenital spinal deformities, neuromuscular disorders such as muscular dystrophy or cerebral palsy, or connective tissue diseases like Marfan or Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. Sometimes, trauma, infection, or even tumors can trigger the condition.Globally, the prevalence of scoliosis in children and adolescents is estimated at around 3.1%, with rates varying by region, gender, and other factors. Girls are disproportionately affected, with some studies showing they are up to seven times more likely than boys to develop severe forms of the disease. The risk increases with age, peaking during the rapid growth spurts of adolescence.Aadya’s doctor, Dr. Tarun Suri, Orthopaedic and Spine Surgeon at Amrita Hospital, Faridabad, says, “When Aadya came to us, her spinal curvature had already reached nearly 50 degrees—well beyond the surgical threshold. The deformity was not just cosmetic; left untreated, it could impair lung and heart function.”What makes this condition more alarming is that girls are seven times more likely to be affected than boys, and nearly 80% of cases have no identifiable cause—making early detection and routine school screenings absolutely vital.Despite the medical terminology, scoliosis can present in subtle ways: uneven shoulders, an asymmetrical waist, leaning posture, or a visible rib hump when the child bends forward. These signs are often dismissed until the curvature worsens.Scoliosis is not just a physical challenge—it carries deep emotional and psychological consequences. A 2024 study published in Springer Nature revealed that 58% of adolescents with scoliosis also experience mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, eating disorders, and distorted body image.Aadya’s journey was no different. “The word ‘scoliosis’ was terrifying,” her mother recalls. “The idea of surgery during her board exams? Unimaginable. But today, seeing her walk tall and smile again, we know we made the right decision.”According to Dr. Suri, “For a young girl facing board exams and social pressures, we knew the emotional stakes were as high as the medical ones. Our team’s goal was to offer not just clinical excellence but a holistic recovery.”Recovery from spinal surgery is often both physical and psychological, requiring strong family support and open communication with schools to create flexible academic plans during the healing process.Recognising Signs Of ScoliosisRecognizing scoliosis early is crucial. Symptoms may be subtle at first—uneven shoulders, a tilted waist, or one hip higher than the other. Some children may develop a visible rib hump when bending forward. These signs can easily be mistaken for poor posture or shrugged off as growing pains.Unfortunately, the lack of routine scoliosis screenings in many schools means that most cases are detected late, often after the curve has progressed to a point where surgery is the only option. Dr. Tarun Suri, Aadya’s orthopedic surgeon, emphasizes the importance of vigilance:“When Aadya came to us, her spinal curvature had already reached nearly 50 degrees—well beyond the surgical threshold. The deformity was not just cosmetic; left untreated, it could impair lung and heart function. For a young girl facing board exams and social pressures, we knew the emotional stakes were as high as the medical ones. Our team’s goal was to offer not just clinical excellence but a holistic recovery.”The impact of scoliosis extends far beyond the spine. A 2024 study published in Springer Nature found that 58% of adolescents with scoliosis struggle with mental health issues, including anxiety, depression, poor body image, and eating disorders. The visible nature of the condition, coupled with the challenges of bracing or surgery, can deeply affect a child’s self-esteem and social life.Dr. Suri notes, “Every parent, every schoolteacher should know what scoliosis looks like. Early detection can prevent years of physical and psychological trauma.”What Parents Should KnowUnderstanding what to look for and acting early can be life-changing. Here are common signs parents should monitor:One shoulder higher than the otherUneven hips or waistVisible curve in the spineRibs that stick out on one side when bendingThe child leaning to one side when standingIf you suspect scoliosis, consult a pediatrician or orthopedic specialist promptly. Diagnosing it early could mean avoiding surgery altogether and preserving your child’s long-term quality of life.Causes and Risk Factors of Scoliosis in KidsWhile most cases are idiopathic, researchers have identified several risk factors that may contribute to scoliosis:Genetics: Scoliosis often runs in families, suggesting a hereditary link.Gender: Girls are more likely to develop severe curves that require treatment.Age: The risk peaks between ages 10 and 15, coinciding with puberty and growth spurts.Other Health Conditions: Neuromuscular disorders, congenital spinal anomalies, and connective tissue diseases all increase risk.Environmental and lifestyle factors, such as nutrition and physical activity, may also play a role, though evidence is still emerging.Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam and imaging studies like X-rays to measure the degree of curvature. Curves greater than 10 degrees are considered scoliosis, but intervention depends on severity and progression. Mild cases may only require monitoring, while moderate cases might be managed with bracing. Severe curves—usually over 40 degrees—often necessitate surgery to prevent lasting deformity and internal complications.Despite affecting millions worldwide, scoliosis remains underrecognized, especially in low- and middle-income countries where access to screening and specialist care is limited. Scoliosis may not be life-threatening, but it is life-altering—especially when left undiagnosed. As in Aadya’s case, what appeared to be poor posture was a hidden condition with the potential to damage her heart and lungs.With 1 in 10 kids at risk, scoliosis deserves more visibility in public health conversations. From mandatory school screenings to more accessible orthopedic care, addressing this condition early can save children from both physical deformity and emotional distress. And perhaps, most importantly, it can help more children—like Aadya—stand tall, pain-free, and confident once again.