Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter that makes you feel calm and relaxed. It is present in plants, animals and even microorganisms. The human body synthesizes it while some foods provide compound that trigger its production. However, as nutrition deficiency takes a toll on the human population, supplements claiming to boost this hormone are flooding pharmacy counters. But are the much-touted GABA supplements the next big mental health trend or just a hype?For that, we need to understand the functions of GABAGABA is basically a naturally occurring amino acid derived from glucose metabolism, a critical energy source for the brain. As a neurotransmitter, GABA plays a key role in regulating communication between neurons. It acts as an inhibitory signal, slowing down neural activity and promoting a calming effect. Additionally, GABA functions as a postbiotic, forming as a byproduct of gut bacteria breaking down food. Natural GABA vs. SupplementsGABA is classified as a nonessential amino acid, meaning the body produces it without requiring dietary intake. While optimal GABA activity is associated with potential protective effects against conditions like type 1 diabetes, cancer, neurological diseases, immunological disorders, and asthma, research on the bioavailability of GABA supplements remains limited. Current evidence suggests that dietary sources of GABA, such as fermented foods (kimchi, kefir), dairy products, teas, and beans, may be more readily absorbed by the body compared to supplements.Potential Benefits of GABA SupplementsWhile GABA supplementation is still being explored, there are small-scale studies that suggest that these supplements areas such as cognitive performance, physical recovery, anxiety reduction, and blood pressure regulation. However, a systematic review of studies on GABA's effectiveness for stress and sleep management found limited supporting evidence.Here, it must be noted that GABA's effectiveness depends on serotonin, another key neurotransmitter that modulates its impact on neural pathways. If serotonin levels are low, GABA cannot fully perform its role, potentially contributing to symptoms of anxiety and depression.Side Effects and RisksGenerally considered safe when used as directed, GABA supplements may still pose mild risks, including:Hypotension (low blood pressure)Throat irritationShortness of breathCommon supplement-related side effects like nausea, vomiting, headaches, and fatigue. Since GABA influences neural balance, supplementing without medical guidance could disrupt the body's natural equilibrium. People with low blood pressure, pregnant or breastfeeding individuals, and those on specific medications should avoid GABA supplements.Are GABA Supplements Really Worth The hype?As a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA plays a crucial role in brain function and mental health. An imbalance in GABA levels has been linked to conditions such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). On the other hand, excessive GABA activity due to genetic disorders can lead to intellectual disabilities and developmental delays. So, if you are feeling a bit anxious, fatigued or fighting sleeplessness, GABA supplements are what you should turn to. However, a word of caution, they aren't a permanent solution, and should not be used to treat serious mental health conditions like anxiety, depression and loneliness.