As India enters the peak of summer, heatwave conditions have already begun affecting several parts of the country. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has predicted that these extreme conditions will continue over the next few weeks, especially across North India, including Delhi NCR, Punjab, and Haryana.While the national capital experienced a brief relief with thunderstorms and lightning on April 10, IMD’s forecast suggests that heatwave warnings will remain in place from April 15 onwards, putting millions at risk of heat-related health issues.Among the lesser-discussed but significant health concerns during heatwaves is eye health. Alongside dehydration and exhaustion, prolonged exposure to high temperatures and ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause a range of eye-related problems, from temporary discomfort to long-term damage.How Heatwaves Affect the EyesThe combination of heat and low humidity causes tears to evaporate faster, leading to dry eye syndrome. Symptoms include redness, itching, burning sensations, and a gritty feeling, as though something is stuck in the eye. Blurred vision and eye fatigue may also occur.More seriously, intense UV radiation from the sun can cause photokeratitis, or sunburn of the eye. This condition damages the cornea, resulting in pain, light sensitivity, and temporary vision loss. Over time, long-term UV exposure increases the risk of cataracts and macular degeneration, both of which can cause permanent vision problems.Ironically, trying to escape the heat can also backfire. Spending too much time in air-conditioned environments dries out the air, which further reduces moisture in the eyes, intensifying the symptoms of dry eyes.Tips to Protect Your Eyes During a HeatwaveFortunately, simple preventive steps can go a long way in protecting your eyes:Wear UV-Protective Sunglasses: Choose eyewear that blocks 100% of UVA and UVB rays to minimize sun damage.Stay Hydrated: Drinking water supports tear production and keeps your eyes naturally moist.Use Lubricating Eye Drops: Artificial tears help counteract the drying effects of both heat and air conditioning.Avoid Direct Sunlight: Try to stay indoors between 10 AM and 4 PM. If you must go out, wear a hat with a wide brim.Limit Air Conditioner Exposure: Avoid sitting directly under AC vents or fans. Use a humidifier if indoor air feels too dry.How the Body Reacts to HeatwavesThe body maintains a stable core temperature—around 37°C—through internal mechanisms controlled by the hypothalamus. Under normal conditions, sweating helps the body release heat, but in hot and humid weather, sweat doesn’t evaporate efficiently, reducing the cooling effect.A 1985 NASA report noted that the body can only tolerate external temperatures above 35°C if humidity is low. When it fails to cool itself properly, the body begins to store excess heat—a condition known as hyperthermia.This begins with heat exhaustion, marked by dizziness, weakness, thirst, and nausea. A 2023 study by the University of Roehampton in the UK found that at 40°C and 25% humidity, metabolic rates jumped by 35%—even though the core body temperature remained stable, the body was clearly under stress.If untreated, heat exhaustion can progress to heatstroke, a potentially fatal condition where the body temperature exceeds 40°C. It puts enormous strain on the heart, kidneys, and brain, and requires immediate medical attention.