Health and Me

Ishita Roy

New Study Reveals Strong Link Between ADHD And Nicotine Use In Youth

Strong link between people with ADHD and smoking

Young people who have multiple symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (<span><a href="https://www.healthandme.com/health/adhd">ADHD</a></span>) are more likely to use nicotine through vaping, smoking, or other tobacco products. This has been revealed in a recent study which was published in JAMA Network Open. The research has also highlighted a worrying link between <span>mental health</span> and substance use among adolescents. 

The study is led by Sean Esteban McCabe, an epidemiologist at the University of Michigan and analyzed the data from the Population Assessment of tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. This long-term research tracked 13,572 American adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 over a period of nine years. The study used annual surveys to gather information on tobacco use and ADHD symptoms.

The results showed that teens who exhibited three or more symptoms of ADHD had significantly higher adjusted odds of using nicotine-based products, compared to those with no symptoms. Interestingly, individuals with "asymptomatic" ADHD—meaning they had very mild or no noticeable symptoms—did not show higher odds of tobacco use compared to those in the control group.

<h4>Understanding ADHD and Nicotine Use</h4>

ADHD is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions in childhood. It is commonly characterized by difficulty in paying attention, controlling impulses, and, in some cases, excessive activity. While the symptoms vary in intensity, even a few persistent signs can have notable effects on a young person’s behavior and choices.

In this study, symptoms were assessed through questions like: “When was the last time that you did the following things two or more times… Felt restless or the need to run around or climb on things?” The more such symptoms a teenager reported, the higher their risk of using tobacco.

For example, the research found that teens with three to four ADHD symptoms were 60% more likely to vape than those with no ADHD symptoms.

<h4>Nicotine as a Form of Self-Medication?</h4>

One of the main reasons behind this pattern may be nicotine’s short-term effects on the brain. It can temporarily improve focus and alertness, which might appeal to individuals struggling with ADHD. “So people with ADHD might use tobacco to self-medicate,” McCabe explained to ScienceNews.

While this might offer a brief sense of relief, nicotine remains highly addictive and poses numerous health risks, especially to young, developing bodies and brains.

<h4>Implications for Parents and Public Health</h4>

These findings contribute to growing evidence that links psychological or mental health issues with substance use, including nicotine addiction. Past studies have also connected tobacco use with anxiety and depression.

McCabe emphasizes the importance of not overlooking ADHD symptoms in children. “This study suggests that if their symptoms of ADHD are controlled through therapy… or if the symptoms naturally dissipate, [kids] remain at lower risk for tobacco and nicotine and associated adverse outcomes,” he noted.

Although cigarette smoking has declined among teenagers in recent years, the popularity of vaping continues to rise. Marketed initially as a safer alternative, vaping has now been linked to several health concerns. Experts warn that it is far from harmless.

“Tobacco remains the leading cause of preventable death,” McCabe said. “Preventing tobacco use would be a powerful game changer for anyone — including those with ADHD.”

Health Conditions A-Z

health

ADHD and smoking

health and wellness

smoker

youth smoking

aDHD

mental health

Parents Spot A Strange ‘Glow’ In Son’s Left Eye; A Googled ‘Home Test’ Confirmed Their Worst Fears

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Young people who have multiple symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to use nicotine through vaping, smoking, or other tobacco products. This has been revealed in a recent study which was published in JAMA Network Open. The research has also highlighted a worrying link between mental health and substance use among adolescents. What Did The Study Find?The study is led by Sean Esteban McCabe, an epidemiologist at the University of Michigan and analyzed the data from the Population Assessment of tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. This long-term research tracked 13,572 American adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 over a period of nine years. The study used annual surveys to gather information on tobacco use and ADHD symptoms.The results showed that teens who exhibited three or more symptoms of ADHD had significantly higher adjusted odds of using nicotine-based products, compared to those with no symptoms. Interestingly, individuals with "asymptomatic" ADHD—meaning they had very mild or no noticeable symptoms—did not show higher odds of tobacco use compared to those in the control group.Understanding ADHD and Nicotine UseADHD is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental conditions in childhood. It is commonly characterized by difficulty in paying attention, controlling impulses, and, in some cases, excessive activity. While the symptoms vary in intensity, even a few persistent signs can have notable effects on a young person’s behavior and choices.In this study, symptoms were assessed through questions like: “When was the last time that you did the following things two or more times… Felt restless or the need to run around or climb on things?” The more such symptoms a teenager reported, the higher their risk of using tobacco.For example, the research found that teens with three to four ADHD symptoms were 60% more likely to vape than those with no ADHD symptoms.Nicotine as a Form of Self-Medication?One of the main reasons behind this pattern may be nicotine’s short-term effects on the brain. It can temporarily improve focus and alertness, which might appeal to individuals struggling with ADHD. “So people with ADHD might use tobacco to self-medicate,” McCabe explained to ScienceNews.While this might offer a brief sense of relief, nicotine remains highly addictive and poses numerous health risks, especially to young, developing bodies and brains.Implications for Parents and Public HealthThese findings contribute to growing evidence that links psychological or mental health issues with substance use, including nicotine addiction. Past studies have also connected tobacco use with anxiety and depression.McCabe emphasizes the importance of not overlooking ADHD symptoms in children. “This study suggests that if their symptoms of ADHD are controlled through therapy… or if the symptoms naturally dissipate, [kids] remain at lower risk for tobacco and nicotine and associated adverse outcomes,” he noted.Although cigarette smoking has declined among teenagers in recent years, the popularity of vaping continues to rise. Marketed initially as a safer alternative, vaping has now been linked to several health concerns. Experts warn that it is far from harmless.“Tobacco remains the leading cause of preventable death,” McCabe said. “Preventing tobacco use would be a powerful game changer for anyone — including those with ADHD.”

new study reveals strong link between adhd and nicotine use in youth

Riya Baibhawi

Screentime Is Leading To Insomnia, Researchers Say

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Thousands of people struggle to <span>sleep</span> across the world. A survey of 45,202 young adults in <span>Norway</span> has discovered that screen-scrolling in bed drives up your risk of <span>insomnia</span> by 59 per cent and cuts your sleep time by 24 minutes. Scientists have found another reason to put the phone down: a survey of 45,202 young adults in Norway has discovered that using a screen in bed drives up your risk of insomnia by 59% and cuts your sleep time by 24 minutes. However, social media was not found to be more disruptive than other screen activities.

"The type of screen activity does not appear to matter as much as the overall time spent using screens in bed,” said Dr Gunnhild Johnsen Hjetland of the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, lead author of the article in Frontiers in Psychiatry. “We found no significant differences between social media and other screen activities, suggesting that screen use itself is the key factor in sleep disruption — likely due to time displacement, where screen use delays sleep by taking up time that would otherwise be spent resting.”

Sleep is critical to our mental and physical health, but many of us don’t get enough. At the same time, an increasing number of people are accustomed to using screens in bed, which may be associated with poor sleep. Screen use is thought to impact sleep in four ways: notifications disturb sleep, screen time replaces sleeping time, screen activities keep you wakeful so you take longer to fall asleep, or light exposure delays circadian rhythms.

"Sleep problems are highly prevalent among students and have significant implications for mental health, academic performance, and overall well-being, but previous studies have primarily focused on adolescents,” said Hjetland. “Given the widespread use of screens in bed we aimed to explore the relationship between different screen activities and sleep patterns. We expected that social media use might be more strongly associated with poorer sleep, given its interactive nature and potential for emotional stimulation.”

The findings of this study suggest that it’s not just the content that keeps people awake but the overall duration of screen exposure before bedtime. When people spend prolonged hours scrolling through screens, they might not only be reducing their sleep window but also disrupting their sleep cycles. This can have a cascading effect on overall health, affecting mood, concentration, and even immunity.

Reducing screen time before bed could be a simple yet effective strategy to enhance sleep quality. Setting a digital curfew, using blue light filters, and engaging in relaxing bedtime routines like reading a book or practicing mindfulness can help counteract the negative impact of screens. Sleep experts also recommend creating a sleep-conducive environment by dimming the lights and avoiding stimulating activities at least an hour before bedtime.

With screen usage becoming a significant part of modern life, it’s essential to be mindful of how digital habits influence sleep patterns. The consequences of chronic sleep deprivation extend beyond feeling tired the next day — they can increase the risk of mental health issues, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. By taking small steps to reduce screen time in bed, individuals can make significant improvements to their sleep health and overall well-being.

Sleep

norway

Insomnia

Sleep disorders

Screentime

Thousands of people struggle to sleep across the world. A survey of 45,202 young adults in Norway has discovered that screen-scrolling in bed drives up your risk of insomnia by 59 per cent and cuts your sleep time by 24 minutes. Scientists have found another reason to put the phone down: a survey of 45,202 young adults in Norway has discovered that using a screen in bed drives up your risk of insomnia by 59% and cuts your sleep time by 24 minutes. However, social media was not found to be more disruptive than other screen activities."The type of screen activity does not appear to matter as much as the overall time spent using screens in bed,” said Dr Gunnhild Johnsen Hjetland of the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, lead author of the article in Frontiers in Psychiatry. “We found no significant differences between social media and other screen activities, suggesting that screen use itself is the key factor in sleep disruption — likely due to time displacement, where screen use delays sleep by taking up time that would otherwise be spent resting.”Sleep is critical to our mental and physical health, but many of us don’t get enough. At the same time, an increasing number of people are accustomed to using screens in bed, which may be associated with poor sleep. Screen use is thought to impact sleep in four ways: notifications disturb sleep, screen time replaces sleeping time, screen activities keep you wakeful so you take longer to fall asleep, or light exposure delays circadian rhythms."Sleep problems are highly prevalent among students and have significant implications for mental health, academic performance, and overall well-being, but previous studies have primarily focused on adolescents,” said Hjetland. “Given the widespread use of screens in bed we aimed to explore the relationship between different screen activities and sleep patterns. We expected that social media use might be more strongly associated with poorer sleep, given its interactive nature and potential for emotional stimulation.”The findings of this study suggest that it’s not just the content that keeps people awake but the overall duration of screen exposure before bedtime. When people spend prolonged hours scrolling through screens, they might not only be reducing their sleep window but also disrupting their sleep cycles. This can have a cascading effect on overall health, affecting mood, concentration, and even immunity.Reducing screen time before bed could be a simple yet effective strategy to enhance sleep quality. Setting a digital curfew, using blue light filters, and engaging in relaxing bedtime routines like reading a book or practicing mindfulness can help counteract the negative impact of screens. Sleep experts also recommend creating a sleep-conducive environment by dimming the lights and avoiding stimulating activities at least an hour before bedtime.With screen usage becoming a significant part of modern life, it’s essential to be mindful of how digital habits influence sleep patterns. The consequences of chronic sleep deprivation extend beyond feeling tired the next day — they can increase the risk of mental health issues, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. By taking small steps to reduce screen time in bed, individuals can make significant improvements to their sleep health and overall well-being.

screentime is leading to insomnia, researchers say

Aarushi Bhadury

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'It was Sobering': John Cena's Cancer Diagnosis Changed His Perspective On Life

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Shane, who had welcomed his second born son Kooper a year ago, noticed a strange glow in their child’s eye. Young Kooper’s parents, from Wales, explained that although after noticing this glow, they did not think much of it. They saw a white patch in their son’s eyes in low light, which prompted them to google the symptoms with one suggesting shining light directly into his eyes, which made the glow apparent! What they didn’t know at the time is that their son would soon be diagnosed with a rare form of <span>cancer</span> that affects kids under the age of six: Retinoblastoma. 

Cancer is the leading cause of death in children and adolescents, it is one such disease that can unilaterally affect anyone, regardless of age, gender or any other factors. Every year more than 300,000 kids are diagnosed with cancer globally, according to the Indian Cancer society. 

According to the American Cancer Society, Retinoblastoma is the most common type of eye cancer among children, it accounts for about 2% of all childhood cancer. However, it is a rare cancer affecting 3.3 cases per 1 million people under the age of 20 

The World Health Organization (WHO) explains that 80% of children with cancer are cured, a surprising statistic showed that less than 30% of children are cured, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). 

The Childhood Eye Cancer Trust (CHECT) emphasizes that common indicators of retinoblastoma include a white glow in the eye – which may only be visible under specific lighting conditions or in photographs – a squint, a change in the eye's appearance, or swelling of the eye. 

Often, only a single symptom might be present. While a photo can reveal the tell-tale white glow, it's not always the case. Therefore, CHECT strongly advises seeking professional medical advice even if a photo doesn't show a glow but other symptoms are apparent. 

<h2>Kooper’s Diagnosis And Initial Complications </h2>

Shane described the anxious period leading up to the diagnosis, "I noticed it on a Friday, and we decided to take him to the doctor first thing on Monday. The weekend was filled with panic, endless online searches, and imagining the worst – it was a terrifying experience. The doctor referred us to the local hospital a couple of days later, which was another unsettling time of uncertainty. We had read that there could be other reasons for the obscured red reflex in his eye, so we clung to the hope of a different diagnosis." The family had an appointment at Birmingham Women and Children's Hospital in December 2024. 

Shane reflected on receiving the devastating news, "I don't think anything can truly prepare you to hear that your one-year-old has cancer, might lose his eye, or might never see out of it again – it was an incredibly emotional time. We immediately called our parents and used WhatsApp groups to inform the rest of the family. They had already suspected retinoblastoma after our initial hospital visit, so this was confirmation. We used the information provided at the hospital to reassure them and explain the treatment plan. The doctor discussed various chemotherapy options and also offered genetic testing, which we opted for, considering Kooper has an older brother and for Kooper's future and potential children." 

<h2>Treatment for Retinoblastoma and Side Effects </h2>

Kooper has started receiving chemotherapy as the primary treatment for his retinoblastoma. His father, Shane, explained that the treatment plan has involved multiple approaches so far, including delivering chemotherapy drugs directly into an artery, using laser therapy, and administering chemotherapy via injections. The effectiveness of these different methods has varied. 

A recent medical examination indicated that the main tumor in Kooper's eye had reduced in size. However, the doctors also noted the growth of smaller clusters of cancerous cells, known as spores, within his eye. Because of this, there's hope that the most recent treatment, the chemotherapy injection, will be successful in addressing this new development. 

Shane also described a difficult side effect that Kooper experiences after each treatment session. For several days following his chemotherapy, when he is on steroid medication, Kooper becomes very distressed. This period of discomfort makes it impossible for his parents to send him to nursery, which is challenging as they both work. Despite these difficulties, Shane mentioned that Kooper surprisingly seems to enjoy his visits to the hospital. 

According to The National Eye Institute retinoblastoma is a rare form of cancer that forms in the retina, it can cause blindness as well as can be life threatening. However, early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent vision loss as well as from spreading cancer 

The most common thing parents notice with this eye cancer is that the black circle in the middle of their child's eye looks white when light shines on it. Often, this shows up in flash photos. The National Eye Institute explains that other symptoms include. 

<ul><li>Eyes that look crossed or one eye that wanders.</li><li>An eye that looks sore, puffy, or red.</li><li>Eyes that seem watery all the time.</li><li>Not being able to see very well.</li><li>Falling down more often.</li><li>Bumping into things.</li><li>Having trouble getting around the house.</li><li>Holding toys and books very close to the face to see them better.</li></ul>

real life cancer story

cancer in children

kid diagnose with rare cancer

Google home test revealed child's cancer

strange white glow in kid's eyes

Cancer

Shane, who had welcomed his second born son Kooper a year ago, noticed a strange glow in their child’s eye. Young Kooper’s parents, from Wales, explained that although after noticing this glow, they did not think much of it. They saw a white patch in their son’s eyes in low light, which prompted them to google the symptoms with one suggesting shining light directly into his eyes, which made the glow apparent! What they didn’t know at the time is that their son would soon be diagnosed with a rare form of cancer that affects kids under the age of six: Retinoblastoma. Cancer is the leading cause of death in children and adolescents, it is one such disease that can unilaterally affect anyone, regardless of age, gender or any other factors. Every year more than 300,000 kids are diagnosed with cancer globally, according to the Indian Cancer society. According to the American Cancer Society, Retinoblastoma is the most common type of eye cancer among children, it accounts for about 2% of all childhood cancer. However, it is a rare cancer affecting 3.3 cases per 1 million people under the age of 20 The World Health Organization (WHO) explains that 80% of children with cancer are cured, a surprising statistic showed that less than 30% of children are cured, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Unexpected Symptom Of Cancer The Childhood Eye Cancer Trust (CHECT) emphasizes that common indicators of retinoblastoma include a white glow in the eye – which may only be visible under specific lighting conditions or in photographs – a squint, a change in the eye's appearance, or swelling of the eye. Often, only a single symptom might be present. While a photo can reveal the tell-tale white glow, it's not always the case. Therefore, CHECT strongly advises seeking professional medical advice even if a photo doesn't show a glow but other symptoms are apparent. Kooper’s Diagnosis And Initial Complications Shane described the anxious period leading up to the diagnosis, "I noticed it on a Friday, and we decided to take him to the doctor first thing on Monday. The weekend was filled with panic, endless online searches, and imagining the worst – it was a terrifying experience. The doctor referred us to the local hospital a couple of days later, which was another unsettling time of uncertainty. We had read that there could be other reasons for the obscured red reflex in his eye, so we clung to the hope of a different diagnosis." The family had an appointment at Birmingham Women and Children's Hospital in December 2024. Shane reflected on receiving the devastating news, "I don't think anything can truly prepare you to hear that your one-year-old has cancer, might lose his eye, or might never see out of it again – it was an incredibly emotional time. We immediately called our parents and used WhatsApp groups to inform the rest of the family. They had already suspected retinoblastoma after our initial hospital visit, so this was confirmation. We used the information provided at the hospital to reassure them and explain the treatment plan. The doctor discussed various chemotherapy options and also offered genetic testing, which we opted for, considering Kooper has an older brother and for Kooper's future and potential children." Treatment for Retinoblastoma and Side Effects Kooper has started receiving chemotherapy as the primary treatment for his retinoblastoma. His father, Shane, explained that the treatment plan has involved multiple approaches so far, including delivering chemotherapy drugs directly into an artery, using laser therapy, and administering chemotherapy via injections. The effectiveness of these different methods has varied. A recent medical examination indicated that the main tumor in Kooper's eye had reduced in size. However, the doctors also noted the growth of smaller clusters of cancerous cells, known as spores, within his eye. Because of this, there's hope that the most recent treatment, the chemotherapy injection, will be successful in addressing this new development. Shane also described a difficult side effect that Kooper experiences after each treatment session. For several days following his chemotherapy, when he is on steroid medication, Kooper becomes very distressed. This period of discomfort makes it impossible for his parents to send him to nursery, which is challenging as they both work. Despite these difficulties, Shane mentioned that Kooper surprisingly seems to enjoy his visits to the hospital. What is Retinoblastoma? According to The National Eye Institute retinoblastoma is a rare form of cancer that forms in the retina, it can cause blindness as well as can be life threatening. However, early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent vision loss as well as from spreading cancer The most common thing parents notice with this eye cancer is that the black circle in the middle of their child's eye looks white when light shines on it. Often, this shows up in flash photos. The National Eye Institute explains that other symptoms include. Eyes that look crossed or one eye that wanders.An eye that looks sore, puffy, or red.Eyes that seem watery all the time.Not being able to see very well.Falling down more often.Bumping into things.Having trouble getting around the house.Holding toys and books very close to the face to see them better.

parents spot a strange ‘glow’ in son’s left eye; a googled ‘home test’ confirmed their worst fears

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One of the most common viruses in the world, Epstein-Barr virus, or <span>EBV</span> is a member of the herpes virus family, also known as herpesvirus 4. Herpes viruses have been with humans for a very, very long time and have gotten good at living in our bodies. Once you get a herpes virus, it stays in your body forever. This means pretty much every adult has at least one type of these nine herpes viruses. 

When you first get a herpes virus, you often don't even know it because you don't feel sick. After this first infection, the virus goes into a quiet stage where it's still there but not causing problems. 

There are eight main types of herpes viruses that we know about. They are everywhere and are very good at living in us without causing too much trouble most of the time. 

<ul><li>Herpes simplex type I (HSV-1).</li><li>Herpes simplex type II (HSV-2).</li><li>Varicella-zoster virus (VZV/HHV-3).</li><li>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV/HHV-4).</li><li>Cytomegalovirus (CMV/HHV-5).</li><li>Herpesvirus type 6 (HBLV/HHV-6).</li><li>Herpesvirus type 7 (HHV-7).</li><li>Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8)</li></ul>

According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention many people get infected with EBV in their lifetime especially in their childhood, however its symptoms are not distinguishable from other mild brief childhood illnesses. 

While most cases of EBV do not cause any serious health issues, some strains of it like the <span>Chronic Epstein-Bar Virus</span> can cause serious health issues in people. A new study published in the BMC Virology Journal explained that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is now being seen as a germ that can cause a serious brain problem called encephalitis. 

<h2>What Is Epstein Bar Virus (EBV)? </h2>

EBV is a highly contagious virus that can pass through bodily fluid contact. It is the cause of one of the most common infections, mononucleosis or mono. Once you get this virus, it stays in your body, inactive and in a dormant state until it becomes reactivated. 

According to the Frontiers in Immunology, Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) disease is a very uncommon problem where people's bodies can't fight off the EBV virus. It keeps getting worse, with a lot of the virus's DNA in their blood and the virus attacking their organs with infected blood cells. 

People with this disease often have fevers, swollen glands, a big spleen, liver problems caused by EBV, or low blood counts. Over time, their body's ability to fight off infections gets weaker. If they don't get treatment, they can die from other infections, a problem where the body attacks its own blood cells, organ failure, or cancers linked to EBV. 

The only treatment that has been proven to work for this disease is a stem cell transplant (a procedure to replace damaged blood cells with healthy ones). Right now, scientists are trying to figure out why this disease happens. They are looking at problems with the body's defense system (immune defects) and changes in people's genes that might be linked to the disease. A new study as also revealed that EBV may also cause us brain damage due to a disease called encephalitis. 

EBV infections do not cause symptoms especially for children, teens and adults are more likely to experience symptoms like fever, feeling tired or fatigued headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes in your neck and arm, enlarged spleen or swollen liver, body aches and skin rash. The symptoms of this usually last for two to four weeks. Things are a bit different with Chronic EBV. In rare cases of EBV, it can lead to a chronic condition called active EBV (CAEVB) some symptoms include, swollen and tender lymph nodes, fever, enlarged liver, fatigue, sore throat, headache, muscle pain joint stiffness, anemia and liver failure. 

 The study looked at all the people who were diagnosed with encephalitis at one hospital from June 2020 to April 2021. The researchers took information from the hospital's computer records. Then they used different math tests to compare the information from people who had EBV-related encephalitis with those who had encephalitis caused by other germs. 

The study included 364 people with encephalitis. In 86 of these people (about 24%), EBV was found in the fluid around their brain and spinal cord (CSF). Out of those 86, 39 people were diagnosed with encephalitis that was definitely caused by EBV. The study found that EBV-related encephalitis is different from encephalitis caused by other herpes viruses. 

People with EBV encephalitis had more protein in their CSF, less sugar in their CSF, and were more likely to have swelling around the brain (meningitis) show up on brain scans (MRI). The study also found that older age, having HIV, having a weakened immune system for reasons other than cancer, and having EBV in their blood made it more likely for EBV to infect their brain and spinal cord. 

EBV encephalitis seems to be different from encephalitis caused by other herpes viruses. It often involves more swelling around the brain, more protein and less sugar in the brain fluid, and fewer of a certain type of immune cell (T-lymphocytes) in the blood. These differences suggest that EBV might cause brain swelling in a unique way compared to other herpes viruses. 

Chronic Epstein-Bar Virus

Common Viral Infection Cause Fatal Brain Damage

Fatal Brain Damage

Symptoms Of Chronic Epstein-Bar Virus

Can Epstein-Bar Virus Cause Brain Damage

One of the most common viruses in the world, Epstein-Barr virus, or EBV is a member of the herpes virus family, also known as herpesvirus 4. Herpes viruses have been with humans for a very, very long time and have gotten good at living in our bodies. Once you get a herpes virus, it stays in your body forever. This means pretty much every adult has at least one type of these nine herpes viruses. When you first get a herpes virus, you often don't even know it because you don't feel sick. After this first infection, the virus goes into a quiet stage where it's still there but not causing problems. There are eight main types of herpes viruses that we know about. They are everywhere and are very good at living in us without causing too much trouble most of the time. Herpes simplex type I (HSV-1).Herpes simplex type II (HSV-2).Varicella-zoster virus (VZV/HHV-3).Epstein-Barr virus (EBV/HHV-4).Cytomegalovirus (CMV/HHV-5).Herpesvirus type 6 (HBLV/HHV-6).Herpesvirus type 7 (HHV-7).Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8)According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention many people get infected with EBV in their lifetime especially in their childhood, however its symptoms are not distinguishable from other mild brief childhood illnesses. While most cases of EBV do not cause any serious health issues, some strains of it like the Chronic Epstein-Bar Virus can cause serious health issues in people. A new study published in the BMC Virology Journal explained that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is now being seen as a germ that can cause a serious brain problem called encephalitis. What Is Epstein Bar Virus (EBV)? EBV is a highly contagious virus that can pass through bodily fluid contact. It is the cause of one of the most common infections, mononucleosis or mono. Once you get this virus, it stays in your body, inactive and in a dormant state until it becomes reactivated. According to the Frontiers in Immunology, Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) disease is a very uncommon problem where people's bodies can't fight off the EBV virus. It keeps getting worse, with a lot of the virus's DNA in their blood and the virus attacking their organs with infected blood cells. People with this disease often have fevers, swollen glands, a big spleen, liver problems caused by EBV, or low blood counts. Over time, their body's ability to fight off infections gets weaker. If they don't get treatment, they can die from other infections, a problem where the body attacks its own blood cells, organ failure, or cancers linked to EBV. The only treatment that has been proven to work for this disease is a stem cell transplant (a procedure to replace damaged blood cells with healthy ones). Right now, scientists are trying to figure out why this disease happens. They are looking at problems with the body's defense system (immune defects) and changes in people's genes that might be linked to the disease. A new study as also revealed that EBV may also cause us brain damage due to a disease called encephalitis. Symptoms Of Epstein-Bar Virus EBV infections do not cause symptoms especially for children, teens and adults are more likely to experience symptoms like fever, feeling tired or fatigued headache, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes in your neck and arm, enlarged spleen or swollen liver, body aches and skin rash. The symptoms of this usually last for two to four weeks. Things are a bit different with Chronic EBV. In rare cases of EBV, it can lead to a chronic condition called active EBV (CAEVB) some symptoms include, swollen and tender lymph nodes, fever, enlarged liver, fatigue, sore throat, headache, muscle pain joint stiffness, anemia and liver failure. Can EBV Cause Brain Damage?  The study looked at all the people who were diagnosed with encephalitis at one hospital from June 2020 to April 2021. The researchers took information from the hospital's computer records. Then they used different math tests to compare the information from people who had EBV-related encephalitis with those who had encephalitis caused by other germs. The study included 364 people with encephalitis. In 86 of these people (about 24%), EBV was found in the fluid around their brain and spinal cord (CSF). Out of those 86, 39 people were diagnosed with encephalitis that was definitely caused by EBV. The study found that EBV-related encephalitis is different from encephalitis caused by other herpes viruses. People with EBV encephalitis had more protein in their CSF, less sugar in their CSF, and were more likely to have swelling around the brain (meningitis) show up on brain scans (MRI). The study also found that older age, having HIV, having a weakened immune system for reasons other than cancer, and having EBV in their blood made it more likely for EBV to infect their brain and spinal cord. EBV encephalitis seems to be different from encephalitis caused by other herpes viruses. It often involves more swelling around the brain, more protein and less sugar in the brain fluid, and fewer of a certain type of immune cell (T-lymphocytes) in the blood. These differences suggest that EBV might cause brain swelling in a unique way compared to other herpes viruses. 

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