SummaryNeoadjuvant therapy (NT) is like a warm-up session but for cancer treatment. Instead of rushing into surgery to remove the tumour, doctors first administer chemotherapy and targeted drugs. The idea is to shrink the tumour, make surgery easier, and gather valuable intel on how the cancer responds. One of the superpowers of NT is its ability to act as a kind of crystal ball. By giving treatment before surgery, doctors can tell which patients are “responders” and which are not.