Exercise is universally recognized as a cornerstone of physical and mental well-being. It strengthens the heart, enhances brain function, supports metabolism, and plays a key role in managing stress. But when it comes to fertility, especially for couples trying to conceive, there’s a delicate balance. While moderate exercise can significantly improve the chances of conception, overtraining or pushing the body into an energy deficit may do just the opposite.According to recent data, moderate physical activity improves fertility by up to 27% in women and can lead to a 44% increase in total sperm count in men. But, as with most things in health, more isn’t always better.How Moderate Exercise Enhances Fertility?For those trying to conceive, physical activity is a potent ally. “Exercise is not just about being fit—it's a powerful solution for reproductive health,” says Dr. Nishi Singh, IVF specialist. “Moderate, regular exercise can truly be a life-changer for those struggling to conceive.” Here’s how moderate movement helps reproductive function:Hormonal Harmony: Exercise plays a critical role in balancing hormones like estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone—all essential for fertility.Healthy Weight Maintenance: Maintaining a healthy BMI helps reduce obesity-related fertility complications, such as insulin resistance and anovulation.Improved Ovulation & Egg Quality: Enhanced blood flow to the ovaries improves the quality of the eggs and increases the chances of implantation.Boosted Sperm Health: In men, strength training and regular cardio are associated with better sperm concentration and motility.Reduced Stress: Physical activity releases endorphins, lowering stress—a known inhibitor of ovulation and libido.What Counts as “Moderate” Exercise?Moderate activity includes any movement that raises your heart rate, increases your breathing, and warms up your body—without pushing you to exhaustion. Think:Brisk walkingCycling on flat terrainLight joggingSwimmingLow-impact aerobics“You should still be able to talk but not sing,” explains Dr. Singh, outlining how to self-assess moderate intensity. These activities encourage cardiovascular health, balance hormones, and reduce cortisol (the stress hormone), all of which can improve fertility outcomes.When Exercise Becomes Too Much of a Good Thing?While movement is often seen as medicine, excessive exercise—particularly when not paired with proper nutrition—can lead to an energy deficit. This occurs when the body doesn’t receive enough fuel to sustain its essential functions, including reproduction. In women, this imbalance can result in irregular or missed menstrual cycles, disrupted ovulation, lower estrogen levels, and diminished egg quality. For men, overtraining may suppress testosterone production and lead to a reduced sperm count, ultimately affecting fertility potential.“The reproductive system is highly sensitive to energy deficit,” says Dr. Singh. “When the body doesn’t have enough fuel, it prioritizes survival systems like the heart and brain over reproduction.”How Underweight or Overweight Status Affects Fertility?Body weight is another critical aspect linked to fertility. A BMI below 18.5 (underweight) or within the obese range can trigger ovulatory disorders, hormonal imbalance, and menstrual irregularities.Even when ovulation seems regular, issues like insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)—often tied to weight extremes—can hinder conception. Regular moderate exercise supports optimal weight, insulin sensitivity, and thyroid health.List of Fertility-Friendly WorkoutsDr. Singh emphasizes the importance of a balanced fitness plan that supports the body’s reproductive goals:Cardio: Walking, swimming, or light jogging to build endurance and improve circulation.Strength Training: Helps prepare the body for pregnancy by building muscular support for the core and lower body.Mind-Body Workouts: Yoga and Pilates reduce stress, improve flexibility, and support hormonal balance, creating an ideal environment for conception.“If you’re unsure how much exercise is right for you, consult a fertility specialist or trainer familiar with pre-conception fitness,” she advises.Every body is different—and so is every fertility journey. What works for one couple may not be ideal for another. The key lies in listening to your body and monitoring symptoms.Here are some red flags that your exercise regimen may be negatively impacting fertility:Missed or irregular periodsLow libidoConstant fatigue or overtraining injuriesPlateauing or regressing physical performanceIn these cases, cutting back on intensity, increasing caloric intake, or taking rest days may help restore hormonal balance.Exercise can be an incredible fertility booster—when done in moderation. It helps regulate hormones, improves reproductive organ function, boosts egg and sperm health, and reduces stress. However, overdoing it can tip the scales in the wrong direction, potentially delaying conception.As Dr. Singh puts it, “Effective exercise is not about pushing harder—it’s about working smarter. A moderate, sustainable fitness plan not only supports overall wellness but creates the best possible environment for a healthy pregnancy.”If you’re actively trying to conceive, consider syncing your fitness goals with your fertility goals. Whether that means dialing it back or adding gentle movement to your day, the right approach can make all the difference.