Health and Me

Tanya Dutt

India’s First Indigenous Dengue Vaccine Coming Soon; What To Expect?

DengiAll: India’s First Indigenous Dengue Vaccine Nears Completion, Set to Hit Markets by Next Year

Dengue fever has been a public health crisis for decades, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, and India has been one of the worst-hit countries in recent years. With rising cases and fatal outbreaks, the country has required a reliable and inexpensive vaccine to prevent the spread of the disease. That changed with the launch of <span>DengiAll</span>, India's indigenous tetravalent <span>dengue vaccine</span>. After all these years of research, trials, and international collaboration, the vaccine is now in the last stage of testing, and a breakthrough seems at hand.

Developed by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in collaboration with Panacea Biotech, DengiAll will be a game-changer for India's battle against dengue. The vaccine is currently in Phase 3 clinical trials, which are being conducted at 19 sites in 18 states and union territories with more than 10,335 healthy volunteers enrolled so far. The trials have shown promising results, with earlier phases (1 and 2) being successful for the vaccine to combat dengue across various strains.

The significance of the vaccine is not just its possibility in dengue prevention but also that it's an indigenous development, carefully crafted to fulfill India's needs. Balram Bhargava, former Director General of ICMR, who has played a key role in India's fight against COVID-19, ensured that India's first indigenous tetravalent dengue vaccine will be in the market by mid-2026—a landmark moment for India's health sector.

Dengue fever, transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, is one of the most common vector-borne diseases in India, especially prevalent during the monsoon season between May and September. The disease is characterized by fever, severe headache, joint pains, and sudden drop in platelet levels. It can, in severe cases, progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), which will prove fatal without urgent medical treatment. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that the worldwide incidence of dengue has grown eight times greater than two decades ago, thus emerging as a public health issue of major concern.

DengiAll is a <span>tetravalent vaccine</span>, and it has the goal of protecting against all four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4). This is a significant feature since dengue is a multi-serotype disease, and immunity to one serotype will not protect against others. In protecting against all four serotypes, the vaccine provides broad protection, which is extremely important in a country like India, where outbreaks are ever-present and in large part unpredictable.

The vaccine development is based on the TV003/TV005 strain, which was originally developed by the United States' National Institutes of Health (NIH). The strain was licensed to Panacea Biotech, a top Indian pharma company, and was adapted for domestic use. The company has achieved significant milestones in re-developing the vaccine to meet the specific needs of the Indian population, for whom it holds a process patent for development.

<h2>Highest Number of Cases Recorded In India</h2>

Approximately 188,401 cases were identified in 2017, with 325 deaths. Highest number of infections was reported from Tamil Nadu, followed by Kerala, Karnataka, then Punjab and West Bengal. In the 20th century, there was the significant rise in number of infections reported in 2003, 2010, 2012, and 2013, with an exponential increase beginning in 2015 onwards. During this time, repeated dengue outbreaks were reported in states of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka, Gujarat, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, and West Bengal. In 2017, dengue cases were to be the highest in India. 

India, in particular, has experienced frequent outbreaks in West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Delhi, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. The outbreaks have claimed thousands of lives and loaded the healthcare system with a great burden. Over 5 million cases of dengue have been reported to date as of 2023, with the Indian contribution playing a significant role in the surge. Since DengiAll is presently in its final stages of trials, the vaccine is set to reduce significantly the incidence of dengue and its complications in the country.

<h2>Why Dengue Cases Are On A Steady Rise?</h2>

Although India has been battling with dengue for years now, the illness has also been on the rise globally. The WHO states that the number of dengue cases reported globally has grown over twice in the past few years, with a total of 10.6 million cases having been reported thus far in the year 2024 alone. The growth is driven by various factors:

<ul><li>Warm, humid temperatures offer ideal breeding grounds for mosquitoes.</li><li>Overcrowded cities with poor waste management infrastructure facilitate the disease transmission.</li><li>Increased international travel has led to dengue's expansion into non-endemic areas.</li></ul>

There is no cure for dengue known at the moment. It is treated with supportive care—hydration, management of fever, and close attention to platelet levels. If it is severe, hospitalization is required, and there are concerns regarding the burden this causes to the health system, especially in low-resource settings.

The presence of a dengue vaccine like DengiAll would be a welcome preventive. While a vaccine would not replace effective measures for mosquito control, it could be an extra tool in the public health arsenal, significantly reducing the number of severe cases and fatalities.

<h2>When Will Dengue Vaccine Hit the Market?</h2>

So far, DengiAll is in <span>Phase 3 trials</span>, and although it shows a great deal of promise, it should be kept in mind that the final approval phase could take time. If the ongoing trials continue to progress well, it is hoped that the vaccine would become available by mid-2026. This is a rough estimate, though, as it includes successful completion of the clinical trials and regulatory approvals.

<h2>Signs and Symptoms of Dengue Fever</h2>

Symptoms of dengue fever typically appear 4 to 10 days from the time of a bite from an infected mosquito and persist for 3 to 7 days. Asymptomatic cases are most common, but about 1 in 20 individuals will experience severe dengue when the initial symptoms start to resolve. Typical symptoms of dengue fever are:

<ul><li>High fever</li><li>Rash</li><li>Severe pain behind the eyes</li><li>Nausea and vomiting</li><li>Muscle, bone, and joint pain</li></ul>

If you notice any of these symptoms, it is imperative that you receive medical care immediately, particularly if the symptoms are increasing.

<h2>How Does Vaccine Affects Dengue Treatment?</h2>

The DengiAll vaccine, India’s pioneering tetravalent dengue vaccine developed by Panacea Biotec, targets all four dengue serotypes, offering a preventive approach that could revolutionize dengue management. Dr. Divya Gopal, Consultant - Internal Medicine, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai says, "Currently in Phase 3 trials with over 10,000 participants, it may reach markets by mid-2026 if successful. Unlike existing treatments, which focus on symptom management due to the absence of specific antivirals, DengiAll aims to reduce infection rates and disease severity, potentially lowering hospitalization and mortality, particularly during monsoon seasons. By shifting focus to prevention, DengiAll could ease the burden on healthcare systems and complement vector control efforts, significantly altering India’s dengue response strategy."

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Dengue fever has been a public health crisis for decades, especially in tropical and subtropical regions, and India has been one of the worst-hit countries in recent years. With rising cases and fatal outbreaks, the country has required a reliable and inexpensive vaccine to prevent the spread of the disease. That changed with the launch of DengiAll, India's indigenous tetravalent dengue vaccine. After all these years of research, trials, and international collaboration, the vaccine is now in the last stage of testing, and a breakthrough seems at hand.Developed by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in collaboration with Panacea Biotech, DengiAll will be a game-changer for India's battle against dengue. The vaccine is currently in Phase 3 clinical trials, which are being conducted at 19 sites in 18 states and union territories with more than 10,335 healthy volunteers enrolled so far. The trials have shown promising results, with earlier phases (1 and 2) being successful for the vaccine to combat dengue across various strains.The significance of the vaccine is not just its possibility in dengue prevention but also that it's an indigenous development, carefully crafted to fulfill India's needs. Balram Bhargava, former Director General of ICMR, who has played a key role in India's fight against COVID-19, ensured that India's first indigenous tetravalent dengue vaccine will be in the market by mid-2026—a landmark moment for India's health sector.Dengue fever, transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, is one of the most common vector-borne diseases in India, especially prevalent during the monsoon season between May and September. The disease is characterized by fever, severe headache, joint pains, and sudden drop in platelet levels. It can, in severe cases, progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), which will prove fatal without urgent medical treatment. The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that the worldwide incidence of dengue has grown eight times greater than two decades ago, thus emerging as a public health issue of major concern.DengiAll is a tetravalent vaccine, and it has the goal of protecting against all four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4). This is a significant feature since dengue is a multi-serotype disease, and immunity to one serotype will not protect against others. In protecting against all four serotypes, the vaccine provides broad protection, which is extremely important in a country like India, where outbreaks are ever-present and in large part unpredictable.The vaccine development is based on the TV003/TV005 strain, which was originally developed by the United States' National Institutes of Health (NIH). The strain was licensed to Panacea Biotech, a top Indian pharma company, and was adapted for domestic use. The company has achieved significant milestones in re-developing the vaccine to meet the specific needs of the Indian population, for whom it holds a process patent for development.Highest Number of Cases Recorded In IndiaApproximately 188,401 cases were identified in 2017, with 325 deaths. Highest number of infections was reported from Tamil Nadu, followed by Kerala, Karnataka, then Punjab and West Bengal. In the 20th century, there was the significant rise in number of infections reported in 2003, 2010, 2012, and 2013, with an exponential increase beginning in 2015 onwards. During this time, repeated dengue outbreaks were reported in states of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka, Gujarat, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, and West Bengal. In 2017, dengue cases were to be the highest in India. India, in particular, has experienced frequent outbreaks in West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar, Delhi, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. The outbreaks have claimed thousands of lives and loaded the healthcare system with a great burden. Over 5 million cases of dengue have been reported to date as of 2023, with the Indian contribution playing a significant role in the surge. Since DengiAll is presently in its final stages of trials, the vaccine is set to reduce significantly the incidence of dengue and its complications in the country.Why Dengue Cases Are On A Steady Rise?Although India has been battling with dengue for years now, the illness has also been on the rise globally. The WHO states that the number of dengue cases reported globally has grown over twice in the past few years, with a total of 10.6 million cases having been reported thus far in the year 2024 alone. The growth is driven by various factors:Warm, humid temperatures offer ideal breeding grounds for mosquitoes.Overcrowded cities with poor waste management infrastructure facilitate the disease transmission.Increased international travel has led to dengue's expansion into non-endemic areas.There is no cure for dengue known at the moment. It is treated with supportive care—hydration, management of fever, and close attention to platelet levels. If it is severe, hospitalization is required, and there are concerns regarding the burden this causes to the health system, especially in low-resource settings.The presence of a dengue vaccine like DengiAll would be a welcome preventive. While a vaccine would not replace effective measures for mosquito control, it could be an extra tool in the public health arsenal, significantly reducing the number of severe cases and fatalities.When Will Dengue Vaccine Hit the Market?So far, DengiAll is in Phase 3 trials, and although it shows a great deal of promise, it should be kept in mind that the final approval phase could take time. If the ongoing trials continue to progress well, it is hoped that the vaccine would become available by mid-2026. This is a rough estimate, though, as it includes successful completion of the clinical trials and regulatory approvals.Signs and Symptoms of Dengue FeverSymptoms of dengue fever typically appear 4 to 10 days from the time of a bite from an infected mosquito and persist for 3 to 7 days. Asymptomatic cases are most common, but about 1 in 20 individuals will experience severe dengue when the initial symptoms start to resolve. Typical symptoms of dengue fever are:High feverRashSevere pain behind the eyesNausea and vomitingMuscle, bone, and joint painIf you notice any of these symptoms, it is imperative that you receive medical care immediately, particularly if the symptoms are increasing.How Does Vaccine Affects Dengue Treatment?The DengiAll vaccine, India’s pioneering tetravalent dengue vaccine developed by Panacea Biotec, targets all four dengue serotypes, offering a preventive approach that could revolutionize dengue management. Dr. Divya Gopal, Consultant - Internal Medicine, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai says, "Currently in Phase 3 trials with over 10,000 participants, it may reach markets by mid-2026 if successful. Unlike existing treatments, which focus on symptom management due to the absence of specific antivirals, DengiAll aims to reduce infection rates and disease severity, potentially lowering hospitalization and mortality, particularly during monsoon seasons. By shifting focus to prevention, DengiAll could ease the burden on healthcare systems and complement vector control efforts, significantly altering India’s dengue response strategy."

dengiall: india’s first indigenous dengue vaccine nears completion, set to hit markets by next year

Ishita Roy

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A 2022 study published in journal <em>Frontiers in Medicine</em> notes that there are about 10 to 23% of adults worldwide who suffer from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Another 2021 study that delves into the epidemiology of IBS and other bowel disorders of gut-brain interaction accounts for the global distribution of IBS by country in 26 countries that showed a high rate of consistency in prevalence rates. Among them was also the United States. Reflecting on the same data, a latest study published in the journal <em>Neurogastroenterology &amp; Motility</em> notes that rates of IBS have nearly doubled among the US adults. It rose from 6% in May 2020 to about 11% in May 2022. 

In the news release, the lead researcher Dr Christopher Almario, a gastroenterologist at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles said, "Rates of digestive issues such as irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation rose significantly."

“These findings underscore the significant toll the pandemic has taken on digestive health,” Almario added.

<h4>What Does The <span rel="noindex">COVID-19</span> Pandemic Have To Do With IBS?</h4>

“These disorders involve chronic gastrointestinal symptoms that are often triggered or worsened by psychological stress,” Almario said.

It is no news that mental stress in fact increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. A report by the World Health Organization (WHO) indicated a 25% rise in the global prevalence of anxiety and depression in the first year of the pandemic. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) also notes that the pandemic's impact extended to vulnerable populations like adolescents, with increased suicidal ideation linked to infection fears. 

Researchers also suggest that the rise in <span>gut health</span> disorders during the pandemic may be linked to both the impact of COVID-19 on the digestive system and the psychological stress caused by social distancing, isolation, and fear of infection.

Another study published in May 2020 in the <em>United European Gastroenterology Journal </em>noted that digestive diseases were amongst the most prevalent health conditions in Europe, as the study's area was focused in that very continent. The study noted: "OVID-19 has various implications on digestive health, as digestive symptoms such as nausea, diarrhoea and cramps occur in COVID-19 positive patients, in some cases, prior to respiratory symptoms. Moreover, people with chronic digestive conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), digestive cancers, liver diseases or immunosuppressed liver transplanted patients, could be particularly vulnerable."

The study also noted that COVID-19 has demonstrated notable effects on digestive health. Studies indicate that the virus can impact the gastrointestinal tract and liver, with symptoms such as nausea, diarrhoea, and abdominal cramps. Elevated liver enzymes have been reported in up to 30% of patients.

Viral RNA has been detected in stool samples from 48.1% of patients, including those who tested negative via respiratory swabs. Digestive symptoms were present in 17.6% of cases, with incidence ranging between 5% and 50%. In some patients, gastrointestinal symptoms appeared before respiratory signs and were associated with more severe outcomes. Detection of the virus in stool suggests possible fecal-oral transmission, even from asymptomatic individuals.

Another 2021 study published in the journal <em>Medicine Pharmacy Reports </em>noted, "SARS-CoV-2 can affect major organs including the digestive system." The study reviewed other studies which have been conducted in UK, Wuhan, Hong-Kong, and America and have confirmed that while most common symptoms are fever, cough, and shortness of breath, other symptoms were also nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. 

Researchers analyzed data from over 160,000 U.S. adults who took part in a national online survey conducted between May 2020 and May 2022. The survey collected information on digestive symptoms, mental health status, and lifestyle changes during the pandemic period.

Among participants diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the most commonly reported subtype was mixed IBS, characterized by alternating episodes of both diarrhea and constipation.

“This research calls for a renewed focus on gastrointestinal health in the post-pandemic era,” senior researcher Dr. Brennan Spiegel, director of health services research for Cedars-Sinai, said in a news release.

<h4>What Are The Common Symptoms And Treatments Available For IBS?</h4>

The <em>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</em>, US, notes the following as the symptoms of IBS:

<ul><li>bloating</li><li>the feeling that you haven’t finished a bowel movement</li><li>whitish mucus in your stool</li><li>diarrhea</li><li>constipation</li><li>women on their period will have more symptoms</li></ul>

IBS is typically treated through dietary and lifestyle changes, which are as followed:

<ul><li>eat more fiber</li><li>avoid gluten</li><li>follow a special eating plan called the low FODMAP diet</li><li>increasing your physical activity</li><li>reducing stressful life situations as much as possible</li><li>getting enough sleep</li></ul>

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covid 19 and gut health

covid 19

A 2022 study published in journal Frontiers in Medicine notes that there are about 10 to 23% of adults worldwide who suffer from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Another 2021 study that delves into the epidemiology of IBS and other bowel disorders of gut-brain interaction accounts for the global distribution of IBS by country in 26 countries that showed a high rate of consistency in prevalence rates. Among them was also the United States. Reflecting on the same data, a latest study published in the journal Neurogastroenterology & Motility notes that rates of IBS have nearly doubled among the US adults. It rose from 6% in May 2020 to about 11% in May 2022. In the news release, the lead researcher Dr Christopher Almario, a gastroenterologist at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles said, "Rates of digestive issues such as irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation rose significantly."“These findings underscore the significant toll the pandemic has taken on digestive health,” Almario added.What Does The COVID-19 Pandemic Have To Do With IBS?“These disorders involve chronic gastrointestinal symptoms that are often triggered or worsened by psychological stress,” Almario said.It is no news that mental stress in fact increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. A report by the World Health Organization (WHO) indicated a 25% rise in the global prevalence of anxiety and depression in the first year of the pandemic. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) also notes that the pandemic's impact extended to vulnerable populations like adolescents, with increased suicidal ideation linked to infection fears. Researchers also suggest that the rise in gut health disorders during the pandemic may be linked to both the impact of COVID-19 on the digestive system and the psychological stress caused by social distancing, isolation, and fear of infection.Another study published in May 2020 in the United European Gastroenterology Journal noted that digestive diseases were amongst the most prevalent health conditions in Europe, as the study's area was focused in that very continent. The study noted: "OVID-19 has various implications on digestive health, as digestive symptoms such as nausea, diarrhoea and cramps occur in COVID-19 positive patients, in some cases, prior to respiratory symptoms. Moreover, people with chronic digestive conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), digestive cancers, liver diseases or immunosuppressed liver transplanted patients, could be particularly vulnerable."The study also noted that COVID-19 has demonstrated notable effects on digestive health. Studies indicate that the virus can impact the gastrointestinal tract and liver, with symptoms such as nausea, diarrhoea, and abdominal cramps. Elevated liver enzymes have been reported in up to 30% of patients.Viral RNA has been detected in stool samples from 48.1% of patients, including those who tested negative via respiratory swabs. Digestive symptoms were present in 17.6% of cases, with incidence ranging between 5% and 50%. In some patients, gastrointestinal symptoms appeared before respiratory signs and were associated with more severe outcomes. Detection of the virus in stool suggests possible fecal-oral transmission, even from asymptomatic individuals.Another 2021 study published in the journal Medicine Pharmacy Reports noted, "SARS-CoV-2 can affect major organs including the digestive system." The study reviewed other studies which have been conducted in UK, Wuhan, Hong-Kong, and America and have confirmed that while most common symptoms are fever, cough, and shortness of breath, other symptoms were also nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. How Was The Study Conducted?Researchers analyzed data from over 160,000 U.S. adults who took part in a national online survey conducted between May 2020 and May 2022. The survey collected information on digestive symptoms, mental health status, and lifestyle changes during the pandemic period.Among participants diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the most commonly reported subtype was mixed IBS, characterized by alternating episodes of both diarrhea and constipation.“This research calls for a renewed focus on gastrointestinal health in the post-pandemic era,” senior researcher Dr. Brennan Spiegel, director of health services research for Cedars-Sinai, said in a news release.What Are The Common Symptoms And Treatments Available For IBS?The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US, notes the following as the symptoms of IBS:bloatingthe feeling that you haven’t finished a bowel movementwhitish mucus in your stooldiarrheaconstipationwomen on their period will have more symptomsIBS is typically treated through dietary and lifestyle changes, which are as followed:eat more fiberavoid glutenfollow a special eating plan called the low FODMAP dietincreasing your physical activityreducing stressful life situations as much as possiblegetting enough sleep

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In a comprehensive study spanning more than five decades, researchers have found that overall deaths due to heart disease in the United States have significantly declined since 1970. 

However, the study also points to a concerning rise in mortality from specific non-ischemic heart conditions such as heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, and arrhythmias.

Published online on June 25 in the Journal of the American Heart Association, the research highlights both the gains made in managing ischemic heart disease and the urgent need to address other forms of cardiovascular illness.

<h4>66% Drop in Overall Heart Disease Mortality</h4>

The study, led by Dr. Sara J. King of Stanford University School of Medicine, analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Vital Statistics System. It focused on U.S. adults aged 25 and older, tracking age-adjusted heart disease mortality rates from 1970 through 2022.

The findings are significant: overall heart disease mortality dropped by 66 percent—from 761 deaths per 100,000 people in 1970 to 258 per 100,000 in 2022. This decline is largely attributed to advances in the treatment and prevention of ischemic heart disease, especially acute myocardial infarctions, commonly known as heart attacks.

The proportion of heart disease deaths attributed to ischemic heart disease also declined sharply. In 1970, ischemic conditions accounted for 91 percent of all heart disease deaths. By 2022, that number had dropped to 53 percent.

<h4>Sharp Decline in Heart Attack-Related Deaths</h4>

One of the most notable findings was the 89 percent decline in deaths due to acute myocardial infarction. 

Mortality from all ischemic heart diseases decreased by 81 percent. These improvements have been credited to better public awareness, improved emergency response systems, lifestyle changes, and the development of more effective medications and medical procedures.

“This evolution over the past 50 years reflects incredible successes in the way heart attacks and other types of ischemic heart disease are managed,” said Dr. King in a statement released with the study.

<h4>Rise in Non-Ischemic Heart Conditions</h4>

However, not all trends pointed in a positive direction. The same period saw a significant increase—81 percent—in mortality from non-ischemic forms of heart disease. Most notably, the death rate from arrhythmias rose by 450 percent, while hypertensive heart disease and heart failure saw increases of 106 and 146 percent, respectively.

These figures suggest that while the fight against ischemic heart disease has made great strides, the growing burden of other cardiac conditions may require new strategies and interventions.

“The substantial increase in deaths from other types of heart conditions, including heart failure and arrhythmias, poses emerging challenges the medical community must address,” said Dr. King.

<strong>Note: The authors of the study acknowledged financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry, a standard disclosure in research of this nature.</strong>

heart health

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Ischemic Stroke

non ischemic heart conditions

Heart Attack

In a comprehensive study spanning more than five decades, researchers have found that overall deaths due to heart disease in the United States have significantly declined since 1970. However, the study also points to a concerning rise in mortality from specific non-ischemic heart conditions such as heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, and arrhythmias.Published online on June 25 in the Journal of the American Heart Association, the research highlights both the gains made in managing ischemic heart disease and the urgent need to address other forms of cardiovascular illness.66% Drop in Overall Heart Disease MortalityThe study, led by Dr. Sara J. King of Stanford University School of Medicine, analyzed data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Vital Statistics System. It focused on U.S. adults aged 25 and older, tracking age-adjusted heart disease mortality rates from 1970 through 2022.The findings are significant: overall heart disease mortality dropped by 66 percent—from 761 deaths per 100,000 people in 1970 to 258 per 100,000 in 2022. This decline is largely attributed to advances in the treatment and prevention of ischemic heart disease, especially acute myocardial infarctions, commonly known as heart attacks.The proportion of heart disease deaths attributed to ischemic heart disease also declined sharply. In 1970, ischemic conditions accounted for 91 percent of all heart disease deaths. By 2022, that number had dropped to 53 percent.Sharp Decline in Heart Attack-Related DeathsOne of the most notable findings was the 89 percent decline in deaths due to acute myocardial infarction. Mortality from all ischemic heart diseases decreased by 81 percent. These improvements have been credited to better public awareness, improved emergency response systems, lifestyle changes, and the development of more effective medications and medical procedures.“This evolution over the past 50 years reflects incredible successes in the way heart attacks and other types of ischemic heart disease are managed,” said Dr. King in a statement released with the study.Rise in Non-Ischemic Heart ConditionsHowever, not all trends pointed in a positive direction. The same period saw a significant increase—81 percent—in mortality from non-ischemic forms of heart disease. Most notably, the death rate from arrhythmias rose by 450 percent, while hypertensive heart disease and heart failure saw increases of 106 and 146 percent, respectively.These figures suggest that while the fight against ischemic heart disease has made great strides, the growing burden of other cardiac conditions may require new strategies and interventions.“The substantial increase in deaths from other types of heart conditions, including heart failure and arrhythmias, poses emerging challenges the medical community must address,” said Dr. King.Note: The authors of the study acknowledged financial ties to the pharmaceutical industry, a standard disclosure in research of this nature.

1970 to 2020 notes for a major decline in heart disease deaths in us

Scientists Detect Early Signs of Cancer In Patient Blood Years Before Diagnosis; Will It Prevent Early-Onset Cancers?

Simple Capsule Sponge Test Can Replace Endoscopies And Make Cancer Screening Easier

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The vision of a world where <span>cancer</span> could be detected and treated before it ever causes symptoms—where a simple blood test could reveal the earliest whispers of disease, years before a diagnosis would otherwise be made. It is rapidly moving closer to reality, thanks to pioneering research from U.S. scientists who have demonstrated that blood biomarkers can reveal the presence of cancer more than three years before traditional diagnosis.

Spotting cancer early is one of the most powerful ways to improve survival rates. Tumors caught in their infancy are far more likely to be curable, and treatments can be less aggressive, with fewer side effects. The latest findings, published in Cancer Discovery, suggest that we are on the brink of a new era in cancer screening—one powered by advanced blood tests that can catch cancer in its earliest, most treatable stages.

<h2>How Can Blood Reveal the Unseen Caner?</h2>

The key to this study lies in circulating tumor DNA, or ctDNA—tiny fragments of genetic material that break off from cancerous cells and float through the bloodstream. Though rare and extremely difficult to detect at low concentrations, these fragments can carry tumor-specific mutations that act as red flags for early cancer development.

Led by oncology researcher Yuxuan Wang and a team at Johns Hopkins University, the study analyzed blood samples from 26 individuals who were later diagnosed with cancer within six months. These were compared with blood samples from 26 cancer-free individuals from the same health study cohort.

Using a combination of sophisticated algorithms and a multi-layered validation system, researchers were able to identify ctDNA signatures associated with cancer in eight of the 26 patients—nearly 31% of those who eventually received a diagnosis. Remarkably, blood samples taken more than three years earlier were available for six of those eight individuals, and in four of those cases, tumor DNA was already present—albeit at levels up to 80 times lower than those detected closer to diagnosis.

What makes this research truly remarkable is the ability to detect cancer up to three years before clinical diagnosis. For six of the eight positive cases, the researchers had access to even older blood samples—taken 3.1 to 3.5 years before the cancer was diagnosed. In four of these six cases, the same <span>tumor DNA fragments</span> were already present, albeit at levels up to 80 times lower than those detected by the MCED test closer to diagnosis.

This three-year window could be transformative. “Three years earlier provides time for intervention,” explains Wang. “The tumors are likely to be much less advanced and more likely to be curable.” Early detection means more options for patients, less invasive treatments, and a better chance at long-term survival.

Despite these promising findings, there are limitations that need to be addressed before such testing becomes mainstream. The lower the ctDNA levels, the harder they are to detect reliably. Achieving the necessary sensitivity for detecting such minuscule concentrations remains a significant hurdle.

“This study shows the promise of MCED (multi-cancer early detection) tests in detecting cancers very early, and sets the benchmark sensitivities required for their success,” said Dr. Bert Vogelstein, an oncology researcher at the Ludwig Center at Johns Hopkins.

<h2>How The Test Impact Future Cancer Treatments?</h2>

This research is part of a global movement toward liquid biopsies—blood tests that can detect cancer, monitor its progression, and even guide treatment decisions. Scientists around the world are racing to develop tests that can spot multiple types of cancer from a single blood sample, with some already in clinical trials.

The potential impact is enormous. Early detection could dramatically increase survival rates for many cancers, including those that are often caught late, such as pancreatic, ovarian, and lung cancers. It could also reduce the need for invasive diagnostic procedures and make screening more accessible to people everywhere.

If refined and rolled out at scale, blood-based MCED tests could revolutionize cancer screening programs. Current methods, such as mammograms, colonoscopies, and pap smears, are specific to certain types of cancer and often detect issues only after symptoms emerge. A single blood test capable of catching multiple cancers before they manifest could dramatically improve early intervention strategies.

<h2>Can Early Detection Prevent Early-Onset Cancers?</h2>

Current evidence indicates that early detection and screening can significantly improve cancer survival rates and reduce the need for aggressive treatments, especially for cancers like breast and colorectal cancer when caught early. However, early detection does not prevent the initial development of early-onset cancers—it enables clinicians to identify cancers or pre-cancerous changes at a stage when treatment is more likely to be successful and less invasive.

Researchers say that detecting these cancers before they reach advanced stages could open new doors for targeted prevention strategies, especially for people with a family history of cancer or genetic predispositions. “If early-onset cancers can be caught even before the first symptoms appear, we not only improve survival but also preserve quality of life,” said Dr. Wang.

However, experts caution that while early detection is a critical first step, it must be paired with timely follow-up and interventions tailored to the unique biology of early-onset cancers. Continued research into how these cancers evolve at the genetic and epigenetic levels will be key to refining detection methods and crafting personalized treatment paths.

Prevention strategies—such as lifestyle changes, vaccination, and minimizing risk factors—are essential for reducing the risk of developing cancer in the first place. Early detection, through methods like screening and advanced blood tests, is focused on finding cancer at its most treatable stage, not on preventing its onset. For rapidly growing or aggressive cancers, early detection may still face limitations, as some tumors can develop and spread between screening intervals.

Early detection technologies are powerful tools for improving outcomes and survival but do not prevent early-onset cancers from occurring.

cancer

early cancer detection

ctdna blood test

tumor dna fragments

cancer biomarkers

cancer diagnosis research

johns hopkins cancer study

multi cancer detection

The vision of a world where cancer could be detected and treated before it ever causes symptoms—where a simple blood test could reveal the earliest whispers of disease, years before a diagnosis would otherwise be made. It is rapidly moving closer to reality, thanks to pioneering research from U.S. scientists who have demonstrated that blood biomarkers can reveal the presence of cancer more than three years before traditional diagnosis.Spotting cancer early is one of the most powerful ways to improve survival rates. Tumors caught in their infancy are far more likely to be curable, and treatments can be less aggressive, with fewer side effects. The latest findings, published in Cancer Discovery, suggest that we are on the brink of a new era in cancer screening—one powered by advanced blood tests that can catch cancer in its earliest, most treatable stages.How Can Blood Reveal the Unseen Caner?The key to this study lies in circulating tumor DNA, or ctDNA—tiny fragments of genetic material that break off from cancerous cells and float through the bloodstream. Though rare and extremely difficult to detect at low concentrations, these fragments can carry tumor-specific mutations that act as red flags for early cancer development.Led by oncology researcher Yuxuan Wang and a team at Johns Hopkins University, the study analyzed blood samples from 26 individuals who were later diagnosed with cancer within six months. These were compared with blood samples from 26 cancer-free individuals from the same health study cohort.Using a combination of sophisticated algorithms and a multi-layered validation system, researchers were able to identify ctDNA signatures associated with cancer in eight of the 26 patients—nearly 31% of those who eventually received a diagnosis. Remarkably, blood samples taken more than three years earlier were available for six of those eight individuals, and in four of those cases, tumor DNA was already present—albeit at levels up to 80 times lower than those detected closer to diagnosis.Why Is 3 Year A 'Big' Window?What makes this research truly remarkable is the ability to detect cancer up to three years before clinical diagnosis. For six of the eight positive cases, the researchers had access to even older blood samples—taken 3.1 to 3.5 years before the cancer was diagnosed. In four of these six cases, the same tumor DNA fragments were already present, albeit at levels up to 80 times lower than those detected by the MCED test closer to diagnosis.This three-year window could be transformative. “Three years earlier provides time for intervention,” explains Wang. “The tumors are likely to be much less advanced and more likely to be curable.” Early detection means more options for patients, less invasive treatments, and a better chance at long-term survival.Despite these promising findings, there are limitations that need to be addressed before such testing becomes mainstream. The lower the ctDNA levels, the harder they are to detect reliably. Achieving the necessary sensitivity for detecting such minuscule concentrations remains a significant hurdle.“This study shows the promise of MCED (multi-cancer early detection) tests in detecting cancers very early, and sets the benchmark sensitivities required for their success,” said Dr. Bert Vogelstein, an oncology researcher at the Ludwig Center at Johns Hopkins.How The Test Impact Future Cancer Treatments?This research is part of a global movement toward liquid biopsies—blood tests that can detect cancer, monitor its progression, and even guide treatment decisions. Scientists around the world are racing to develop tests that can spot multiple types of cancer from a single blood sample, with some already in clinical trials.The potential impact is enormous. Early detection could dramatically increase survival rates for many cancers, including those that are often caught late, such as pancreatic, ovarian, and lung cancers. It could also reduce the need for invasive diagnostic procedures and make screening more accessible to people everywhere.If refined and rolled out at scale, blood-based MCED tests could revolutionize cancer screening programs. Current methods, such as mammograms, colonoscopies, and pap smears, are specific to certain types of cancer and often detect issues only after symptoms emerge. A single blood test capable of catching multiple cancers before they manifest could dramatically improve early intervention strategies.Can Early Detection Prevent Early-Onset Cancers?Current evidence indicates that early detection and screening can significantly improve cancer survival rates and reduce the need for aggressive treatments, especially for cancers like breast and colorectal cancer when caught early. However, early detection does not prevent the initial development of early-onset cancers—it enables clinicians to identify cancers or pre-cancerous changes at a stage when treatment is more likely to be successful and less invasive.Researchers say that detecting these cancers before they reach advanced stages could open new doors for targeted prevention strategies, especially for people with a family history of cancer or genetic predispositions. “If early-onset cancers can be caught even before the first symptoms appear, we not only improve survival but also preserve quality of life,” said Dr. Wang.However, experts caution that while early detection is a critical first step, it must be paired with timely follow-up and interventions tailored to the unique biology of early-onset cancers. Continued research into how these cancers evolve at the genetic and epigenetic levels will be key to refining detection methods and crafting personalized treatment paths.Prevention strategies—such as lifestyle changes, vaccination, and minimizing risk factors—are essential for reducing the risk of developing cancer in the first place. Early detection, through methods like screening and advanced blood tests, is focused on finding cancer at its most treatable stage, not on preventing its onset. For rapidly growing or aggressive cancers, early detection may still face limitations, as some tumors can develop and spread between screening intervals.Early detection technologies are powerful tools for improving outcomes and survival but do not prevent early-onset cancers from occurring.

scientists detect early signs of cancer in patient blood years before diagnosis; will it prevent early-onset cancers?

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