Health and Me

Tanya Dutt

India’s Covid Surge Worsens With Active Cases Over 6100 And 6 Deaths Reported

As of June 8, 2025, India is struggling to contain another alarming surge in COVID-19 cases. The active caseload of the country has also breached the 6,100 mark and stood at 6,133 as of then, as per the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. With this increase came six more COVID-19 fatalities, causing waves of fear throughout public health systems and renewing questions over virus resurgence during a post-pandemic world.

Though this is hardly the crisis of the previous waves, infection trajectory and changing viral subvariants indicate a changed dynamic with the virus — no longer one of emergency but one that necessitates sustained vigilance.

At the lead of this fresh wave is Kerala, which reported 144 new cases within the last 24 hours, increasing its active caseload to 1,950 — roughly one-third of the country's total. West Bengal reported 71 new infections, and Delhi had 21, increasing their respective active cases to 693 and 686. Maharashtra, once a hotspot during previous waves, reported 18 new cases, taking its total to 595.

This regional spread points to how the virus, although diluted in public perception, still gets around quietly, usually erupting seasonally in predictable fashion especially in city and densely populated areas.

<h2>Emerging Subvariants and What We Know About Them</h2>

The recent surge of cases is attributed by recent updates from the Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG) and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to several subvariants of the Omicron variant. These are JN.1, LF.7, XFG, and NB.1.8.1 — all classified under the "Variants Under Monitoring" category by the World Health Organization (WHO) up to May 2025.

Although not yet designated as "Variants of Concern" or "Variants of Interest," these subvariants have shown a slightly increased transmissibility. Of concern, symptoms have been predominantly mild, akin to those of the flu or common cold.

The prevalent subvariant, JN.1, covers 53% of infections in the nation today, while LF.7 and NB.1.8.1 are also starting to make their impact felt in states such as Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. Specialists have warned that even though these subvariants will not be a threat at high levels in the immediate future, their capacity for mutation and propagation in huge populations should not be underrated.

Doctors and virologists on all sides concur that COVID-19 is firmly established in its endemic stage within India and the world at large. Just like the flu, it should go around seasonally, along with other respiratory illnesses.

The ICMR observes that India has gained good "hybrid immunity" — a blend of natural infection and vaccine-provided protection — which is providing good defense against severe illness. Dr. Rajiv Bahl, ICMR Director General, emphasized that this rise in cases now does not warrant alarm or large-scale booster vaccination campaigns. Nevertheless, he urged doctors to evaluate patients on a case-by-case basis for booster requirements, particularly with comorbidities or weakened immunity.

In a nutshell, India is not technically in a medical emergency but is adjusting to a new type of long-term relationship with the virus — managing intermittent surges with forethought, not frenzy.

<h2>Are Vaccines Still Relevant in 2025?</h2>

India's vaccination campaign, launched in January 2021, has administered more than 2.2 billion doses so far — predominantly Covishield (AstraZeneca) and Covaxin (Bharat Biotech). Both vaccines provided substantial protection in previous waves and helped to flatten the curve.

Today, public health experts indicate that though the initial vaccines might have waning efficacy against newer subvariants of Omicron, they still provide essential protection against severe disease outcomes and hospitalization.

More recent nasal vaccines for Omicron-specific strains by Bharat Biotech and Indian Immunologicals were launched but experienced low public acceptance. Physicians blame this for both low risk perception and fatigue related to the pandemic. Despite this, vaccine equity and accessibility continue to be critical in preparing for any potential future variants that might gain more immune escape capacity.

<h2>Hospitalizations Are Low, But Public Vigilance Must Be Maintained</h2>

While hospitalization has not experienced a dramatic spike, experts caution that virus underestimation could have far-reaching effects. The virus's reproductive number (R0) is presently low, signaling minimal spread, but it can rapidly become high in the event of a more contagious strain or a decline in public health measures.

Dr. Bahl stressed, "COVID-19 is no longer an occasional phenomenon but a periodic challenge. We must approach it the way we approach seasonal flu — with wise habits and timely interventions."

<h2>Delhi High Court Urges Protocol Review</h2>

Having sensed the gradual but relentless rise, the Delhi High Court recently asked the Central government to submit an exhaustive report on sample collection and transport procedures. The focus is on the need to tighten India's Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in the light of changing viral dynamics.

This is a timely reminder: endemic COVID-19 management demands not only medical preparedness but administrative flexibility, popular awareness, and a robust surveillance system as well.

<h2>Public Health Guidance for Now and the Immediate Future</h2>

The present guidance from public health officials mirrors what the international community has collectively embraced as received wisdom:

<ul><li>Keep practicing proper hand hygiene.</li><li>Use masks in indoor, poorly ventilated, or congested settings.</li><li>Self-isolate and get tested if having cold-like symptoms.</li><li>Stay home and refrain from unnecessary social contacts if ill.</li><li>Heed credible public health guidance and eschew disinformation.</li></ul>

Perhaps most importantly, maintaining a healthy immune system through regular exercise, balanced nutrition, adequate hydration, and mental well-being remains the best long-term defense against not just COVID-19, but a host of lifestyle-related illnesses.

<h2>COVID May Be Endemic, But It’s Not Over</h2>

India's June 2025 peak of more than 6,100 active cases and six reported fatalities might not be its alarum peaks of 2020 and 2021 but signals a key reality: COVID-19 is not going anywhere. As it continues to become a chronic, recurring sickness, public health infrastructure and people must now do their part to remain vigilant, behave responsibly, and maintain the hard-won lessons of the past five years.

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As of June 8, 2025, India is struggling to contain another alarming surge in COVID-19 cases. The active caseload of the country has also breached the 6,100 mark and stood at 6,133 as of then, as per the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. With this increase came six more COVID-19 fatalities, causing waves of fear throughout public health systems and renewing questions over virus resurgence during a post-pandemic world.Though this is hardly the crisis of the previous waves, infection trajectory and changing viral subvariants indicate a changed dynamic with the virus — no longer one of emergency but one that necessitates sustained vigilance.At the lead of this fresh wave is Kerala, which reported 144 new cases within the last 24 hours, increasing its active caseload to 1,950 — roughly one-third of the country's total. West Bengal reported 71 new infections, and Delhi had 21, increasing their respective active cases to 693 and 686. Maharashtra, once a hotspot during previous waves, reported 18 new cases, taking its total to 595.This regional spread points to how the virus, although diluted in public perception, still gets around quietly, usually erupting seasonally in predictable fashion especially in city and densely populated areas.Emerging Subvariants and What We Know About ThemThe recent surge of cases is attributed by recent updates from the Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG) and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to several subvariants of the Omicron variant. These are JN.1, LF.7, XFG, and NB.1.8.1 — all classified under the "Variants Under Monitoring" category by the World Health Organization (WHO) up to May 2025.Although not yet designated as "Variants of Concern" or "Variants of Interest," these subvariants have shown a slightly increased transmissibility. Of concern, symptoms have been predominantly mild, akin to those of the flu or common cold.The prevalent subvariant, JN.1, covers 53% of infections in the nation today, while LF.7 and NB.1.8.1 are also starting to make their impact felt in states such as Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. Specialists have warned that even though these subvariants will not be a threat at high levels in the immediate future, their capacity for mutation and propagation in huge populations should not be underrated.Doctors and virologists on all sides concur that COVID-19 is firmly established in its endemic stage within India and the world at large. Just like the flu, it should go around seasonally, along with other respiratory illnesses.The ICMR observes that India has gained good "hybrid immunity" — a blend of natural infection and vaccine-provided protection — which is providing good defense against severe illness. Dr. Rajiv Bahl, ICMR Director General, emphasized that this rise in cases now does not warrant alarm or large-scale booster vaccination campaigns. Nevertheless, he urged doctors to evaluate patients on a case-by-case basis for booster requirements, particularly with comorbidities or weakened immunity.In a nutshell, India is not technically in a medical emergency but is adjusting to a new type of long-term relationship with the virus — managing intermittent surges with forethought, not frenzy.Are Vaccines Still Relevant in 2025?India's vaccination campaign, launched in January 2021, has administered more than 2.2 billion doses so far — predominantly Covishield (AstraZeneca) and Covaxin (Bharat Biotech). Both vaccines provided substantial protection in previous waves and helped to flatten the curve.Today, public health experts indicate that though the initial vaccines might have waning efficacy against newer subvariants of Omicron, they still provide essential protection against severe disease outcomes and hospitalization.More recent nasal vaccines for Omicron-specific strains by Bharat Biotech and Indian Immunologicals were launched but experienced low public acceptance. Physicians blame this for both low risk perception and fatigue related to the pandemic. Despite this, vaccine equity and accessibility continue to be critical in preparing for any potential future variants that might gain more immune escape capacity.Hospitalizations Are Low, But Public Vigilance Must Be MaintainedWhile hospitalization has not experienced a dramatic spike, experts caution that virus underestimation could have far-reaching effects. The virus's reproductive number (R0) is presently low, signaling minimal spread, but it can rapidly become high in the event of a more contagious strain or a decline in public health measures.Dr. Bahl stressed, "COVID-19 is no longer an occasional phenomenon but a periodic challenge. We must approach it the way we approach seasonal flu — with wise habits and timely interventions."Delhi High Court Urges Protocol ReviewHaving sensed the gradual but relentless rise, the Delhi High Court recently asked the Central government to submit an exhaustive report on sample collection and transport procedures. The focus is on the need to tighten India's Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in the light of changing viral dynamics.This is a timely reminder: endemic COVID-19 management demands not only medical preparedness but administrative flexibility, popular awareness, and a robust surveillance system as well.Public Health Guidance for Now and the Immediate FutureThe present guidance from public health officials mirrors what the international community has collectively embraced as received wisdom:Keep practicing proper hand hygiene.Use masks in indoor, poorly ventilated, or congested settings.Self-isolate and get tested if having cold-like symptoms.Stay home and refrain from unnecessary social contacts if ill.Heed credible public health guidance and eschew disinformation.Perhaps most importantly, maintaining a healthy immune system through regular exercise, balanced nutrition, adequate hydration, and mental well-being remains the best long-term defense against not just COVID-19, but a host of lifestyle-related illnesses.COVID May Be Endemic, But It’s Not OverIndia's June 2025 peak of more than 6,100 active cases and six reported fatalities might not be its alarum peaks of 2020 and 2021 but signals a key reality: COVID-19 is not going anywhere. As it continues to become a chronic, recurring sickness, public health infrastructure and people must now do their part to remain vigilant, behave responsibly, and maintain the hard-won lessons of the past five years.

india’s covid surge worsens with active cases over 6100 and 6 deaths reported

Ishita Roy

Salmonella Outbreak Triggers Massive Egg Recall Across 7 States

Salmonella outbreak in eggs

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Study Finds People Are Missing This Vital Fridge Check That Ensures Their Health

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A Routine Sinus Rinse With Tap Water Led To Woman's Death After Brain-Eating Amoeba Infection

a routine sinus rinse with tap water led to woman's death after brain-eating amoeba infection

A <span>salmonella outbreak</span> linked to a large <span>egg recall</span> has sickened dozens of people across seven U.S. states in the West and Midwest, federal health officials confirmed on Saturday.

<h4>Egg Recall Affects Over a Million Eggs</h4>

The August Egg Company has recalled approximately 1.7 million brown organic and brown cage-free eggs distributed to grocery stores between February and May. The recall was issued due to potential <span>salmonella</span> contamination, as stated in an announcement posted on the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) website on Friday.

<h4>States Impacted and Reported Cases</h4>

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), at least 79 people across seven states have been infected with a strain of salmonella traced back to the recalled eggs. Of these, 21 individuals have been hospitalized. The recall affects the following states: Arizona, California, Illinois, Indiana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Washington, and Wyoming.

Consumers are advised to check the FDA and CDC websites for a full list of affected brands, plant codes, and Julian dates to identify whether the eggs they have purchased are part of the recall.

Salmonella infection can cause a range of symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, stomach cramps, severe vomiting, and dehydration. While most healthy individuals recover within a week without medical intervention, the illness can become more serious in certain groups.

<h4>High-Risk Groups Urged to Take Precaution</h4>

Young children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems are at a higher risk of severe illness and may require hospitalization. Health officials urge anyone experiencing symptoms after consuming eggs to seek medical attention promptly.

Ongoing investigations are being conducted to determine the full scope of the outbreak and ensure contaminated products are removed from shelves.

The Health and Me has previously also <a href="https://www.healthandme.com/nutrition/fda-issues-severe-tomato-recall-warning-in-southern-us-article-151779296" data-type="tilCustomLink">reported </a>on various Salmonella outbreaks happening in the US, including the outbreak caused by tomatoes, which has led to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issue a Class I recall, also considered the highest warning label. 

Class I recall means that there is a reasonable change that using the product could lead to "serious adverse health consequences or death".

Another <a href="https://www.healthandme.com/nutrition/salmonella-outbreak-linked-to-florida-grown-cucumbers-warns-cdc-article-151692950" data-type="tilCustomLink">outbreak </a>was linked to Florida-grown cucumbers about which the CDC has also warned the population. 

Very similar to what is happening now, another Salmonella outbreak was linked with <a href="https://www.healthandme.com/health-news/recent-us-salmonella-outbreak-is-linked-with-backyard-poultry-cdc-article-151569754" data-type="tilCustomLink">backyard poultry</a> and products like eggs, noted the CDC. 

As per the US Food and Drugs Administration (FDA), Salmonella are a group of bacteria that can cause gastrointestinal illness and fever called salmonellosis. It can be spread by food handlers who do not wash their hands and/or the surfaces and tools they use between food preparation steps. It can also happen when people consume uncooked and raw food. Salmonella can also spread from animal to people.

FDA notes that people who have direct contact with certain animals, including poultry and reptiles can spread the bacteria from the animal to food if hand washing hygiene is not practiced.

Pets too could spread the bacteria within the home environment if they eat food contaminated with Salmonella.

salmonella outbreak

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salmonella

A salmonella outbreak linked to a large egg recall has sickened dozens of people across seven U.S. states in the West and Midwest, federal health officials confirmed on Saturday.Egg Recall Affects Over a Million EggsThe August Egg Company has recalled approximately 1.7 million brown organic and brown cage-free eggs distributed to grocery stores between February and May. The recall was issued due to potential salmonella contamination, as stated in an announcement posted on the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) website on Friday.States Impacted and Reported CasesAccording to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), at least 79 people across seven states have been infected with a strain of salmonella traced back to the recalled eggs. Of these, 21 individuals have been hospitalized. The recall affects the following states: Arizona, California, Illinois, Indiana, Nebraska, New Mexico, Nevada, Washington, and Wyoming.Consumers are advised to check the FDA and CDC websites for a full list of affected brands, plant codes, and Julian dates to identify whether the eggs they have purchased are part of the recall.Recognizing Salmonella SymptomsSalmonella infection can cause a range of symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, stomach cramps, severe vomiting, and dehydration. While most healthy individuals recover within a week without medical intervention, the illness can become more serious in certain groups.High-Risk Groups Urged to Take PrecautionYoung children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems are at a higher risk of severe illness and may require hospitalization. Health officials urge anyone experiencing symptoms after consuming eggs to seek medical attention promptly.Ongoing investigations are being conducted to determine the full scope of the outbreak and ensure contaminated products are removed from shelves.Previous OutbreaksThe Health and Me has previously also reported on various Salmonella outbreaks happening in the US, including the outbreak caused by tomatoes, which has led to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issue a Class I recall, also considered the highest warning label. Class I recall means that there is a reasonable change that using the product could lead to "serious adverse health consequences or death".Another outbreak was linked to Florida-grown cucumbers about which the CDC has also warned the population. Very similar to what is happening now, another Salmonella outbreak was linked with backyard poultry and products like eggs, noted the CDC. What Is Salmonella?As per the US Food and Drugs Administration (FDA), Salmonella are a group of bacteria that can cause gastrointestinal illness and fever called salmonellosis. It can be spread by food handlers who do not wash their hands and/or the surfaces and tools they use between food preparation steps. It can also happen when people consume uncooked and raw food. Salmonella can also spread from animal to people.FDA notes that people who have direct contact with certain animals, including poultry and reptiles can spread the bacteria from the animal to food if hand washing hygiene is not practiced.Pets too could spread the bacteria within the home environment if they eat food contaminated with Salmonella.

salmonella outbreak triggers massive egg recall across 7 states

World Brain Tumor Day 2025: Theme, History, And Significance

World Brain Tumor Day 2025

The Honorary Secret Service Agent US Teen Faces Health Struggles Again

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Efficient mRNA May Reverse And Rid The Body Of HIV- New ‘Medical Miracle’ Treatment Sparks Global Buzz

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Fact Check: Is Taurine Really A Key Driver Of Healthy Ageing?

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Every year, on June 8, <span>World Brain Tumor Day</span> is observed, which highlights the urgent need for research, awareness, and support for those living with the disease. It is also a day that gives us the chance to spread awareness about it, including the symptoms and the causes. 

<h4><span rel="noindex">World Brain Tumor Day 2025</span> Theme:</h4>

Every year, a theme is decided in order to focus on the goals, and this year the theme for <span>World Brain</span> Tumor Day is 'Empowering Lives Though Brain Tumor Awareness'. This focuses more on diagnosis, support, and early assessment of the tumor. This theme also brings back the attention to the need for conversation that must be done around this. 

<h4>History of World Brain Tumor Day</h4>

Deutsche Hirntumorhilfe e.V. (German Brain tumor Association) internationally established World Brain tumor Day on June 8, 2000, to honour and support brain tumor patients and their families globally. The association chose this date because on June 8, 1952, Professor Martin Lewis of University College London diagnosed the first recorded brain tumor case.

<h4>World Brain Tumor Day Significance:</h4>

Along with raising awareness, the day also aims to inform the community about its symptoms, diagnoses and treatment options. It also assists the brain patients and their families, fosters research and progress in brain tumor treatment methods. The day also aims to champion improved healthcare access and support for individuals impacted by brain tumors. 

It also motivates early detection and intervention to enhance patient outcomes. 

Before diving into the concept of a brain tumor, it is important to first understand what a tumor is. A tumor refers to an abnormal lump or mass that forms due to the uncontrolled growth of cells in the body.

tumors are broadly classified into two main categories:

<ul><li>Benign</li><li>Malignant</li></ul>

A benign tumor consists of normal cells that have grown excessively to form a lump. This overgrowth may result from something going wrong in the body, but the cells themselves are not cancerous. On the other hand, a malignant tumor is made up of abnormal cells that grow uncontrollably. These are cancerous cells, and their aggressive nature can lead to serious health issues.

A brain tumor is a condition in which abnormal cells develop within any part of the brain. Similar to tumors elsewhere in the body, brain tumors can also be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The presence of a tumor in the brain can interfere with normal brain function, depending on its size, type, and location.

Our bodies possess a natural healing mechanism that is crucial for survival. This repair system is activated whenever there is damage from injury, radiation from the sun, or harmful chemicals in the environment. However, this process can occasionally go wrong. When it does, small clusters of cancerous cells may begin to form. In most cases, the immune system successfully detects and destroys these abnormal cells before they grow. But in rare instances, these cancerous cells evade immune detection and continue to grow, leading to the formation of tumors or cancers.

Such abnormal growths can occur anywhere in the body. When these growths are located in the brain or spinal cord, they are referred to as Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors.

<h4>Causes of <span rel="noindex">Brain Cancer</span>:</h4>

The exact cause of brain tumors remains unknown. However, several theories and contributing factors have been proposed. Many medical experts believe that prolonged exposure to radiation, such as frequent x-rays or radiation therapy, may increase the risk of developing a brain tumor. Additionally, there is a growing concern about the potential link between long-term use of electronic gadgets—like mobile phones—and an increased risk of various types of cancers, including brain tumors. However, no conclusive scientific evidence has confirmed this link so far.

Research in this area is still ongoing, and scientists continue to investigate the causes and risk factors associated with brain <span>cancer</span> to gain a better understanding and develop more effective treatments.

world brain tumor day 2025

world brain

world brain tumor day

cancer

brain cancer

Every year, on June 8, World Brain Tumor Day is observed, which highlights the urgent need for research, awareness, and support for those living with the disease. It is also a day that gives us the chance to spread awareness about it, including the symptoms and the causes. World Brain Tumor Day 2025 Theme:Every year, a theme is decided in order to focus on the goals, and this year the theme for World Brain Tumor Day is 'Empowering Lives Though Brain Tumor Awareness'. This focuses more on diagnosis, support, and early assessment of the tumor. This theme also brings back the attention to the need for conversation that must be done around this. History of World Brain Tumor DayDeutsche Hirntumorhilfe e.V. (German Brain tumor Association) internationally established World Brain tumor Day on June 8, 2000, to honour and support brain tumor patients and their families globally. The association chose this date because on June 8, 1952, Professor Martin Lewis of University College London diagnosed the first recorded brain tumor case.World Brain Tumor Day Significance:Along with raising awareness, the day also aims to inform the community about its symptoms, diagnoses and treatment options. It also assists the brain patients and their families, fosters research and progress in brain tumor treatment methods. The day also aims to champion improved healthcare access and support for individuals impacted by brain tumors. It also motivates early detection and intervention to enhance patient outcomes. What Is Brain Tumor?Before diving into the concept of a brain tumor, it is important to first understand what a tumor is. A tumor refers to an abnormal lump or mass that forms due to the uncontrolled growth of cells in the body.tumors are broadly classified into two main categories:BenignMalignantA benign tumor consists of normal cells that have grown excessively to form a lump. This overgrowth may result from something going wrong in the body, but the cells themselves are not cancerous. On the other hand, a malignant tumor is made up of abnormal cells that grow uncontrollably. These are cancerous cells, and their aggressive nature can lead to serious health issues.A brain tumor is a condition in which abnormal cells develop within any part of the brain. Similar to tumors elsewhere in the body, brain tumors can also be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). The presence of a tumor in the brain can interfere with normal brain function, depending on its size, type, and location.Our bodies possess a natural healing mechanism that is crucial for survival. This repair system is activated whenever there is damage from injury, radiation from the sun, or harmful chemicals in the environment. However, this process can occasionally go wrong. When it does, small clusters of cancerous cells may begin to form. In most cases, the immune system successfully detects and destroys these abnormal cells before they grow. But in rare instances, these cancerous cells evade immune detection and continue to grow, leading to the formation of tumors or cancers.Such abnormal growths can occur anywhere in the body. When these growths are located in the brain or spinal cord, they are referred to as Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors.Causes of Brain Cancer:The exact cause of brain tumors remains unknown. However, several theories and contributing factors have been proposed. Many medical experts believe that prolonged exposure to radiation, such as frequent x-rays or radiation therapy, may increase the risk of developing a brain tumor. Additionally, there is a growing concern about the potential link between long-term use of electronic gadgets—like mobile phones—and an increased risk of various types of cancers, including brain tumors. However, no conclusive scientific evidence has confirmed this link so far.Research in this area is still ongoing, and scientists continue to investigate the causes and risk factors associated with brain cancer to gain a better understanding and develop more effective treatments.

world brain tumor day 2025: theme, history, and significance

AIDS Kills One Person Every One Minute, Says UN

aids kills one person every one minute, says un

Is It The Next Pandemic? New COVID-19 Like Virus From China Raises Global Health Concerns

is it the next pandemic? new covid-19 like virus from china raises global health concerns

In a breakthrough widely hailed as a potential game-changer in the battle against HIV, scientists at Australia's Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity have made a discovery for a new method to expose the virus that lurks inside human cells. The innovative mRNA-based technology has the potential to lead the way to the long-desired cure for HIV—a condition that has infected millions worldwide and remains uncurable in spite of years of advances in medicine.

One of the biggest challenges to curing HIV is the virus's capacity to "hide" within some white blood cells. These viral reservoirs, which remain hidden, enable HIV to escape immune and antiretroviral detection. Despite medication possibly bringing the virus down to undetectable levels in the blood, latent HIV may persist within these cells and re-emerge, making patients a constant risk and requiring a lifetime of treatment.

Conventional therapies are able to suppress HIV replication but not eradicate these reservoirs. A cure has therefore been elusive—until now.

Building on the promise of mRNA technology, which made headlines worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers at the Doherty Institute developed a targeted delivery system based on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver mRNA directly to HIV-infected white blood cells.

Injecting mRNA into these cells was previously impossible since these white blood cells do not easily take up the lipid nanoparticles commonly employed for mRNA delivery. The researchers overcame this obstacle by designing a new lipid nanoparticle—designed as LNP X—and these enigmatic cells readily take it up.

Once inside the cell, the mRNA tells the cells to make signals that effectively "unmask" the virus, rendering the concealed HIV detectable by the immune system and medicines.

Dr. Paula Cevaal, a research fellow at the Doherty Institute and co-first author of the landmark study published in Nature Communications, described the team’s reaction to their initial findings as one of disbelief and excitement. “We were overwhelmed by how much of a night and day difference it was—from not working before, and then all of a sudden it was working. All of us were just sitting gasping like, ‘wow’,” she told The Guardian.

The findings have been reproduced repeatedly in the laboratory with blood cells from HIV-infected donors. Although the research is still at the cellular level, the discovery represents an unprecedented breakthrough in HIV research.

<h2>How mRNA Technology Works For HIV?</h2>

mRNA technology works by providing genetic instructions to cells, which in turn trigger them to make specific proteins. This was successfully employed in COVID-19 vaccines, allowing cells to produce viral proteins that educate the immune system.

In this HIV study, the mRNA causes infected white blood cells to display markers that indicate the presence of the virus. Basically, it "awakens" latent HIV in the cells so that current immune defenses and antiretroviral drugs can detect and eliminate the infection.

This strategy tackles one of the fundamental problems of HIV treatment—the elusiveness of the virus in reservoirs—and may signal a shift in treatment strategies.

<h2>Why is There A Global HIV Burden and the Urgency for a Cure?</h2>

Globally, there are almost 40 million individuals infected with HIV, out of which about 1.2 million reside in the United States alone. The current therapy includes daily antiretroviral therapy (ART) to suppress the virus, avoiding evolution into AIDS and transmission. ART is not a cure and is lifelong, though.

For all the strides that have been made in treatment and prevention, HIV still kills an estimated one person per minute worldwide, UNAIDS data as of 2023 indicate. It also continues to cause new infections, which intensify the need for a final cure.

Additionally, HIV disproportionately impacts vulnerable populations. In the United States, gay and bisexual men contribute to approximately 67% of new infections, a reflection of ongoing disparities and the need for creative solutions.

Though the breakthrough is groundbreaking, it is important to emphasize that this study is in its early stages. The experiments to date have been carried out in the laboratory, in cells from patients but not within the human body.

Before patients can benefit from this potential therapy, the treatment will need to pass through extensive tests in animal models to determine safety and efficacy, followed by strictly controlled human clinical trials. These procedures take years.

Dr. Cevaal warns against premature hope, recognizing that numerous biomedical improvements fail to reach clinical use. But she is optimistic: "In <span>HIV cure</span>, we have never seen anything as good as the way we're doing now, in terms of how well we can uncover this virus."

The new lipid nanoparticle delivery system could be used for conditions such as HIV treatment, but beyond it. According to Dr. Michael Roche, co-senior author of the research from the University of Melbourne, the targeted white blood cells are found in other conditions, such as cancers. This presents potential for mRNA treatments to revolutionize therapy for a range of conditions.

This finding not only demonstrates the strength of advanced biomedical research but also restores hope that an HIV cure, previously considered impossible, is within reach.

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In a breakthrough widely hailed as a potential game-changer in the battle against HIV, scientists at Australia's Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity have made a discovery for a new method to expose the virus that lurks inside human cells. The innovative mRNA-based technology has the potential to lead the way to the long-desired cure for HIV—a condition that has infected millions worldwide and remains uncurable in spite of years of advances in medicine.One of the biggest challenges to curing HIV is the virus's capacity to "hide" within some white blood cells. These viral reservoirs, which remain hidden, enable HIV to escape immune and antiretroviral detection. Despite medication possibly bringing the virus down to undetectable levels in the blood, latent HIV may persist within these cells and re-emerge, making patients a constant risk and requiring a lifetime of treatment.Conventional therapies are able to suppress HIV replication but not eradicate these reservoirs. A cure has therefore been elusive—until now.The mRNA BreakthroughBuilding on the promise of mRNA technology, which made headlines worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers at the Doherty Institute developed a targeted delivery system based on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver mRNA directly to HIV-infected white blood cells.Injecting mRNA into these cells was previously impossible since these white blood cells do not easily take up the lipid nanoparticles commonly employed for mRNA delivery. The researchers overcame this obstacle by designing a new lipid nanoparticle—designed as LNP X—and these enigmatic cells readily take it up.Once inside the cell, the mRNA tells the cells to make signals that effectively "unmask" the virus, rendering the concealed HIV detectable by the immune system and medicines.Dr. Paula Cevaal, a research fellow at the Doherty Institute and co-first author of the landmark study published in Nature Communications, described the team’s reaction to their initial findings as one of disbelief and excitement. “We were overwhelmed by how much of a night and day difference it was—from not working before, and then all of a sudden it was working. All of us were just sitting gasping like, ‘wow’,” she told The Guardian.The findings have been reproduced repeatedly in the laboratory with blood cells from HIV-infected donors. Although the research is still at the cellular level, the discovery represents an unprecedented breakthrough in HIV research.How mRNA Technology Works For HIV?mRNA technology works by providing genetic instructions to cells, which in turn trigger them to make specific proteins. This was successfully employed in COVID-19 vaccines, allowing cells to produce viral proteins that educate the immune system.In this HIV study, the mRNA causes infected white blood cells to display markers that indicate the presence of the virus. Basically, it "awakens" latent HIV in the cells so that current immune defenses and antiretroviral drugs can detect and eliminate the infection.This strategy tackles one of the fundamental problems of HIV treatment—the elusiveness of the virus in reservoirs—and may signal a shift in treatment strategies.Why is There A Global HIV Burden and the Urgency for a Cure?Globally, there are almost 40 million individuals infected with HIV, out of which about 1.2 million reside in the United States alone. The current therapy includes daily antiretroviral therapy (ART) to suppress the virus, avoiding evolution into AIDS and transmission. ART is not a cure and is lifelong, though.For all the strides that have been made in treatment and prevention, HIV still kills an estimated one person per minute worldwide, UNAIDS data as of 2023 indicate. It also continues to cause new infections, which intensify the need for a final cure.Additionally, HIV disproportionately impacts vulnerable populations. In the United States, gay and bisexual men contribute to approximately 67% of new infections, a reflection of ongoing disparities and the need for creative solutions.Though the breakthrough is groundbreaking, it is important to emphasize that this study is in its early stages. The experiments to date have been carried out in the laboratory, in cells from patients but not within the human body.Before patients can benefit from this potential therapy, the treatment will need to pass through extensive tests in animal models to determine safety and efficacy, followed by strictly controlled human clinical trials. These procedures take years.Dr. Cevaal warns against premature hope, recognizing that numerous biomedical improvements fail to reach clinical use. But she is optimistic: "In HIV cure, we have never seen anything as good as the way we're doing now, in terms of how well we can uncover this virus."The new lipid nanoparticle delivery system could be used for conditions such as HIV treatment, but beyond it. According to Dr. Michael Roche, co-senior author of the research from the University of Melbourne, the targeted white blood cells are found in other conditions, such as cancers. This presents potential for mRNA treatments to revolutionize therapy for a range of conditions.This finding not only demonstrates the strength of advanced biomedical research but also restores hope that an HIV cure, previously considered impossible, is within reach.

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