Health and Me

Tanya Dutt

PCOS May Be Passed Down Through ‘Epigenetic Memory’ Even Before You Are Born—Could This Genetic Discovery Help Prevent It?

Scientists may have discovered a critical clue that helps explain why <span>polycystic ovary syndrome</span> (<span>PCOS</span>)—a hormonal condition affecting up to 13% of women of reproductive age—tends to run in families. New research presented at the 41st Annual Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology in Paris suggests that PCOS may be passed down not just through classic genetics, but through what’s known as <span>epigenetic memory</span>.

In simple terms, epigenetics is chemical change that affects how genes are switched on or off without actually changing the DNA sequence itself. These changes can be caused by environment, stress, and diet and more importantly, they can occasionally be passed on. This throws open the gate for a whole new perspective of PCOS as not only a genetic disorder but an epigenetic disorder, possibly heritable from mother to daughter through early cellular processes.

PCOS is characterized by an extensive array of symptoms that can significantly affect quality of life. They encompass irregular or heavy menstrual periods, ovarian cysts, weight gain, acne, hirsutism, thinning hair, and infertility. The disorder also elevates the risk of developing metabolic complications like hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and endometrial cancer.

Despite decades of studies, the underlying cause of PCOS has not been determined. Nonetheless, it is firmly established that the condition usually has an inherited pattern. PCOS is estimated to affect 20% to 40% of patients who have one affected mother or sister, and findings from twin studies—such as the Dutch Twin-Family Study—indicate a very strong genetic basis.

The research, led by Dr. Qianshu Zhu of Chongqing Medical University in China, explored the epigenetic signatures in egg cells and embryos from women who were receiving in vitro fertilization (IVF). Of the 230 women researched, 133 had PCOS while 95 did not.

The scientists tested both unfertilized egg cells and early embryos for epigenetic markers—chemical labels that perch on DNA and control gene expression. What they discovered was dramatic: egg cells and embryos from PCOS women had pervasive disturbances in important genes, especially those related to metabolism and early embryo growth.

Also, they found abnormalities in an epigenetic marker called H3K27me3, which is important for gene expression. These abnormalities were present in the egg cells and were inherited by the embryo—indicating that epigenetic signals might be inheritable, even prior to the onset of implantation.

This indicates that an epigenetic message is being transmitted from mother to embryo prior to implantation even starting," said Dr. Zhu. A woman's gene expression related to PCOS, in other words, might be pre-programmed into the development of the embryo from day one.

<h2>What Is Epigenetic Inheritance Exactly?</h2>

Whereas genetic mutations entail alterations in the DNA sequence itself, epigenetic inheritance refers to the passing on of gene expression patterns from one generation to the next. Such changes are initiated by lifestyle elements, but once they take root, they could be "remembered" by cells—and transmitted to offspring.

If these results hold up to further study, it may be that PCOS is inherited, at least in part, by epigenetic memory, which would explain its familial occurrence even in the absence of identifiable genetic mutations.

Dr. Sydney Chang, a fertility specialist and medical director of CCRM Fertility of Austin, said that the new discovery provides an explanation for why identical twins (who have 100% DNA in common) are much more likely to both develop PCOS compared to fraternal twins. "This indicates that much of the risk of developing PCOS is inherited by genes," she said—but possibly not so-called "traditional" genes.

<h2>Implications for IVF and Reproductive Health</h2>

The possible uses of this work are both thrilling and morally complicated. Dr. Zhu's lab implies IVF technology may eventually involve screening or intervening on the epigenetic level to prevent PCOS—perhaps by fine-tuning the gene expression of embryos prior to implantation—a frontier currently years from use in clinics, but in theory possible.

Also, this study may have an impact on how fertility clinics select embryos and further our knowledge of the direct influence of maternal health on early embryonic development.

But Zhu was quick to caution: these are laboratory-created embryos, not kids. His lab now is carrying out mouse studies to observe how these epigenetic alterations impact real offspring.

<h2>Why Early Detection Of PCOS Is Important for <span rel="noindex">Women Health</span>?</h2>

One of the most exciting implications of this research is that it has the potential to induce early diagnosis and treatment. Eventually, the findings may enable clinicians to identify risk of PCOS earlier in life—even prior to the onset of symptoms.

What is interesting about this research is that it validates a true genetic link among PCOS in families, It sheds light for early diagnosis and preventive interventions to keep PCOS from being passed through families.

In the future, this could translate into lifestyle or medical interventions that alter epigenetic expression before the condition fully develops, opening new doors in both prevention and personalized care.

Although the research provides an important new perspective on PCOS, it also brings as many questions as answers. How do those epigenetic changes cross-talk with environmental influences such as diet, stress, or hormonal exposure? Can they be undone later in life? Are they specific to PCOS, or can they have a role in other hormonal conditions as well?

Dr. Zhu's continued research in animal models will help work through these unknowns, but longitudinal studies and human clinical trials will be essential to translating the laboratory findings into actual practice.

PCOS has long baffled scientists and plagued patients with imprecise diagnoses, capricious symptoms, and too often, delayed treatment. But as new research points toward an epigenetic memory with risk that gets passed across generations, the disease may soon be explained not just as a hormonal imbalance—but as a biological inheritance that contemporary medicine can detect more effectively and one day, conceivably, interrupt.

<h2>Will This Genetic Breakthrough Prevent PCOS?</h2>

Yes, this gene find may open the door to possible prevention, but with significant qualifications. The research unveiled at the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology indicates that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) might be affected not only by genes that are passed down, but by epigenetic memory—chemical modifications to DNA that influence the activation or deactivation of genes. Scientists discovered these epigenetic indicators in the egg cells and early embryos of women with PCOS, suggesting that the risk could be transmitted even before implantation. 

Though that does not mean that we can stop PCOS today, knowledge of these processes provides the hope of targeted intervention during fertility treatments like IVF someday. But these results are early and from lab-produced embryos. Additional studies—particularly in animal models and ultimately in the clinic—will be needed before these findings can be used to prevent PCOS in people. Nevertheless, the research is an encouraging step toward ending the cycle of PCOS from one generation to the next.

Health Conditions A-Z

health

women health

pcos

pcos inheritance

epigenetic memory

polycystic ovary syndrome

ivf and pcos

h3k27me3 marker

genetic pcos risk

embryo gene expression

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Scientists may have discovered a critical clue that helps explain why polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)—a hormonal condition affecting up to 13% of women of reproductive age—tends to run in families. New research presented at the 41st Annual Meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology in Paris suggests that PCOS may be passed down not just through classic genetics, but through what’s known as epigenetic memory.In simple terms, epigenetics is chemical change that affects how genes are switched on or off without actually changing the DNA sequence itself. These changes can be caused by environment, stress, and diet and more importantly, they can occasionally be passed on. This throws open the gate for a whole new perspective of PCOS as not only a genetic disorder but an epigenetic disorder, possibly heritable from mother to daughter through early cellular processes.PCOS is characterized by an extensive array of symptoms that can significantly affect quality of life. They encompass irregular or heavy menstrual periods, ovarian cysts, weight gain, acne, hirsutism, thinning hair, and infertility. The disorder also elevates the risk of developing metabolic complications like hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and endometrial cancer.Despite decades of studies, the underlying cause of PCOS has not been determined. Nonetheless, it is firmly established that the condition usually has an inherited pattern. PCOS is estimated to affect 20% to 40% of patients who have one affected mother or sister, and findings from twin studies—such as the Dutch Twin-Family Study—indicate a very strong genetic basis.The research, led by Dr. Qianshu Zhu of Chongqing Medical University in China, explored the epigenetic signatures in egg cells and embryos from women who were receiving in vitro fertilization (IVF). Of the 230 women researched, 133 had PCOS while 95 did not.The scientists tested both unfertilized egg cells and early embryos for epigenetic markers—chemical labels that perch on DNA and control gene expression. What they discovered was dramatic: egg cells and embryos from PCOS women had pervasive disturbances in important genes, especially those related to metabolism and early embryo growth.Also, they found abnormalities in an epigenetic marker called H3K27me3, which is important for gene expression. These abnormalities were present in the egg cells and were inherited by the embryo—indicating that epigenetic signals might be inheritable, even prior to the onset of implantation.This indicates that an epigenetic message is being transmitted from mother to embryo prior to implantation even starting," said Dr. Zhu. A woman's gene expression related to PCOS, in other words, might be pre-programmed into the development of the embryo from day one.What Is Epigenetic Inheritance Exactly?Whereas genetic mutations entail alterations in the DNA sequence itself, epigenetic inheritance refers to the passing on of gene expression patterns from one generation to the next. Such changes are initiated by lifestyle elements, but once they take root, they could be "remembered" by cells—and transmitted to offspring.If these results hold up to further study, it may be that PCOS is inherited, at least in part, by epigenetic memory, which would explain its familial occurrence even in the absence of identifiable genetic mutations.Dr. Sydney Chang, a fertility specialist and medical director of CCRM Fertility of Austin, said that the new discovery provides an explanation for why identical twins (who have 100% DNA in common) are much more likely to both develop PCOS compared to fraternal twins. "This indicates that much of the risk of developing PCOS is inherited by genes," she said—but possibly not so-called "traditional" genes.Implications for IVF and Reproductive HealthThe possible uses of this work are both thrilling and morally complicated. Dr. Zhu's lab implies IVF technology may eventually involve screening or intervening on the epigenetic level to prevent PCOS—perhaps by fine-tuning the gene expression of embryos prior to implantation—a frontier currently years from use in clinics, but in theory possible.Also, this study may have an impact on how fertility clinics select embryos and further our knowledge of the direct influence of maternal health on early embryonic development.But Zhu was quick to caution: these are laboratory-created embryos, not kids. His lab now is carrying out mouse studies to observe how these epigenetic alterations impact real offspring.Why Early Detection Of PCOS Is Important for Women Health?One of the most exciting implications of this research is that it has the potential to induce early diagnosis and treatment. Eventually, the findings may enable clinicians to identify risk of PCOS earlier in life—even prior to the onset of symptoms.What is interesting about this research is that it validates a true genetic link among PCOS in families, It sheds light for early diagnosis and preventive interventions to keep PCOS from being passed through families.In the future, this could translate into lifestyle or medical interventions that alter epigenetic expression before the condition fully develops, opening new doors in both prevention and personalized care.Although the research provides an important new perspective on PCOS, it also brings as many questions as answers. How do those epigenetic changes cross-talk with environmental influences such as diet, stress, or hormonal exposure? Can they be undone later in life? Are they specific to PCOS, or can they have a role in other hormonal conditions as well?Dr. Zhu's continued research in animal models will help work through these unknowns, but longitudinal studies and human clinical trials will be essential to translating the laboratory findings into actual practice.PCOS has long baffled scientists and plagued patients with imprecise diagnoses, capricious symptoms, and too often, delayed treatment. But as new research points toward an epigenetic memory with risk that gets passed across generations, the disease may soon be explained not just as a hormonal imbalance—but as a biological inheritance that contemporary medicine can detect more effectively and one day, conceivably, interrupt.Will This Genetic Breakthrough Prevent PCOS?Yes, this gene find may open the door to possible prevention, but with significant qualifications. The research unveiled at the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology indicates that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) might be affected not only by genes that are passed down, but by epigenetic memory—chemical modifications to DNA that influence the activation or deactivation of genes. Scientists discovered these epigenetic indicators in the egg cells and early embryos of women with PCOS, suggesting that the risk could be transmitted even before implantation. Though that does not mean that we can stop PCOS today, knowledge of these processes provides the hope of targeted intervention during fertility treatments like IVF someday. But these results are early and from lab-produced embryos. Additional studies—particularly in animal models and ultimately in the clinic—will be needed before these findings can be used to prevent PCOS in people. Nevertheless, the research is an encouraging step toward ending the cycle of PCOS from one generation to the next.

pcos may be passed down through ‘epigenetic memory’ even before you are born—could this genetic discovery help prevent it?

Ishita Roy

Panchayat's Asif Khan Suffers From A Heart Attack, Shares Updates

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Asif's Instagram Stories

Actor <span>Aasif Khan</span>, known for his performances in Pataal Lok and Panchayat, recently suffered a <span>heart attack</span> and was admitted to Kokilaben Hospital in Mumbai. The incident occurred two days ago, sending a wave of concern among his fans and industry peers. Fortunately, his condition is now stable.

According to hospital sources, Aasif is recovering well and is likely to be discharged in a couple of days.

The actor took to his Instagram stories to share an update, along with a photo from his hospital bed. In a deeply reflective note, he wrote:

“Life is short, don’t take one day for granted. Everything can change in a moment. Be grateful for all you have and all that you are… Life is a gift and we are blessed.”

In a brief statement to <em>India Today</em>, Aasif confirmed he had been dealing with a health issue that required hospitalization.

“I’m grateful to share that I’m now on the road to recovery and feeling much better,” he said. “I truly appreciate all the love, concern, and well-wishes. Your support means the world to me. I’ll be back very soon.”

His update comes as a reminder of how sudden and serious heart-related conditions can be—even among young and seemingly healthy individuals.

A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, usually by a clot, causing damage to the heart muscle. It’s often linked to lifestyle factors like high cholesterol, smoking, stress, and lack of exercise—but can also strike unexpectedly.

While heart attacks are more common in those over 50, studies show a rising number of younger adults are now at risk. According to a 2019 study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, one in five heart attack patients in the U.S. was under the age of 40.

In India, the numbers are more alarming. The Indian Heart Association notes that 50% of all heart attacks in Indian men occur under the age of 50, and 25% occur under the age of 40. Factors like sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and high stress contribute significantly.

Aasif’s case highlights the importance of recognizing the early symptoms of a heart attack, which can include:

<ul><li>Chest pain or tightness</li><li>Pain in the left arm, jaw, or upper back</li><li>Shortness of breath</li><li>Cold sweat or nausea</li><li>Unusual fatigue or lightheadedness</li></ul>

If any of these symptoms occur, immediate medical attention is essential. Early intervention can save lives.

For now, Aasif Khan’s fans and colleagues continue to send him strength and support. And as he put it, he’ll be “back very soon”—with renewed gratitude and, hopefully, greater awareness for all.

aasif khan

aasif khan actor

health news

health news india

aasif khan heart attack

heart attack

heart health

Actor Aasif Khan, known for his performances in Pataal Lok and Panchayat, recently suffered a heart attack and was admitted to Kokilaben Hospital in Mumbai. The incident occurred two days ago, sending a wave of concern among his fans and industry peers. Fortunately, his condition is now stable.According to hospital sources, Aasif is recovering well and is likely to be discharged in a couple of days.The actor took to his Instagram stories to share an update, along with a photo from his hospital bed. In a deeply reflective note, he wrote:“Life is short, don’t take one day for granted. Everything can change in a moment. Be grateful for all you have and all that you are… Life is a gift and we are blessed.”Recovering From AttackIn a brief statement to India Today, Aasif confirmed he had been dealing with a health issue that required hospitalization.“I’m grateful to share that I’m now on the road to recovery and feeling much better,” he said. “I truly appreciate all the love, concern, and well-wishes. Your support means the world to me. I’ll be back very soon.”His update comes as a reminder of how sudden and serious heart-related conditions can be—even among young and seemingly healthy individuals.How Do Heart Attacks Happen?A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, usually by a clot, causing damage to the heart muscle. It’s often linked to lifestyle factors like high cholesterol, smoking, stress, and lack of exercise—but can also strike unexpectedly.While heart attacks are more common in those over 50, studies show a rising number of younger adults are now at risk. According to a 2019 study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, one in five heart attack patients in the U.S. was under the age of 40.In India, the numbers are more alarming. The Indian Heart Association notes that 50% of all heart attacks in Indian men occur under the age of 50, and 25% occur under the age of 40. Factors like sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy diets, and high stress contribute significantly.Signs to Watch ForAasif’s case highlights the importance of recognizing the early symptoms of a heart attack, which can include:Chest pain or tightnessPain in the left arm, jaw, or upper backShortness of breathCold sweat or nauseaUnusual fatigue or lightheadednessIf any of these symptoms occur, immediate medical attention is essential. Early intervention can save lives.For now, Aasif Khan’s fans and colleagues continue to send him strength and support. And as he put it, he’ll be “back very soon”—with renewed gratitude and, hopefully, greater awareness for all.

panchayat's asif khan suffers from a heart attack, shares updates

Air Pollution Is Doing More Than Clogging Your Lungs, It Is Now Linked To Brain Tumour

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When most people think of <span>air pollution</span>, the first images that come to mind are smog-choked skylines and coughing fits on high-traffic days. We already know dirty air puts our lungs and heart at risk but here’s the thing: science is beginning to unravel just how deep air pollution’s impact might go—and the brain is increasingly in the crosshairs.

Recent research from institutions across the globe suggests that long-term exposure to certain air pollutants may increase the risk of developing brain tumors and possibly even triggering cerebral aneurysms. While definitive cause-and-effect has yet to be established, the evidence is mounting—and it’s enough to raise serious public health concerns.

For decades, the dominant narrative around air pollution has focused on respiratory and cardiovascular damage. However, scientists are now turning their attention to neurological effects, especially as ultrafine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide—both prevalent in vehicle emissions—are small enough to breach the blood-brain barrier.

A study published in Neurology by researchers from the Danish Cancer Institute found a potential link between long-term exposure to air pollution and increased risk of meningioma, a generally noncancerous brain tumor. While the study stopped short of proving causation, it tracked over 16,000 individuals for 21 years, revealing a noticeable pattern: people exposed to high levels of ultrafine particles had a significantly higher likelihood of developing these tumors.

“Our study suggests that long-term exposure to air pollution from traffic and other sources may play a role in the development of meningioma and adds to the growing body of evidence that air pollution can affect the brain, not just the heart and lungs,” said Ulla Hvidtfeldt, lead author and doctoral student at the Danish Cancer Institute in Copenhagen.

<h2>Can Air Pollution Cause Brain Aneurysms?</h2>

While meningiomas are often treatable and non-aggressive, other pollution-linked brain conditions are far more dire. One of the most devastating is aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH)—a rare type of bleeding within the brain that can lead to paralysis, coma, or even death.

Neurosurgeon Dr. Robert Rennert and his team at the University of Utah conducted a five-year retrospective study on patients treated for aSAH. Their focus? To explore whether exposure to PM2.5 particulate pollution could be a trigger.

What they found surprised them. Patients were more likely to suffer a brain hemorrhage three to six months after spikes in pollution levels—not in the days immediately following exposure.

“The delay between pollution peaks and aneurysmal rupture makes it tricky to study, but the implications are serious,” said Rennert. “aSAH has a high mortality rate, and identifying environmental risk factors is crucial for public health.”

These findings, recently published in npj Clean Air, are preliminary but highlight the need for continued research into how pollution may silently undermine brain health long before symptoms arise.

<h2>Even "Safe" Levels Aren’t So Safe for Developing Brains</h2>

If adults are at risk, children may be even more vulnerable. A large-scale study from the Keck School of Medicine of USC, supported by the National Institutes of Health and the EPA, found that even air pollution levels considered “safe” by current EPA standards were linked to changes in children’s brain function and connectivity.

Using MRI scans from over 9,000 participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, researchers mapped air quality data—including PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone—at each child’s home. Children exposed to higher pollution levels showed deviations in the connectivity of key brain networks involved in emotion, memory, and learning.

“These changes might seem small, but a deviation in any direction from normal brain development—whether too much or too little connectivity—can be harmful down the line,” explained Devyn L. Cotter, lead author and doctoral candidate in neuroscience at USC.

<h2>Why You Should Be Rethinking Air Quality Standards?</h2>

Given the growing body of research pointing to neurological harm from pollutants, scientists and public health advocates are now urging regulators to revisit and tighten existing air quality thresholds.

In early 2024, the EPA proposed stronger standards for PM2.5. However, limits for nitrogen dioxide have not changed since 1971—despite its link to inflammation, asthma, and now, possibly brain dysfunction.

“On average, air pollution levels are fairly low in the U.S., but we’re still seeing significant effects on the brain,” Cotter said. “That’s something policymakers need to consider when updating regulations.”

The American Lung Association’s 2024 list of the most polluted U.S. cities ranked Salt Lake City-Provo-Orem 25th for short-term PM2.5 levels—a concern for residents, especially during winter inversion events.

This isn’t just a scientific curiosity. Understanding how air pollution affects the brain changes how we think about environmental exposure, urban design, and even healthcare planning.

Unlike respiratory conditions that are often treated symptomatically, the neurological damage from pollution can be insidious—taking years to manifest and, in some cases, irreversible. From increasing the risk of aneurysmal rupture to altering a child’s cognitive development, the stakes are high.

Dr. Rennert says the goal of his team’s ongoing research is to provide actionable data that can guide both individual choices and policy decisions. “We’re hoping our findings can push people and governments toward change—stricter pollution quotas, better urban planning, and increased public transit use,” he said.

<h2>Is There Anything You Can Do To Prevent This?</h2>

While systemic change requires regulation and infrastructure shifts, individuals can still take steps to reduce their exposure:

<ul><li>Check your local air quality index (AQI) and limit outdoor activity during high pollution days</li><li>Use high-quality air purifiers indoors, especially in cities or high-traffic areas</li><li>Advocate for cleaner transit systems and emissions standards in your community</li></ul>

Air pollution is no longer just a lung issue. As we begin to understand its creeping impact on our brains—from subtle cognitive changes in children to deadly aneurysms in adults—it becomes clear that clean air is a non-negotiable part of public health.

air pollution

air pollution brain damage

pm2 5 brain health

air pollution aneurysm risk

meningioma air pollution link

brain tumor air pollution

children brain development pollution

neurological effects of air pollution

When most people think of air pollution, the first images that come to mind are smog-choked skylines and coughing fits on high-traffic days. We already know dirty air puts our lungs and heart at risk but here’s the thing: science is beginning to unravel just how deep air pollution’s impact might go—and the brain is increasingly in the crosshairs.Recent research from institutions across the globe suggests that long-term exposure to certain air pollutants may increase the risk of developing brain tumors and possibly even triggering cerebral aneurysms. While definitive cause-and-effect has yet to be established, the evidence is mounting—and it’s enough to raise serious public health concerns.For decades, the dominant narrative around air pollution has focused on respiratory and cardiovascular damage. However, scientists are now turning their attention to neurological effects, especially as ultrafine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide—both prevalent in vehicle emissions—are small enough to breach the blood-brain barrier.A study published in Neurology by researchers from the Danish Cancer Institute found a potential link between long-term exposure to air pollution and increased risk of meningioma, a generally noncancerous brain tumor. While the study stopped short of proving causation, it tracked over 16,000 individuals for 21 years, revealing a noticeable pattern: people exposed to high levels of ultrafine particles had a significantly higher likelihood of developing these tumors.“Our study suggests that long-term exposure to air pollution from traffic and other sources may play a role in the development of meningioma and adds to the growing body of evidence that air pollution can affect the brain, not just the heart and lungs,” said Ulla Hvidtfeldt, lead author and doctoral student at the Danish Cancer Institute in Copenhagen.Can Air Pollution Cause Brain Aneurysms?While meningiomas are often treatable and non-aggressive, other pollution-linked brain conditions are far more dire. One of the most devastating is aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH)—a rare type of bleeding within the brain that can lead to paralysis, coma, or even death.Neurosurgeon Dr. Robert Rennert and his team at the University of Utah conducted a five-year retrospective study on patients treated for aSAH. Their focus? To explore whether exposure to PM2.5 particulate pollution could be a trigger.What they found surprised them. Patients were more likely to suffer a brain hemorrhage three to six months after spikes in pollution levels—not in the days immediately following exposure.“The delay between pollution peaks and aneurysmal rupture makes it tricky to study, but the implications are serious,” said Rennert. “aSAH has a high mortality rate, and identifying environmental risk factors is crucial for public health.”These findings, recently published in npj Clean Air, are preliminary but highlight the need for continued research into how pollution may silently undermine brain health long before symptoms arise.Even "Safe" Levels Aren’t So Safe for Developing BrainsIf adults are at risk, children may be even more vulnerable. A large-scale study from the Keck School of Medicine of USC, supported by the National Institutes of Health and the EPA, found that even air pollution levels considered “safe” by current EPA standards were linked to changes in children’s brain function and connectivity.Using MRI scans from over 9,000 participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, researchers mapped air quality data—including PM2.5, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone—at each child’s home. Children exposed to higher pollution levels showed deviations in the connectivity of key brain networks involved in emotion, memory, and learning.“These changes might seem small, but a deviation in any direction from normal brain development—whether too much or too little connectivity—can be harmful down the line,” explained Devyn L. Cotter, lead author and doctoral candidate in neuroscience at USC.Why You Should Be Rethinking Air Quality Standards?Given the growing body of research pointing to neurological harm from pollutants, scientists and public health advocates are now urging regulators to revisit and tighten existing air quality thresholds.In early 2024, the EPA proposed stronger standards for PM2.5. However, limits for nitrogen dioxide have not changed since 1971—despite its link to inflammation, asthma, and now, possibly brain dysfunction.“On average, air pollution levels are fairly low in the U.S., but we’re still seeing significant effects on the brain,” Cotter said. “That’s something policymakers need to consider when updating regulations.”The American Lung Association’s 2024 list of the most polluted U.S. cities ranked Salt Lake City-Provo-Orem 25th for short-term PM2.5 levels—a concern for residents, especially during winter inversion events.This isn’t just a scientific curiosity. Understanding how air pollution affects the brain changes how we think about environmental exposure, urban design, and even healthcare planning.Unlike respiratory conditions that are often treated symptomatically, the neurological damage from pollution can be insidious—taking years to manifest and, in some cases, irreversible. From increasing the risk of aneurysmal rupture to altering a child’s cognitive development, the stakes are high.Dr. Rennert says the goal of his team’s ongoing research is to provide actionable data that can guide both individual choices and policy decisions. “We’re hoping our findings can push people and governments toward change—stricter pollution quotas, better urban planning, and increased public transit use,” he said.Is There Anything You Can Do To Prevent This?While systemic change requires regulation and infrastructure shifts, individuals can still take steps to reduce their exposure:Check your local air quality index (AQI) and limit outdoor activity during high pollution daysUse high-quality air purifiers indoors, especially in cities or high-traffic areasAdvocate for cleaner transit systems and emissions standards in your communityAir pollution is no longer just a lung issue. As we begin to understand its creeping impact on our brains—from subtle cognitive changes in children to deadly aneurysms in adults—it becomes clear that clean air is a non-negotiable part of public health.

air pollution is doing more than clogging your lungs, it is now linked to brain tumour

Kang Seo-ha, South Korean Actress Dies At 31 After Battling Stage IV Stomach cancer

Kang Seo-ha dies at 31 due to stomach cancer

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South Korean actress <span>Kang</span> Seo-ha, known for her performances in K-dramas like <em>First Love Again</em> and <em>The Flower in Prison</em> passed away at the age of 31 after a long battle with <span>stomach cancer</span>. Her family also confirmed the news on Monday. 

Kang's family took to Instagram, and posted a video along with a long note in remembrance of her.

“I still can’t believe it, unnie. Even while enduring such immense pain, you worried about those around you and about me. Even though you couldn’t eat for months, you insisted on paying for my meals with your own card and never let me skip a meal. My angel, who left us far too soon. Even as you endured everything with painkillers, you said you were grateful that it wasn’t worse, and I felt truly ashamed. My dear sister, you went through so much. I hope you are only happy and free from pain where you are now,” the note read.

A memorial service is also being organized at Seoul St Mary's Hospital and the funeral procession is scheduled at 7.40am on July 16 (KST).

<h2>Kang Seo Ha's <span rel="noindex">Cancer</span></h2>

It was in 2024 that Kang was diagnosed with advanced stomach cancer. As per reports, she had stage IV stomach cancer and underwent treatment, including multiple rounds of chemotherapy, while she continued to fulfill her professional commitments. However, in mid-2025, her health rapidly declined, leading to her death. 

As per the National Cancer Institute, US, cancer stage describes the extent of cancer in the body, which includes the size of the tumor, whether it has spread, and how far has it spread from where it was first formed.

In stage IV stomach cancer, which Kang too was suffering from, the cancer spreads to other body parts, mostly lungs, liver, distant lymph nodes, and the tissue that lines the abdomen wall. 

Stage IV stomach cancer, also known as metastatic stomach cancer, occurs when cancer cells spread from the stomach to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. The new tumors are still made up of stomach cancer cells, not cells from the organs they’ve reached. So, if the cancer spreads to the lungs, it's still considered stomach cancer — not lung cancer — and is referred to as metastatic stomach cancer.

The National Cancer Institute, US, notes that stomach cancer starts in the cells lining the stomach. There are various types of stomach cancers including:

<strong>Adenocarcinoma </strong>of the stomach, which begins in the mucus-producing cells in the innermost lining of the stomach. Nearly all stomach cancers are adenocarcinomas.

<strong>Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma </strong>(GEJ) is a cancer that forms in the area where the esophagus meets the gastric cardia. GEJ may be treated similarly to stomach cancer or esophageal cancer.

<strong>Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors </strong>are cancers that begin in neuroendocrine cells (a type of cell that is like a nerve cell and a hormone-making cell) that line the gastrointestinal tract.

<strong>Gastrointestinal stromal tumors </strong>(GIST) begin in nerve cells that are found in the wall of the stomach and other digestive organs. GIST is a type of soft tissue sarcoma. 

<strong>Primary gastric lymphoma</strong> is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that forms in the stomach. Most primary gastric lymphomas are either mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) gastric lymphoma or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the stomach.

Also Read: <a href="https://www.healthandme.com/health-news/australia-sees-rise-in-meningococcal-disease-what-you-need-to-know-about-symptoms-and-vaccination-article-152280735" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">Australia Sees Rise In Meningococcal Disease: What You Need To Know About Symptoms And Vaccination</a> 

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south korean actress passes away

South Korean actress Kang Seo-ha, known for her performances in K-dramas like First Love Again and The Flower in Prison passed away at the age of 31 after a long battle with stomach cancer. Her family also confirmed the news on Monday. Kang's family took to Instagram, and posted a video along with a long note in remembrance of her.“I still can’t believe it, unnie. Even while enduring such immense pain, you worried about those around you and about me. Even though you couldn’t eat for months, you insisted on paying for my meals with your own card and never let me skip a meal. My angel, who left us far too soon. Even as you endured everything with painkillers, you said you were grateful that it wasn’t worse, and I felt truly ashamed. My dear sister, you went through so much. I hope you are only happy and free from pain where you are now,” the note read.A memorial service is also being organized at Seoul St Mary's Hospital and the funeral procession is scheduled at 7.40am on July 16 (KST).          View this post on Instagram            A post shared by 은 (@feb.eun)]]> Kang Seo Ha's CancerIt was in 2024 that Kang was diagnosed with advanced stomach cancer. As per reports, she had stage IV stomach cancer and underwent treatment, including multiple rounds of chemotherapy, while she continued to fulfill her professional commitments. However, in mid-2025, her health rapidly declined, leading to her death. As per the National Cancer Institute, US, cancer stage describes the extent of cancer in the body, which includes the size of the tumor, whether it has spread, and how far has it spread from where it was first formed.In stage IV stomach cancer, which Kang too was suffering from, the cancer spreads to other body parts, mostly lungs, liver, distant lymph nodes, and the tissue that lines the abdomen wall. Stage IV stomach cancer, also known as metastatic stomach cancer, occurs when cancer cells spread from the stomach to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. The new tumors are still made up of stomach cancer cells, not cells from the organs they’ve reached. So, if the cancer spreads to the lungs, it's still considered stomach cancer — not lung cancer — and is referred to as metastatic stomach cancer.Stomach Cancer And Its TypesThe National Cancer Institute, US, notes that stomach cancer starts in the cells lining the stomach. There are various types of stomach cancers including:Adenocarcinoma of the stomach, which begins in the mucus-producing cells in the innermost lining of the stomach. Nearly all stomach cancers are adenocarcinomas.Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJ) is a cancer that forms in the area where the esophagus meets the gastric cardia. GEJ may be treated similarly to stomach cancer or esophageal cancer.Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors are cancers that begin in neuroendocrine cells (a type of cell that is like a nerve cell and a hormone-making cell) that line the gastrointestinal tract.Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) begin in nerve cells that are found in the wall of the stomach and other digestive organs. GIST is a type of soft tissue sarcoma. Primary gastric lymphoma is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that forms in the stomach. Most primary gastric lymphomas are either mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) gastric lymphoma or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the stomach.Also Read: Australia Sees Rise In Meningococcal Disease: What You Need To Know About Symptoms And Vaccination 

kang seo-ha, south korean actress dies at 31 after battling stage iv stomach cancer

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