Health and Me

Ishita Roy

Airborne Fungi Might Predict Surges In Covid And Flu, Researchers Say

A recent study presented at the American Society for Microbiology's annual meeting (ASM Microbe 2025) in Los Angeles has uncovered a surprising link between airborne fungal spores and short-term spikes in <span>flu</span> and <span>COVID-19</span> cases. The research, conducted by scientists from Lynn University in Florida, suggests that monitoring outdoor levels of fungal spores could provide an early warning system for potential outbreaks.

<h4>Not Just Human Contact: A New Environmental Player</h4>

Traditionally, respiratory illnesses like flu and COVID-19 have been associated mainly with human-to-human transmission. But this new research introduces an environmental twist: airborne fungal spores — microscopic particles released by fungi into the air — may play a significant role in triggering infection surges.

Researchers found that when levels of fungal spores in the outdoor air increased, there was a corresponding rise in COVID-19 and flu infections in the days that followed. What’s more, the relationship was strong enough that statistical and machine learning models could predict these spikes with a high degree of accuracy.

Interestingly, the same predictive relationship did not hold true for pollen, another common airborne particle. This indicates that fungal spores may have a more specific and direct impact on respiratory health than previously assumed.

<h4>Data from the Tropics: What Puerto Rico Revealed</h4>

The research team focused their study on two major health regions in Puerto Rico — San Juan and Caguas — collecting data from 2022 to 2024. They tracked the daily incidence of flu and COVID-19 diagnoses alongside environmental measurements of fungal spores and pollen.

Using both traditional statistical analysis and machine learning models, they examined whether spikes in fungal spore concentrations could predict increases in infections within the same week or the following week — a concept known as a lag effect. The results were striking: in many instances, elevated levels of fungal spores were followed by noticeable jumps in flu and COVID-19 cases.

<h4>A Tool for Better Public Health Planning</h4>

“This research gives us a new lens through which to view respiratory virus outbreaks,” said Felix E. Rivera-Mariani, Associate Professor of Biochemistry at Lynn University and lead researcher on the study. “By monitoring environmental data like fungal spores, we can potentially issue earlier warnings and protect high-risk communities.”

Rivera-Mariani emphasized that this approach could be especially useful in the fall — a season that already sees increased viral transmission — when fungal spore levels are often high due to decaying plant matter and damp conditions.

He added that this discovery highlights a broader message: “Environmental triggers, not just interpersonal contact, may influence how and when people get sick. That insight could help shape future public health responses and inform protective guidelines, particularly in regions with high fungal activity.”

The findings may be especially valuable for protecting vulnerable populations such as the elderly, individuals with asthma, or people with allergic rhinitis. These groups are not only more prone to respiratory infections but may also be more sensitive to environmental irritants like fungal spores.

By incorporating airborne fungal spore monitoring into existing public health surveillance systems, authorities could issue timely alerts and recommendations — including when to wear masks, avoid outdoor exposure, or ramp up testing.

While more research is needed to fully understand the biological mechanism behind this connection, the evidence presented marks a promising step toward using environmental data to predict — and possibly prevent — future outbreaks.

Health Conditions A-Z

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COVID-19

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covid 19

FOMO, JOMO, and Everything in Between: The Social Media–Mental Health Spectrum

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A recent study presented at the American Society for Microbiology's annual meeting (ASM Microbe 2025) in Los Angeles has uncovered a surprising link between airborne fungal spores and short-term spikes in flu and COVID-19 cases. The research, conducted by scientists from Lynn University in Florida, suggests that monitoring outdoor levels of fungal spores could provide an early warning system for potential outbreaks.Not Just Human Contact: A New Environmental PlayerTraditionally, respiratory illnesses like flu and COVID-19 have been associated mainly with human-to-human transmission. But this new research introduces an environmental twist: airborne fungal spores — microscopic particles released by fungi into the air — may play a significant role in triggering infection surges.Researchers found that when levels of fungal spores in the outdoor air increased, there was a corresponding rise in COVID-19 and flu infections in the days that followed. What’s more, the relationship was strong enough that statistical and machine learning models could predict these spikes with a high degree of accuracy.Interestingly, the same predictive relationship did not hold true for pollen, another common airborne particle. This indicates that fungal spores may have a more specific and direct impact on respiratory health than previously assumed.Data from the Tropics: What Puerto Rico RevealedThe research team focused their study on two major health regions in Puerto Rico — San Juan and Caguas — collecting data from 2022 to 2024. They tracked the daily incidence of flu and COVID-19 diagnoses alongside environmental measurements of fungal spores and pollen.Using both traditional statistical analysis and machine learning models, they examined whether spikes in fungal spore concentrations could predict increases in infections within the same week or the following week — a concept known as a lag effect. The results were striking: in many instances, elevated levels of fungal spores were followed by noticeable jumps in flu and COVID-19 cases.A Tool for Better Public Health Planning“This research gives us a new lens through which to view respiratory virus outbreaks,” said Felix E. Rivera-Mariani, Associate Professor of Biochemistry at Lynn University and lead researcher on the study. “By monitoring environmental data like fungal spores, we can potentially issue earlier warnings and protect high-risk communities.”Rivera-Mariani emphasized that this approach could be especially useful in the fall — a season that already sees increased viral transmission — when fungal spore levels are often high due to decaying plant matter and damp conditions.He added that this discovery highlights a broader message: “Environmental triggers, not just interpersonal contact, may influence how and when people get sick. That insight could help shape future public health responses and inform protective guidelines, particularly in regions with high fungal activity.”Who Stands to Benefit?The findings may be especially valuable for protecting vulnerable populations such as the elderly, individuals with asthma, or people with allergic rhinitis. These groups are not only more prone to respiratory infections but may also be more sensitive to environmental irritants like fungal spores.By incorporating airborne fungal spore monitoring into existing public health surveillance systems, authorities could issue timely alerts and recommendations — including when to wear masks, avoid outdoor exposure, or ramp up testing.While more research is needed to fully understand the biological mechanism behind this connection, the evidence presented marks a promising step toward using environmental data to predict — and possibly prevent — future outbreaks.

airborne fungi might predict surges in covid and flu, researchers say

Supriya Ramesh

Credits: Canva

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If your thumb has developed the muscle tone of a professional gamer and your brain twitches when a notification pops up, you are living the full 21st-century <span>social media</span> experience. Somewhere between the fear of missing out (<span>FOMO</span>) and the <span>joy of missing out</span> (<span>JOMO</span>) lies a vast, unpredictable middle ground that can either boost your mood or fry your mental circuits.

Dr Ashish Bansal, MD, Consultant Psychiatrist and co-founder of House of Aesthetics in New Delhi, describes FOMO as living in “a comparative world”. It is that creeping dread when your feed is flooded with friends on exotic beach holidays, colleagues posting about career wins, or acquaintances showing off culinary masterpieces you didn’t even know could exist.

“This is not just envy,” Dr Bansal explains. “There is a hidden belief that our life is useless when compared with others.” The consequences are more than emotional discomfort; research links excessive FOMO to high stress levels, <span>poor sleep</span> quality, and even <span>depression</span>.

Counselling psychologist Reshmithaa Nair from Sparsh Hospital in Bangalore adds that FOMO “can push individuals to overcommit socially, compare achievements, and feel inadequate.” That compulsive checking of notifications? It is not harmless. It chips away at focus and self-esteem like a relentless digital woodpecker.

Then there is JOMO, the Joy of Missing Out, which is less about <span>Netflix</span> marathons in pyjamas and more about a deliberate retreat from the constant online buzz. “JOMO is about setting boundaries,” says Dr Bansal. “Choosing meaningful, offline experiences over endless online engagement.”

It is not an antisocial media rebellion but a conscious decision to protect mental space. Nair points out that people embracing JOMO often experience “reduced stress, improved sleep, and deeper real-life connections”. It is the art of logging off without the guilt, reclaiming your time like a boss, and refusing to measure your worth in likes or retweets.

<h3>The Spectrum: It is Not All or Nothing</h3>

While FOMO and JOMO are catchy polar opposites, most of us live somewhere in between. Social media is not inherently evil, nor is it a magical self-care tool. It can be a place of connection, learning, and inspiration, or a breeding ground for burnout, envy, and loneliness.

“The impact depends heavily on usage patterns, self-awareness, and boundaries,” says Nair. It is not just about whether you are online or offline, but how you engage when you are there. Dr Bansal calls this mindful usage, curating feeds to highlight uplifting content, scheduling screen-free hours, and remembering that what you see online is “only a highlight reel, not the full story”.

<h3>What is Digital Mindfulness?</h3>Digital mindfulness is not about deleting every app and retreating to a cabin in the Himalayas. It is about being intentional. Nair recommends setting clear screen-time limits, pruning your feed to reflect your values, and resisting the urge to scroll aimlessly.

Even small shifts, like swapping passive scrolling for purposeful engagement, can turn social media from a mental drain into a growth tool. “When we engage with intention, it can enhance our well-being. When we use it unconsciously, it can amplify stress and comparison,” she says.

<h3>From Doomscrolling to Delightscrolling</h3>

So what does balance look like in real life?

<ul><li>Checking updates once or twice a day instead of every 10 minutes.</li><li>Following accounts that inspire you rather than inflame your insecurities.</li><li>Logging off when you feel more anxious than entertained.</li></ul>

It is about catching yourself before you spiral into a 3 am YouTube hole titled “Top 100 Cats Who Look Like Famous Politicians”. 

Perhaps the most important reminder is that the best moments often do not make it to <span>Instagram</span>. They happen in the middle of unfiltered laughter, over cups of chai with friends, or while watching the sunset without thinking of hashtags. As Dr Bansal says, “Sometimes the best moments are missed while we are just watching a post.”

Nair leaves us with a gentle nudge: “Almost everything will work again if you unplug it for a few minutes… including you.” That means you, your mind, and your phone have an overheating battery. Whether you thrive in the fast-paced digital current, find serenity in switching off, or navigate somewhere in between, the goal remains the same: keep your <span>mental health</span> at the centre of your online habits.

fomo

jomo

social media

emotional discomfort

poor sleep

depression

joy of missing out

netflix

mental health

instagram

If your thumb has developed the muscle tone of a professional gamer and your brain twitches when a notification pops up, you are living the full 21st-century social media experience. Somewhere between the fear of missing out (FOMO) and the joy of missing out (JOMO) lies a vast, unpredictable middle ground that can either boost your mood or fry your mental circuits.FOMO: Anxiety in a NewsfeedDr Ashish Bansal, MD, Consultant Psychiatrist and co-founder of House of Aesthetics in New Delhi, describes FOMO as living in “a comparative world”. It is that creeping dread when your feed is flooded with friends on exotic beach holidays, colleagues posting about career wins, or acquaintances showing off culinary masterpieces you didn’t even know could exist.“This is not just envy,” Dr Bansal explains. “There is a hidden belief that our life is useless when compared with others.” The consequences are more than emotional discomfort; research links excessive FOMO to high stress levels, poor sleep quality, and even depression.Counselling psychologist Reshmithaa Nair from Sparsh Hospital in Bangalore adds that FOMO “can push individuals to overcommit socially, compare achievements, and feel inadequate.” That compulsive checking of notifications? It is not harmless. It chips away at focus and self-esteem like a relentless digital woodpecker.JOMO: Peace in the Offline LaneThen there is JOMO, the Joy of Missing Out, which is less about Netflix marathons in pyjamas and more about a deliberate retreat from the constant online buzz. “JOMO is about setting boundaries,” says Dr Bansal. “Choosing meaningful, offline experiences over endless online engagement.”It is not an antisocial media rebellion but a conscious decision to protect mental space. Nair points out that people embracing JOMO often experience “reduced stress, improved sleep, and deeper real-life connections”. It is the art of logging off without the guilt, reclaiming your time like a boss, and refusing to measure your worth in likes or retweets.The Spectrum: It is Not All or NothingWhile FOMO and JOMO are catchy polar opposites, most of us live somewhere in between. Social media is not inherently evil, nor is it a magical self-care tool. It can be a place of connection, learning, and inspiration, or a breeding ground for burnout, envy, and loneliness.“The impact depends heavily on usage patterns, self-awareness, and boundaries,” says Nair. It is not just about whether you are online or offline, but how you engage when you are there. Dr Bansal calls this mindful usage, curating feeds to highlight uplifting content, scheduling screen-free hours, and remembering that what you see online is “only a highlight reel, not the full story”.What is Digital Mindfulness?Digital mindfulness is not about deleting every app and retreating to a cabin in the Himalayas. It is about being intentional. Nair recommends setting clear screen-time limits, pruning your feed to reflect your values, and resisting the urge to scroll aimlessly.Even small shifts, like swapping passive scrolling for purposeful engagement, can turn social media from a mental drain into a growth tool. “When we engage with intention, it can enhance our well-being. When we use it unconsciously, it can amplify stress and comparison,” she says.From Doomscrolling to DelightscrollingSo what does balance look like in real life?Checking updates once or twice a day instead of every 10 minutes.Following accounts that inspire you rather than inflame your insecurities.Logging off when you feel more anxious than entertained.It is about catching yourself before you spiral into a 3 am YouTube hole titled “Top 100 Cats Who Look Like Famous Politicians”. Remember the Offline ReelPerhaps the most important reminder is that the best moments often do not make it to Instagram. They happen in the middle of unfiltered laughter, over cups of chai with friends, or while watching the sunset without thinking of hashtags. As Dr Bansal says, “Sometimes the best moments are missed while we are just watching a post.”Nair leaves us with a gentle nudge: “Almost everything will work again if you unplug it for a few minutes… including you.” That means you, your mind, and your phone have an overheating battery. Whether you thrive in the fast-paced digital current, find serenity in switching off, or navigate somewhere in between, the goal remains the same: keep your mental health at the centre of your online habits.

fomo, jomo, and everything in between: the social media–mental health spectrum

Lactic Acid in Goat Milk: The Gentle Skin Smoother That Works — But Is It All Hype?

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Historically, people have been slathering its <span>goat milk</span> goodness on their skin thanks to its rich fats and skin-loving nutrients. <span>Lactic acid</span> is a naturally occurring alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) found in goat milk. It works by breaking the “glue” between dead skin cells, letting them slide off more easily to reveal fresher, smoother skin underneath. 

Dead skin cells can more easily slide off to reveal the smoother, lighter skin underneath when lactic acid breaks down the bonds holding them together. In higher concentrations (like the 5–12% found in targeted skincare products), lactic acid boosts radiance, hydrates, and softens <span>fine lines</span>. In goat milk, however, the concentration is lower, which means it’s milder but slower to deliver visible results.

“As goat milk contains less lactic acid than pure lactic acid, it is weaker but still works,” says Dr. Sooriya. “This reduces the possibility of irritation brought on by higher AHAs, making it good for people with dry skin.”

This gentleness is exactly why it’s a safe choice for <span>sensitive skin</span>. 

Dr. Katheeja Nasika points out that the fatty acids, <span>antioxidants</span>, and bioactive proteins in goat milk help maintain the <span>skin barrier</span> and suppress inflammation, a bonus you don’t always get from stronger chemical exfoliants.

Here’s where the bubble bursts for anyone hoping for overnight miracles. Goat milk won’t banish deep wrinkles, stubborn pigmentation, or cystic acne. It’s not meant to.

“You should not rely solely on goat milk to remove large pimples, wrinkles, or dark spots,” advises Dr. Sooriya. “Add active ingredients like vitamin C or niacinamide, in moderation, to help in the process.”

Similarly, Dr. Nasika emphasises that while goat milk can enhance <span>hydration</span> and texture, the lactic acid content is low and variable, making results subtle and unpredictable. In other words, it’s more of a maintenance player than a star striker in your skincare squad.

If your skincare goals are about <span>gentle exfoliation</span>, daily nourishment, and barrier support, goat milk ticks the boxes. Used in soaps, cleansers, and lotions, it:

<ul><li>Softly removes minor discolourations</li><li>Hydrates the skin with its blend of vitamins A and D</li><li>Supports cell turnover without triggering redness</li><li>Adds a touch of radiance over time</li><li>Goat milk is also especially handy for those who can’t tolerate stronger AHAs but still want some exfoliation in their routine.</li></ul>

<h3>Gentle, Yes. Overhyped? Not Exactly.</h3>

Calling goat milk “overhyped” depends on what hype you have been sold. If you have been promised a miracle in a bar of soap, that’s overselling it. But if you understand it as a slow, steady, and skin-friendly option, it’s a quiet achiever.

“It might not work miracles, but it’s a good way to clean your skin without harming it and gain extra nutrients at the same time,” says Dr. Sooriya.

Dr. Nasika agrees, noting that it’s particularly suited for sensitive skin as a maintenance therapy, just don’t expect it to replace higher-strength exfoliants when dealing with pigmentation or fine lines.

<ul><li>Good for: Sensitive skin, dry skin, gentle daily exfoliation, hydration</li><li>Not so good for: Deep pigmentation, pronounced wrinkles, active acne</li><li>Best used as: A daily cleanser or lotion, paired with other active ingredients (used carefully) for bigger skincare goals</li></ul>

goat milk

lactic acid

gentle exfoliation

sensitive skin

hydration

skincare routine

antioxidants

skin barrier

fine lines

Skin & Hair

Historically, people have been slathering its goat milk goodness on their skin thanks to its rich fats and skin-loving nutrients. Lactic acid is a naturally occurring alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) found in goat milk. It works by breaking the “glue” between dead skin cells, letting them slide off more easily to reveal fresher, smoother skin underneath. Dead skin cells can more easily slide off to reveal the smoother, lighter skin underneath when lactic acid breaks down the bonds holding them together. In higher concentrations (like the 5–12% found in targeted skincare products), lactic acid boosts radiance, hydrates, and softens fine lines. In goat milk, however, the concentration is lower, which means it’s milder but slower to deliver visible results.The Gentle but Patient Approach“As goat milk contains less lactic acid than pure lactic acid, it is weaker but still works,” says Dr. Sooriya. “This reduces the possibility of irritation brought on by higher AHAs, making it good for people with dry skin.”This gentleness is exactly why it’s a safe choice for sensitive skin. Dr. Katheeja Nasika points out that the fatty acids, antioxidants, and bioactive proteins in goat milk help maintain the skin barrier and suppress inflammation, a bonus you don’t always get from stronger chemical exfoliants.Manage Your ExpectationsHere’s where the bubble bursts for anyone hoping for overnight miracles. Goat milk won’t banish deep wrinkles, stubborn pigmentation, or cystic acne. It’s not meant to.“You should not rely solely on goat milk to remove large pimples, wrinkles, or dark spots,” advises Dr. Sooriya. “Add active ingredients like vitamin C or niacinamide, in moderation, to help in the process.”Similarly, Dr. Nasika emphasises that while goat milk can enhance hydration and texture, the lactic acid content is low and variable, making results subtle and unpredictable. In other words, it’s more of a maintenance player than a star striker in your skincare squad.Where Goat Milk ShinesIf your skincare goals are about gentle exfoliation, daily nourishment, and barrier support, goat milk ticks the boxes. Used in soaps, cleansers, and lotions, it:Softly removes minor discolourationsHydrates the skin with its blend of vitamins A and DSupports cell turnover without triggering rednessAdds a touch of radiance over timeGoat milk is also especially handy for those who can’t tolerate stronger AHAs but still want some exfoliation in their routine.Gentle, Yes. Overhyped? Not Exactly.Calling goat milk “overhyped” depends on what hype you have been sold. If you have been promised a miracle in a bar of soap, that’s overselling it. But if you understand it as a slow, steady, and skin-friendly option, it’s a quiet achiever.“It might not work miracles, but it’s a good way to clean your skin without harming it and gain extra nutrients at the same time,” says Dr. Sooriya.Dr. Nasika agrees, noting that it’s particularly suited for sensitive skin as a maintenance therapy, just don’t expect it to replace higher-strength exfoliants when dealing with pigmentation or fine lines.Good for: Sensitive skin, dry skin, gentle daily exfoliation, hydrationNot so good for: Deep pigmentation, pronounced wrinkles, active acneBest used as: A daily cleanser or lotion, paired with other active ingredients (used carefully) for bigger skincare goals

lactic acid in goat milk: the gentle skin smoother that works — but is it all hype?

Tanya Dutt

This 'Common Toilet Issue' That Happens At Night Could Be An Early Warning Sign Of Prostate Cancer

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Waking up during the middle of the night to pee occasionally is okay but when it is a nightly routine, it makes you wonder if it is just age, too much tea at night… or something more severe like prostate cancer.

You’re not alone in asking this question. For many men, frequent <span>nighttime urination</span> especially as they get older raises concerns about <span>prostate health</span>. The truth is, while it can be a symptom of prostate cancer, it’s far more often linked to other, non-cancerous conditions. The challenge is figuring out which is which, and when it’s worth getting checked.

The prostate is a walnut-sized organ sitting below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Its primary function is to make fluid that feeds and protects sperm. As men get older, it's common for the prostate to swell a condition referred to as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Although BPH isn't cancer, it may produce urinary symptoms by compressing on the urethra and making it more difficult to completely empty the bladder.

Dr. Amit, Senior Consultant Urologist, Andrologist &amp; Transplant Surgeon, says, "The prostate is a tiny gland that makes a big difference in urinary function. Because it changes with age, symptoms such as <span>nocturia</span> bedtime trips to the bathroom—may develop, but they don't necessarily imply cancer."

<h2>What Counts as “Frequent” Nighttime Urination?</h2>

There is no one-size-fits-all rule for how often a night it is "normal" to have to urinate, as it is different for each individual. The majority of men urinate as many as two times during the night without it being a medical issue. During their 60s and 70s, men may need to urinate more often.

If you’re waking up every hour or two, and it’s not related to drinking more fluids, medications like diuretics, or lifestyle habits, it’s worth discussing with a doctor—especially if the change has been sudden or persistent.

<h2>When Frequent Urination Might Signal Something More</h2>

Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in males globally. It typically grows in silence, with minimal or no symptoms in its early stages. This is why regular screening becomes essential. In others, urinary alterations might be the initial perceptible sign—particularly when the cancer is more developed. These signs can range from:

<ul><li>Struggling to begin urination</li><li>Weak or interrupted stream of urine</li><li>Sensation of incomplete emptying of the bladder</li><li>Blood in urine or semen</li><li>Painful urination or ejaculation</li><li>New pain in the back, hips, or pelvis</li></ul>

The above symptoms may be due to causes other than cancer, but should not be neglected. "Recurring urinary changes—particularly when mixed with blood in the urine, unexplained pain, or a family history of prostate cancer—deserve prompt medical attention," writes Dr. Amit.

<h2>Other Typical Reasons for Nocturnal Urination</h2>

It is worth noting that frequent urination, particularly at night, has numerous potential reasons, such as:

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): An enlarged prostate compressing the urethra

Overactive bladder: A bladder that is contracting too frequently, even when it is not full

Urinary tract infections: May irritate the bladder and lead to urgency

Medical conditions: Diabetes, heart disease, or kidney disease may affect fluid balance

Lifestyle factors: Consuming alcohol or caffeine in the late evening, or large evening fluid consumption

Medications: particularly diuretics for hypertension or heart disease

Identifying the cause is the first step to effective treatment.

<h2>How Doctors Diagnose the Cause of Prostate Cancer?</h2>

If you’re experiencing frequent urination—day or night—your doctor will take a detailed history and may recommend:

<ul><li>Physical examination (including a digital rectal exam to check the prostate)</li><li>Urine tests to rule out infection or blood</li><li>Blood tests, especially a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test to look for changes that could indicate cancer</li><li>Imaging such as ultrasound or MRI if necessary</li></ul>

Your physician will also be interested in your fluid intake, medications, and duration of the symptoms. The more specific your data, the better it is to determine the cause.

The PSA test detects the amount of prostate-specific antigen in your bloodstream. A high PSA level can indicate prostate cancer, but can also increase due to BPH, infection, or even recent sex. That's why PSA tests are interpreted along with other results, including prior PSA levels and physical exam findings.

Screening usually begins at age 50 for all men, but those who are at increased risk—men with a family history of prostate cancer, for example—are started earlier.

<h2>What Are The Treatment Options if Cancer is Found?</h2>

Treatment for prostate cancer varies depending on the cancer's stage and aggressiveness, your age, and overall health. Treatment may include:

<ul><li>Active surveillance for cancers that grow slowly and might never become a problem</li><li>Surgery, including minimally invasive robotic procedures</li><li>Radiation therapy</li><li>Hormone therapy to slow cancer's growth</li><li>Combination therapies for more advanced disease</li><li>Early detection dramatically improves cure rates.</li></ul>

Prostate cancer frequently has a high cure rate if caught early. But if untreated, it can spread to bones and other organs, making it much more difficult to treat. That's why it's essential not to ignore urinary symptoms as "just aging" without excluding more dangerous causes.

Dr. Amit asserts, "Although most instances of nocturia are caused by non-cancerous factors, it's not worth the risk. A quick consultation can provide you with clarity and peace of mind—or diagnose something early when it's most curable."

Nocturia is very common, particularly as one gets older. It's typically the result of benign conditions, yet in a few instances, it may be an initial indicator of prostate cancer. The most important thing is to pay attention to changes, monitor symptoms, and schedule regular check-ups—especially if you have risk factors.

Don't dismiss what your body is saying. Whether it's an innocent habit or a serious medical problem, you won't know for certain until you get examined. And if it proves to be prostate cancer, catching it in time may mean the difference between life and death.

<b><em><strong>Dr. Amit Saple is the Executive Director and Senior Consultant Urologist, Andrologist &amp; Transplant Surgeon at Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Vizag</strong></em></b><em> <strong>in India</strong></em>

nighttime urination

prostate cancer symptoms

nocturia

frequent urination at night

prostate health

signs of prostate cancer

urology health

mens health

cancer symptoms

Daily habits that mean cancer

Waking up during the middle of the night to pee occasionally is okay but when it is a nightly routine, it makes you wonder if it is just age, too much tea at night… or something more severe like prostate cancer.You’re not alone in asking this question. For many men, frequent nighttime urination especially as they get older raises concerns about prostate health. The truth is, while it can be a symptom of prostate cancer, it’s far more often linked to other, non-cancerous conditions. The challenge is figuring out which is which, and when it’s worth getting checked.The prostate is a walnut-sized organ sitting below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Its primary function is to make fluid that feeds and protects sperm. As men get older, it's common for the prostate to swell a condition referred to as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Although BPH isn't cancer, it may produce urinary symptoms by compressing on the urethra and making it more difficult to completely empty the bladder.Dr. Amit, Senior Consultant Urologist, Andrologist & Transplant Surgeon, says, "The prostate is a tiny gland that makes a big difference in urinary function. Because it changes with age, symptoms such as nocturia bedtime trips to the bathroom—may develop, but they don't necessarily imply cancer."What Counts as “Frequent” Nighttime Urination?There is no one-size-fits-all rule for how often a night it is "normal" to have to urinate, as it is different for each individual. The majority of men urinate as many as two times during the night without it being a medical issue. During their 60s and 70s, men may need to urinate more often.If you’re waking up every hour or two, and it’s not related to drinking more fluids, medications like diuretics, or lifestyle habits, it’s worth discussing with a doctor—especially if the change has been sudden or persistent.When Frequent Urination Might Signal Something MoreProstate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in males globally. It typically grows in silence, with minimal or no symptoms in its early stages. This is why regular screening becomes essential. In others, urinary alterations might be the initial perceptible sign—particularly when the cancer is more developed. These signs can range from:Struggling to begin urinationWeak or interrupted stream of urineSensation of incomplete emptying of the bladderBlood in urine or semenPainful urination or ejaculationNew pain in the back, hips, or pelvisThe above symptoms may be due to causes other than cancer, but should not be neglected. "Recurring urinary changes—particularly when mixed with blood in the urine, unexplained pain, or a family history of prostate cancer—deserve prompt medical attention," writes Dr. Amit.Other Typical Reasons for Nocturnal UrinationIt is worth noting that frequent urination, particularly at night, has numerous potential reasons, such as:Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): An enlarged prostate compressing the urethraOveractive bladder: A bladder that is contracting too frequently, even when it is not fullUrinary tract infections: May irritate the bladder and lead to urgencyMedical conditions: Diabetes, heart disease, or kidney disease may affect fluid balanceLifestyle factors: Consuming alcohol or caffeine in the late evening, or large evening fluid consumptionMedications: particularly diuretics for hypertension or heart diseaseIdentifying the cause is the first step to effective treatment.How Doctors Diagnose the Cause of Prostate Cancer?If you’re experiencing frequent urination—day or night—your doctor will take a detailed history and may recommend:Physical examination (including a digital rectal exam to check the prostate)Urine tests to rule out infection or bloodBlood tests, especially a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test to look for changes that could indicate cancerImaging such as ultrasound or MRI if necessaryYour physician will also be interested in your fluid intake, medications, and duration of the symptoms. The more specific your data, the better it is to determine the cause.The PSA test detects the amount of prostate-specific antigen in your bloodstream. A high PSA level can indicate prostate cancer, but can also increase due to BPH, infection, or even recent sex. That's why PSA tests are interpreted along with other results, including prior PSA levels and physical exam findings.Screening usually begins at age 50 for all men, but those who are at increased risk—men with a family history of prostate cancer, for example—are started earlier.What Are The Treatment Options if Cancer is Found?Treatment for prostate cancer varies depending on the cancer's stage and aggressiveness, your age, and overall health. Treatment may include:Active surveillance for cancers that grow slowly and might never become a problemSurgery, including minimally invasive robotic proceduresRadiation therapyHormone therapy to slow cancer's growthCombination therapies for more advanced diseaseEarly detection dramatically improves cure rates.Why Ignoring Symptoms is Risky?Prostate cancer frequently has a high cure rate if caught early. But if untreated, it can spread to bones and other organs, making it much more difficult to treat. That's why it's essential not to ignore urinary symptoms as "just aging" without excluding more dangerous causes.Dr. Amit asserts, "Although most instances of nocturia are caused by non-cancerous factors, it's not worth the risk. A quick consultation can provide you with clarity and peace of mind—or diagnose something early when it's most curable."Nocturia is very common, particularly as one gets older. It's typically the result of benign conditions, yet in a few instances, it may be an initial indicator of prostate cancer. The most important thing is to pay attention to changes, monitor symptoms, and schedule regular check-ups—especially if you have risk factors.Don't dismiss what your body is saying. Whether it's an innocent habit or a serious medical problem, you won't know for certain until you get examined. And if it proves to be prostate cancer, catching it in time may mean the difference between life and death.Dr. Amit Saple is the Executive Director and Senior Consultant Urologist, Andrologist & Transplant Surgeon at Asian Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Vizag in India

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