A major study published in 2024 in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology has revealed that exercise doesn’t benefit men and women equally. Analyzing data from over 412,000 American adults between the ages of 27 and 61, researchers found that women gain more health benefits than men from the same amount of exercise—especially when it comes to reducing the risk of death from heart disease and other causes.The study drew from two decades of data (1997–2017) collected through the U.S. National Health Interview Survey, linked to the National Death Index to track participant outcomes through 2019.How the Study Was ConductedParticipants were surveyed on how much and what type of physical activity they performed—whether aerobic exercises like running and swimming, or strength training like lifting weights. The survey also collected details about socioeconomic background, existing health conditions, and other lifestyle factors.To keep the data focused on the general population, the study excluded people with serious illnesses like cancer or coronary heart disease at the time of enrollment.Over the study period, almost 40,000 people died, including more than 11,000 from cardiovascular-related causes such as heart attacks or strokes.Women See Greater Gains in Less TimeOne of the most striking findings was the difference in how quickly women saw benefits. Women who did 140 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per week saw the same drop in mortality risk (18%) as men who exercised for 300 minutes—more than double the time.Across all levels of physical activity, women consistently saw greater survival benefits than men. For example:Women who met the minimum aerobic exercise recommendation (150 minutes/week) had up to a 24% lower risk of death from any cause, compared to just 15% for men.In terms of heart health specifically, active women had a 36% lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease, compared to 14% for men.Strength Training Also Favors WomenStrength training showed similar patterns. Women who lifted weights or did muscle-strengthening activities at least twice a week reduced their overall risk of death by 19%, compared to 11% for men. For cardiovascular mortality, the numbers were even more impressive—a 30% reduction in risk for women, versus 11% for men.“What surprised us the most was the size of the reduction in cardiovascular mortality from strength training in women,” said study co-author Dr. Martha Gulati, a preventive cardiologist at Cedars-Sinai.Limitations and TakeawaysThe study has some limitations. Exercise habits were self-reported, which can lead to inaccuracies. It also only tracked leisure-time exercise—not physical activity done during work or chores.Still, the findings echo previous research and could reshape how doctors talk about fitness. While everyone benefits from exercise, women may get more out of every minute, making even small efforts worthwhile.As Dr. Christine Albert, a cardiologist not involved in the study, said: “This should motivate more women to move, knowing that even short bursts of regular exercise can have a big impact on their long-term health.”