Health and Me

Ishita Roy

Kolkata Is Choking, The Reason Is Secondary Pollutants; Know What Are They

In recent years, <span>Kolkata</span> has emerged as one of India’s most polluted urban centres, with PM2.5 — fine particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter — posing a serious threat to public health. A new study by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) also revealed that nearly one-third of Kolkata’s PM 2.5 pollution is caused by <span>secondary pollutants</span>. 

While primary pollutants such as road dust, vehicular exhaust, and industrial smoke are visible contributors, it is the secondary pollutants, formed through complex atmospheric reactions, that are turning into an invisible public health crisis.

Unlike primary pollutants, which are directly emitted from identifiable sources, secondary pollutants are formed when gases like sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the atmosphere. In the case of PM2.5, these include secondary inorganic aerosols like ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate, and secondary organic carbon derived from chemical transformations of organic gases. According to the CSIR-NEERI 2019 report, secondary ammonium sulphate alone contributes up to 50% of PM2.5 in Kolkata and Howrah.

<h4>Sources Driving Secondary Pollution</h4>

The formation of secondary pollutants in Kolkata is closely tied to the region’s urban dynamics. The key contributing sectors include:

<strong>Transportation: </strong>Vehicles emit NOx and VOCs that contribute to secondary aerosol formation. Transport exhaust accounts for over 23% of PM2.5 emissions in Kolkata.

<strong>Households:</strong> Combustion of biomass and low-grade fuels emit a cocktail of pollutants. Households contribute nearly 28% of the PM2.5 burden in the city.

<strong>Industries:</strong> In Howrah, industries are responsible for a staggering 52% of PM2.5 emissions, a large share of which includes precursors to secondary particles. Many of these small-scale industries use outdated, inefficient coal-fired systems.

<strong>Construction activities: </strong>As detailed in the Urban Climate report, dust from excavation, concrete mixing, and demolition not only contributes to PM10 and PM2.5 but also releases silica particles and heavy metals, which undergo transformation in the air to form secondary pollutants. PM2.5 levels at such sites have been recorded up to 14 times higher than background levels.

The danger posed by secondary PM2.5 pollutants is grave. These particles are small enough to bypass the respiratory system’s defenses and lodge deep in the lungs. According to health risk assessments conducted across Kolkata’s 12 monitoring stations, including Serampore, Bidhannagar, and New Town, Hazard Quotients (HQs) exceed the safety threshold in almost all locations. Particularly in Bidhannagar, the HQ for infants reached 1.56 — meaning their exposure to PM2.5 is 56% higher than the safe limit.

<ul><li>Respiratory and cardiovascular diseases</li><li><span rel="noindex">COPD</span>, asthma, and bronchitis</li><li>Reduced lung function in children</li><li>Increased mortality and morbidity, especially among vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, and construction workers</li></ul>

For construction workers in Kolkata, the risks are compounded. Exposure to respirable silica, a byproduct of concrete grinding and drilling, leads to irreversible illnesses such as silicosis and lung cancer. Studies show quartz levels during construction activities often far exceed safe occupational limits.

Despite regulatory efforts — like phasing out older vehicles and implementing synchronized traffic lights — PM2.5 levels in Kolkata consistently breach the WHO and Indian air quality standards for up to 8 months a year. This indicates that current strategies are insufficient to tackle secondary pollution.

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In recent years, Kolkata has emerged as one of India’s most polluted urban centres, with PM2.5 — fine particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter — posing a serious threat to public health. A new study by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) also revealed that nearly one-third of Kolkata’s PM 2.5 pollution is caused by secondary pollutants. While primary pollutants such as road dust, vehicular exhaust, and industrial smoke are visible contributors, it is the secondary pollutants, formed through complex atmospheric reactions, that are turning into an invisible public health crisis.What Are Secondary Pollutants?Unlike primary pollutants, which are directly emitted from identifiable sources, secondary pollutants are formed when gases like sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the atmosphere. In the case of PM2.5, these include secondary inorganic aerosols like ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate, and secondary organic carbon derived from chemical transformations of organic gases. According to the CSIR-NEERI 2019 report, secondary ammonium sulphate alone contributes up to 50% of PM2.5 in Kolkata and Howrah.Sources Driving Secondary PollutionThe formation of secondary pollutants in Kolkata is closely tied to the region’s urban dynamics. The key contributing sectors include:Transportation: Vehicles emit NOx and VOCs that contribute to secondary aerosol formation. Transport exhaust accounts for over 23% of PM2.5 emissions in Kolkata.Households: Combustion of biomass and low-grade fuels emit a cocktail of pollutants. Households contribute nearly 28% of the PM2.5 burden in the city.Industries: In Howrah, industries are responsible for a staggering 52% of PM2.5 emissions, a large share of which includes precursors to secondary particles. Many of these small-scale industries use outdated, inefficient coal-fired systems.Construction activities: As detailed in the Urban Climate report, dust from excavation, concrete mixing, and demolition not only contributes to PM10 and PM2.5 but also releases silica particles and heavy metals, which undergo transformation in the air to form secondary pollutants. PM2.5 levels at such sites have been recorded up to 14 times higher than background levels.Health Risks and Human ExposureThe danger posed by secondary PM2.5 pollutants is grave. These particles are small enough to bypass the respiratory system’s defenses and lodge deep in the lungs. According to health risk assessments conducted across Kolkata’s 12 monitoring stations, including Serampore, Bidhannagar, and New Town, Hazard Quotients (HQs) exceed the safety threshold in almost all locations. Particularly in Bidhannagar, the HQ for infants reached 1.56 — meaning their exposure to PM2.5 is 56% higher than the safe limit.This overexposure is linked to:Respiratory and cardiovascular diseasesCOPD, asthma, and bronchitisReduced lung function in childrenIncreased mortality and morbidity, especially among vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, and construction workersFor construction workers in Kolkata, the risks are compounded. Exposure to respirable silica, a byproduct of concrete grinding and drilling, leads to irreversible illnesses such as silicosis and lung cancer. Studies show quartz levels during construction activities often far exceed safe occupational limits.Urgent Need for Targeted ActionDespite regulatory efforts — like phasing out older vehicles and implementing synchronized traffic lights — PM2.5 levels in Kolkata consistently breach the WHO and Indian air quality standards for up to 8 months a year. This indicates that current strategies are insufficient to tackle secondary pollution.

kolkata is choking, the reason is secondary pollutants; know what are they

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Why Your Sunscreen Isn’t Enough—Skincare Rules You Should Follow This Summer

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While summer season hits US, with record high heat already engulfed parts of United States so far, with sunny brunches, impromptu beach excursions, and lazy, stress-free days outdoors. But with the rise in temperature and UV index, your skin has a special set of problems—consider sweat-caused breakouts, dehydration, and the constant threat of sun damage. Whereas glowing skin is the season's go-to accessory, attaining and sustaining it takes more than a splash of water or swipe of sunscreen. The seasonal shift demands an strategic revamp of your skincare routine, designed specifically for summer's particular needs.

Most people maintain the same skincare routines throughout the year, yet what works in winter could fail in summer. Hot, humid weather increases oil production, clogs pores, and heightens the risk of dehydration and sunburn. The right summer routine is about making smarter, climate-aware choices: featherweight hydration, targeted serums, and robust UV protection. Summer's longer days and soaring temperatures may boost your mood, but they’re also hard on your skin. Increased exposure to the sun’s UV rays can accelerate aging, cause hyperpigmentation, and damage the skin barrier. Toss in sweat, humidity, and pollution, and your skin's defense system is put to the test.

Dermatologists caution that neglecting these environmental stressors can result in premature fine lines, pores clogged by grime, and irregular tone. The secret? Steering clear of aging skincare habits and swapping them out for summer-smart solutions.

"Are you cleansing enough?" That's what Chief Dermatologist Dr. Shwetha Rahul thinks should be the motto for every <span>summer skincare routine</span>. When it's summer, skin sheds more oil, which—if combined with sweat and grime—can block pores quickly.

"Twice daily gentle cleansing is a must," says Dr. Rahul. "But steer clear of harsh scrubs or over-cleansing, which can leave the skin defenseless and even more vulnerable to the sun."

Choose sulfate-free, pH-balanced cleansers that eliminate dirt without tampering with your skin's natural barrier. Gel or foam cleansers are particularly effective on oily and combination skin.

One of the largest myths about summer skincare is that you can forego moisturizer. In fact, summer's heat and humidity have a dehydrating effect on your skin, with added sweating and sun damage to boot. Trade in your heavier moisturizers for a lightweight, water-based or gel moisturizer that seals in moisture without being greasy or pore-clogging. Opt for non-comedogenic products containing hyaluronic acid, glycerin, or ceramides to keep your skin soft and strong.

"Moisturizing doesn't become optional just because the weather is warm," maintains Dr. Rahul. "In fact, dehydration does occur in summer, particularly following sun exposure."

Check for products containing hyaluronic acid, glycerin, and aloe vera. For more serious hydration, treatments such as Profhilo or PRP microneedling can restore lost moisture and trigger collagen.

Whether you’re brunching outdoors or lounging at the beach, sunscreen is your skin’s best defense against premature aging, hyperpigmentation, and sunburn. Choose a broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher, and reapply every two hours when outdoors. Antioxidant-enriched formulas offer extra protection against environmental stressors and help keep your skin evenly toned and healthy.

A golden tan may look appealing, but the long-term effects of unprotected sun exposure are far from pretty. Wrinkles, sunspots, and increased skin cancer risk are all linked to UV radiation.

Sunscreen—broad-spectrum, SPF 30 or higher—is non-negotiable. But it’s not just about applying it once in the morning. “Reapply every two hours, especially if you’re swimming or sweating,” Dr. Rahul advises. “Choose antioxidant-rich formulations to fight off free radical damage.”

And don't miss forgotten areas such as ears, feet, and the back of your neck.

Heavy moisturizers and high-coverage foundations can suffocate your skin during summer. The result? Clogged pores, acne, and dullness.

Ditch heavy moisturizers and heavy foundations and switch to light serums, liquid sunscreens, and light BB creams. "Heavy makeup creates a film that holds on to sweat and bacteria. Summer is the time when your skin needs to breathe," advises Dr. Rahul.

Sustained sun exposure can leave the skin dry and drained. Brightening serums containing vitamin C or niacinamide brighten the skin, reduce pigmentation, and reduce sun damage. After-sun treatments like aloe vera gel or soothing facial mists calm the irritation and restore lost water.

Professional treatments such as microneedling with Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), bio-remodelling injectables such as Profhilo, and LED Light Therapy are becoming increasingly popular due to their capacity to stimulate collagen, improve elasticity, and achieve a dewy, natural look without heavy makeup. These treatments promote deep hydration and discreet repair, minimizing the visibility of fine lines and keeping your skin firm and perky.

Hydrating 8–10 glasses of water a day and consuming water-filled foods such as cucumbers, watermelon, and oranges keep the skin elastic and prevent dryness. Optimal hydration promotes your skin's protective barrier, removes toxins, and postpones premature aging signs.

<h2>Summer Skin Issues—and How to Correct Them</h2>

<strong>Breakouts</strong>: Excess oil and sweat can block pores. Exfoliate with gentle acids and use non-comedogenic products.

<strong>Sunburn</strong>: Cool with fragrance-free moisturizers and aloe vera; skip active ingredients until the skin settles down.

<strong>Hyperpigmentation</strong>: Prevent and address with daily sunscreen, niacinamide, and vitamin C serums.

<strong>Oily Shine</strong>: Blotting papers and mattifying primers keep oil under control; change to oil-free moisturizers.

<strong>Dehydration</strong>: Apply humectants such as hyaluronic acid and hydrate with lots of water to keep your moisture barrier intact

Summer skincare isn't all about appearance; it's about shielding and caring for your skin to keep it healthy, strong, and radiant through every brunch or beach day. By changing up your routine for the season—emphasizing gentle cleansing, intelligent hydration, sun protection, and light textures—you can sidestep snags and maintain a radiant complexion all summer.

As Dr. Shwetha Rahul concludes, "It is crucial to take care of your skin during the summer season in order to prevent common errors that will damage it. By maintaining a consistent skincare routine and using proper products and treatments, you can keep your skin safeguarded, moisturized, and refreshed."

A summer skincare routine is not just about avoiding sunburn or acne—it's about loving your skin through its changing needs and providing it the attention that it needs. From the beach to brunch, your skin is always on high exposure to heat, UV rays, and air pollution.

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While summer season hits US, with record high heat already engulfed parts of United States so far, with sunny brunches, impromptu beach excursions, and lazy, stress-free days outdoors. But with the rise in temperature and UV index, your skin has a special set of problems—consider sweat-caused breakouts, dehydration, and the constant threat of sun damage. Whereas glowing skin is the season's go-to accessory, attaining and sustaining it takes more than a splash of water or swipe of sunscreen. The seasonal shift demands an strategic revamp of your skincare routine, designed specifically for summer's particular needs.Most people maintain the same skincare routines throughout the year, yet what works in winter could fail in summer. Hot, humid weather increases oil production, clogs pores, and heightens the risk of dehydration and sunburn. The right summer routine is about making smarter, climate-aware choices: featherweight hydration, targeted serums, and robust UV protection. Summer's longer days and soaring temperatures may boost your mood, but they’re also hard on your skin. Increased exposure to the sun’s UV rays can accelerate aging, cause hyperpigmentation, and damage the skin barrier. Toss in sweat, humidity, and pollution, and your skin's defense system is put to the test.Dermatologists caution that neglecting these environmental stressors can result in premature fine lines, pores clogged by grime, and irregular tone. The secret? Steering clear of aging skincare habits and swapping them out for summer-smart solutions."Are you cleansing enough?" That's what Chief Dermatologist Dr. Shwetha Rahul thinks should be the motto for every summer skincare routine. When it's summer, skin sheds more oil, which—if combined with sweat and grime—can block pores quickly.STEP 1- Cleansing"Twice daily gentle cleansing is a must," says Dr. Rahul. "But steer clear of harsh scrubs or over-cleansing, which can leave the skin defenseless and even more vulnerable to the sun."Choose sulfate-free, pH-balanced cleansers that eliminate dirt without tampering with your skin's natural barrier. Gel or foam cleansers are particularly effective on oily and combination skin.STEP 2- HydrationOne of the largest myths about summer skincare is that you can forego moisturizer. In fact, summer's heat and humidity have a dehydrating effect on your skin, with added sweating and sun damage to boot. Trade in your heavier moisturizers for a lightweight, water-based or gel moisturizer that seals in moisture without being greasy or pore-clogging. Opt for non-comedogenic products containing hyaluronic acid, glycerin, or ceramides to keep your skin soft and strong."Moisturizing doesn't become optional just because the weather is warm," maintains Dr. Rahul. "In fact, dehydration does occur in summer, particularly following sun exposure."Check for products containing hyaluronic acid, glycerin, and aloe vera. For more serious hydration, treatments such as Profhilo or PRP microneedling can restore lost moisture and trigger collagen.STEP 3- SunscreenWhether you’re brunching outdoors or lounging at the beach, sunscreen is your skin’s best defense against premature aging, hyperpigmentation, and sunburn. Choose a broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher, and reapply every two hours when outdoors. Antioxidant-enriched formulas offer extra protection against environmental stressors and help keep your skin evenly toned and healthy.A golden tan may look appealing, but the long-term effects of unprotected sun exposure are far from pretty. Wrinkles, sunspots, and increased skin cancer risk are all linked to UV radiation.Sunscreen—broad-spectrum, SPF 30 or higher—is non-negotiable. But it’s not just about applying it once in the morning. “Reapply every two hours, especially if you’re swimming or sweating,” Dr. Rahul advises. “Choose antioxidant-rich formulations to fight off free radical damage.”And don't miss forgotten areas such as ears, feet, and the back of your neck.STEP 4- MoisturizeHeavy moisturizers and high-coverage foundations can suffocate your skin during summer. The result? Clogged pores, acne, and dullness.Ditch heavy moisturizers and heavy foundations and switch to light serums, liquid sunscreens, and light BB creams. "Heavy makeup creates a film that holds on to sweat and bacteria. Summer is the time when your skin needs to breathe," advises Dr. Rahul.STEP 5- RejuvenationSustained sun exposure can leave the skin dry and drained. Brightening serums containing vitamin C or niacinamide brighten the skin, reduce pigmentation, and reduce sun damage. After-sun treatments like aloe vera gel or soothing facial mists calm the irritation and restore lost water.Professional treatments such as microneedling with Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), bio-remodelling injectables such as Profhilo, and LED Light Therapy are becoming increasingly popular due to their capacity to stimulate collagen, improve elasticity, and achieve a dewy, natural look without heavy makeup. These treatments promote deep hydration and discreet repair, minimizing the visibility of fine lines and keeping your skin firm and perky.Hydration From the Inside OutHydrating 8–10 glasses of water a day and consuming water-filled foods such as cucumbers, watermelon, and oranges keep the skin elastic and prevent dryness. Optimal hydration promotes your skin's protective barrier, removes toxins, and postpones premature aging signs.Summer Skin Issues—and How to Correct ThemBreakouts: Excess oil and sweat can block pores. Exfoliate with gentle acids and use non-comedogenic products.Sunburn: Cool with fragrance-free moisturizers and aloe vera; skip active ingredients until the skin settles down.Hyperpigmentation: Prevent and address with daily sunscreen, niacinamide, and vitamin C serums.Oily Shine: Blotting papers and mattifying primers keep oil under control; change to oil-free moisturizers.Dehydration: Apply humectants such as hyaluronic acid and hydrate with lots of water to keep your moisture barrier intactSummer skincare isn't all about appearance; it's about shielding and caring for your skin to keep it healthy, strong, and radiant through every brunch or beach day. By changing up your routine for the season—emphasizing gentle cleansing, intelligent hydration, sun protection, and light textures—you can sidestep snags and maintain a radiant complexion all summer.As Dr. Shwetha Rahul concludes, "It is crucial to take care of your skin during the summer season in order to prevent common errors that will damage it. By maintaining a consistent skincare routine and using proper products and treatments, you can keep your skin safeguarded, moisturized, and refreshed."A summer skincare routine is not just about avoiding sunburn or acne—it's about loving your skin through its changing needs and providing it the attention that it needs. From the beach to brunch, your skin is always on high exposure to heat, UV rays, and air pollution.

why your sunscreen isn’t enough—skincare rules you should follow this summer

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It starts innocently enough. Maybe it’s a wrinkle forming at the edge of your eyes or the first sign of aching joints after a long day. For many, ageing creeps in slowly, until one day, it becomes the loudest voice in the mirror. The desire to hold on to youth—to remain vibrant, sharp, and wrinkle-free—has fueled a booming global market of anti-ageing solutions. From collagen powders and NMN capsules to calorie-mimicking compounds, anti-ageing drugs and supplements promise to slow time’s march forward.

But here’s the uncomfortable question: What if your quest to look or feel younger is silently speeding up your biological decline? As the anti-ageing industry grows, medical experts warn that some of these interventions might come with unintended, even dangerous, consequences.

The answer is complex. While some anti-ageing drugs and supplements may offer genuine health benefits, others carry hidden risks, especially when used unsupervised or in combination with other medications. 

Whether it’s reversing wrinkles, easing joint pain, or stimulating a sluggish metabolism, anti-ageing drugs are now everywhere. The global market for these supplements and therapies is set to skyrocket over the next decade. But effectiveness aside, there’s growing concern over how these substances interact with the body’s internal systems—especially when taken without medical guidance.

The term "anti-ageing" itself is increasingly under scrutiny. It suggests a battle against the inevitable. As a prominent U.S. beauty magazine, acknowledged in its decision to ban the term from its editorial vocabulary, the phrase carries unrealistic and potentially harmful connotations. Instead, terms like "healthy ageing" or "pro-ageing" are gaining ground—offering a more balanced and science-based lens to look at ageing gracefully.

We spoke to experts to discuss the real and potential reasons about the why and how of anti-ageing drugs and their effect on the human body.

<h2>Why Are Anti-Ageing Drugs So Popular?</h2>

Anti-ageing treatments encompass a wide range of products: from over-the-counter creams and oral supplements to prescription medications and injectable therapies. Popular compounds include antioxidants like glutathione and vitamin C, hormonal agents such as testosterone and growth hormone, and metabolic modulators like metformin and rapamycin. Many of these are marketed with bold claims—promising not just cosmetic improvements, but also enhanced vitality and longevity.

The science behind some of these products is promising. For example, metformin, a drug widely used for diabetes, has been shown in some studies to reduce inflammation, slow organ decline, and lower the risk of age-related diseases. However, the evidence that it—or any other anti-ageing drug—can reliably extend human lifespan remains inconclusive.

<h2>Do Anti-Ageing Drugs Mimic Caloric Restriction?</h2>

Many anti-ageing drugs work by mimicking caloric restriction or altering key metabolic pathways, a mechanism known to extend lifespan in lab animals. But this doesn’t mean they’re risk-free for humans, especially those with underlying conditions.

“Some anti-ageing drugs change the manner in which the body uses energy, similar to the effect of consuming fewer calories,” explains Dr. Vinay Aggarwal, Past National President of the Indian Medical Association. “While this will cause good ageing, it may put additional stress on the heart, especially in adults with pre-existing illnesses. The heart may be forced to labor harder or evolve to accommodate new energy demands, which may lead to fatigue, weakness, or arrhythmia in some individuals.”

In short, while these drugs may slow down some processes associated with ageing, they might also increase cardiovascular workload—potentially raising the risk of heart complications in certain users.

<h2>What Red Flags Should You Watch for When Self-Medicating?</h2>

The trend of self-medicating with anti-ageing supplements is growing, but it can be dangerous. Beyond prescription drugs, many people turn to over-the-counter anti-ageing supplements with little medical oversight. This self-medicating trend can pose a serious health threat.

“Individuals who use anti-ageing supplements without consulting a physician ought to be watchful for symptoms such as persistent fatigue, insomnia, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, or stomach upset,” warns Dr. Aggarwal.

“Mixing various supplements also elevates risks to overall health. If one starts to feel sick or notices some strange change since beginning such products, they should consult a physician immediately.”

The lack of regulation in the supplement industry means consumers are often unaware of what they’re ingesting—or how it interacts with other medications or pre-existing conditions. 

Dr. Aggarwal shares that these warning signs may indicate that the body is not responding well to the supplement. He also cautions that mixing various supplements increases health risks, and if you start to feel unwell or notice unusual changes after beginning such products, it’s crucial to consult a physician immediately.

<h2>Could Anti-Ageing Drugs Destabilize Your Cardiovascular System?</h2>

The cardiovascular system is particularly vulnerable to the effects of anti-ageing drugs. Dr. S.S. Sibia, Cardiologist &amp; Director at Sibia Medical Center, Ludhiana, explains, "“Hormonal, metabolic, or cellular repair agents may sometimes produce an undesirable effect on blood pressure control or stress-induced heart function."

“Uncontrolled use, especially in those with underlying conditions, can lead to disruption of autonomic balance or vascular function, precipitating risks like hypertension or hypotensive attacks.”

The mechanisms behind these risks are still being studied, but early research indicates that these compounds can disrupt the heart’s electrical signaling or alter vascular tone, both of which are critical to stable blood pressure and rhythm.

“Some anti-aging therapies can interfere with cellular energy metabolism or signaling pathways that control heart function,” Dr. Sibia adds.

“This can be interfering with the electrical signal of the heart or changing constriction of blood vessels. Thus, some people might develop irregular heart rhythms or changes in blood pressure, particularly with long-term or unmonitored therapy.”

<h2>How Do Dermatologists Evaluate the Side Effects of Anti-Ageing Drugs?</h2>

Beyond the heart, the skin and other organs can also be affected by anti-ageing treatments. Dr. Chandani Jain Gupta, MBBS &amp; MD, Dermatologist &amp; Aesthetic Physician at Elantis Healthcare, New Delhi, explains that side effects are assessed through clinical trials, dermatology tests, and ongoing post-launch monitoring.

In the dermatology world, anti-ageing topicals—ranging from retinoids to hormone creams—have long been popular. But even here, caution is advised.

“Side effects are evaluated on clinical trials, dermatology tests, and post-launch monitoring,” says Dr. Chandani. “Common issues include irritation, pigmentation, or potentially systemic impact. Safety profiles are dependent upon dosage, duration, patient profile, and ingredient interaction.”

With long-term usage, the skin might not always respond positively—especially with unregulated or steroid-infused products.

“The safety line is the point at which benefit is greater than risk,” Dr. Gupta adds. “Long-term products must be okay’d by dermatologists, clinically proven, and contain no harmful ingredients like steroids or unregulated hormones. Regular skin checkups and halting at signs of unfavorable reaction guarantee safety.”

A major challenge with anti-ageing supplements is the lack of stringent regulation. Unlike prescription drugs, many supplements are not subject to rigorous safety or efficacy testing before reaching consumers. This opens the door to contamination, inaccurate dosing, and potentially dangerous interactions with other medications. Introducing multiple supplements at once can create a “pharmacological pandora’s box,” increasing the risk of adverse reactions and drug interactions.

<h2>Diet vs. Drugs: Is There a Safer Path to Healthy Ageing?</h2>

Emerging research suggests that lifestyle factors—especially diet—may have a more profound and safer impact on ageing than drugs alone. Dietary patterns, particularly protein and energy intake, can influence cellular health and longevity more fundamentally than most pharmacological interventions. While drugs may dampen some metabolic responses, they rarely reshape the underlying cellular machinery the way diet can.

There’s no denying the allure of anti-ageing treatments. Who doesn’t want to look and feel their best as they age? But experts agree: there’s no magic pill or serum that can completely halt time.

More importantly, the goal shouldn't be to resist ageing—but to age well. That means making informed choices, consulting healthcare professionals, and prioritizing long-term health over short-term gains.

Some drugs and supplements may offer healthspan benefits, but the risks—especially to cardiovascular health—are real and can be life-threatening if misused or taken without medical oversight. If you are considering anti-ageing drugs or supplements, consult a qualified physician, monitor for side effects, and be wary of unproven claims or off-label uses. 

anti ageing drugs

heart risks

longevity supplements

ageing safely

supplement side effects

anti ageing myths

ageing and heart health

diet & nutrition

It starts innocently enough. Maybe it’s a wrinkle forming at the edge of your eyes or the first sign of aching joints after a long day. For many, ageing creeps in slowly, until one day, it becomes the loudest voice in the mirror. The desire to hold on to youth—to remain vibrant, sharp, and wrinkle-free—has fueled a booming global market of anti-ageing solutions. From collagen powders and NMN capsules to calorie-mimicking compounds, anti-ageing drugs and supplements promise to slow time’s march forward.But here’s the uncomfortable question: What if your quest to look or feel younger is silently speeding up your biological decline? As the anti-ageing industry grows, medical experts warn that some of these interventions might come with unintended, even dangerous, consequences.The answer is complex. While some anti-ageing drugs and supplements may offer genuine health benefits, others carry hidden risks, especially when used unsupervised or in combination with other medications. Whether it’s reversing wrinkles, easing joint pain, or stimulating a sluggish metabolism, anti-ageing drugs are now everywhere. The global market for these supplements and therapies is set to skyrocket over the next decade. But effectiveness aside, there’s growing concern over how these substances interact with the body’s internal systems—especially when taken without medical guidance.The term "anti-ageing" itself is increasingly under scrutiny. It suggests a battle against the inevitable. As a prominent U.S. beauty magazine, acknowledged in its decision to ban the term from its editorial vocabulary, the phrase carries unrealistic and potentially harmful connotations. Instead, terms like "healthy ageing" or "pro-ageing" are gaining ground—offering a more balanced and science-based lens to look at ageing gracefully.We spoke to experts to discuss the real and potential reasons about the why and how of anti-ageing drugs and their effect on the human body.Why Are Anti-Ageing Drugs So Popular?Anti-ageing treatments encompass a wide range of products: from over-the-counter creams and oral supplements to prescription medications and injectable therapies. Popular compounds include antioxidants like glutathione and vitamin C, hormonal agents such as testosterone and growth hormone, and metabolic modulators like metformin and rapamycin. Many of these are marketed with bold claims—promising not just cosmetic improvements, but also enhanced vitality and longevity.The science behind some of these products is promising. For example, metformin, a drug widely used for diabetes, has been shown in some studies to reduce inflammation, slow organ decline, and lower the risk of age-related diseases. However, the evidence that it—or any other anti-ageing drug—can reliably extend human lifespan remains inconclusive.Do Anti-Ageing Drugs Mimic Caloric Restriction?Many anti-ageing drugs work by mimicking caloric restriction or altering key metabolic pathways, a mechanism known to extend lifespan in lab animals. But this doesn’t mean they’re risk-free for humans, especially those with underlying conditions.“Some anti-ageing drugs change the manner in which the body uses energy, similar to the effect of consuming fewer calories,” explains Dr. Vinay Aggarwal, Past National President of the Indian Medical Association. “While this will cause good ageing, it may put additional stress on the heart, especially in adults with pre-existing illnesses. The heart may be forced to labor harder or evolve to accommodate new energy demands, which may lead to fatigue, weakness, or arrhythmia in some individuals.”In short, while these drugs may slow down some processes associated with ageing, they might also increase cardiovascular workload—potentially raising the risk of heart complications in certain users.What Red Flags Should You Watch for When Self-Medicating?The trend of self-medicating with anti-ageing supplements is growing, but it can be dangerous. Beyond prescription drugs, many people turn to over-the-counter anti-ageing supplements with little medical oversight. This self-medicating trend can pose a serious health threat.“Individuals who use anti-ageing supplements without consulting a physician ought to be watchful for symptoms such as persistent fatigue, insomnia, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, or stomach upset,” warns Dr. Aggarwal.“Mixing various supplements also elevates risks to overall health. If one starts to feel sick or notices some strange change since beginning such products, they should consult a physician immediately.”The lack of regulation in the supplement industry means consumers are often unaware of what they’re ingesting—or how it interacts with other medications or pre-existing conditions. Dr. Aggarwal shares that these warning signs may indicate that the body is not responding well to the supplement. He also cautions that mixing various supplements increases health risks, and if you start to feel unwell or notice unusual changes after beginning such products, it’s crucial to consult a physician immediately.Could Anti-Ageing Drugs Destabilize Your Cardiovascular System?The cardiovascular system is particularly vulnerable to the effects of anti-ageing drugs. Dr. S.S. Sibia, Cardiologist & Director at Sibia Medical Center, Ludhiana, explains, "“Hormonal, metabolic, or cellular repair agents may sometimes produce an undesirable effect on blood pressure control or stress-induced heart function."“Uncontrolled use, especially in those with underlying conditions, can lead to disruption of autonomic balance or vascular function, precipitating risks like hypertension or hypotensive attacks.”The mechanisms behind these risks are still being studied, but early research indicates that these compounds can disrupt the heart’s electrical signaling or alter vascular tone, both of which are critical to stable blood pressure and rhythm.“Some anti-aging therapies can interfere with cellular energy metabolism or signaling pathways that control heart function,” Dr. Sibia adds.“This can be interfering with the electrical signal of the heart or changing constriction of blood vessels. Thus, some people might develop irregular heart rhythms or changes in blood pressure, particularly with long-term or unmonitored therapy.”How Do Dermatologists Evaluate the Side Effects of Anti-Ageing Drugs?Beyond the heart, the skin and other organs can also be affected by anti-ageing treatments. Dr. Chandani Jain Gupta, MBBS & MD, Dermatologist & Aesthetic Physician at Elantis Healthcare, New Delhi, explains that side effects are assessed through clinical trials, dermatology tests, and ongoing post-launch monitoring.In the dermatology world, anti-ageing topicals—ranging from retinoids to hormone creams—have long been popular. But even here, caution is advised.“Side effects are evaluated on clinical trials, dermatology tests, and post-launch monitoring,” says Dr. Chandani. “Common issues include irritation, pigmentation, or potentially systemic impact. Safety profiles are dependent upon dosage, duration, patient profile, and ingredient interaction.”With long-term usage, the skin might not always respond positively—especially with unregulated or steroid-infused products.“The safety line is the point at which benefit is greater than risk,” Dr. Gupta adds. “Long-term products must be okay’d by dermatologists, clinically proven, and contain no harmful ingredients like steroids or unregulated hormones. Regular skin checkups and halting at signs of unfavorable reaction guarantee safety.”A major challenge with anti-ageing supplements is the lack of stringent regulation. Unlike prescription drugs, many supplements are not subject to rigorous safety or efficacy testing before reaching consumers. This opens the door to contamination, inaccurate dosing, and potentially dangerous interactions with other medications. Introducing multiple supplements at once can create a “pharmacological pandora’s box,” increasing the risk of adverse reactions and drug interactions.Diet vs. Drugs: Is There a Safer Path to Healthy Ageing?Emerging research suggests that lifestyle factors—especially diet—may have a more profound and safer impact on ageing than drugs alone. Dietary patterns, particularly protein and energy intake, can influence cellular health and longevity more fundamentally than most pharmacological interventions. While drugs may dampen some metabolic responses, they rarely reshape the underlying cellular machinery the way diet can.There’s no denying the allure of anti-ageing treatments. Who doesn’t want to look and feel their best as they age? But experts agree: there’s no magic pill or serum that can completely halt time.More importantly, the goal shouldn't be to resist ageing—but to age well. That means making informed choices, consulting healthcare professionals, and prioritizing long-term health over short-term gains.Some drugs and supplements may offer healthspan benefits, but the risks—especially to cardiovascular health—are real and can be life-threatening if misused or taken without medical oversight. If you are considering anti-ageing drugs or supplements, consult a qualified physician, monitor for side effects, and be wary of unproven claims or off-label uses. 

Kalpana Sharma

Healers, But Human Too: The Quiet Burdens Our Doctors Carry

July 1 is Doctor's Day

"who heals the healer?" this is why the national doctors' day 2025 theme is so relevant

National Doctor's Day: Why Is It Important To Observe A Day For Doctors?

national doctors day 2025 july 1 dr bidhan chandra roy india know why is it important to observe a day for doctors?

This Deadly Liver Disease Is Affecting People In Their 20s And This One Symptom Is The Red Flag

this deadly liver disease is affecting people in their 20s and this one symptom is the red flag

<em>Behind the Mask: What We Forget About the Doctors in Our Lives </em>

A missed diagnosis. A prescription that showed no improvement. A patient who returns only to say their condition worsened. An important family event missed for a last-minute consultation. These are not just incidents, they are everyday realities for many doctors. 

Doctors are trained to heal. To know. To always be in control. But what we forget is that they are human too. They grieve every loss, carry the weight of every failure and constantly walk the tightrope between their duty and personal life. 

In a deeply candid conversation, <span>Dr Guru N Reddy</span>, a senior gastroenterologist, shared, “I didn’t spend time with my family when my kids were growing up. My work always came first and then came my family.” That struck a chord. As patients, we expect doctors to answer our calls immediately, respond to texts late at night and be available at all hours. We rarely pause to think who’s waiting for them at home? 

And God help you if you have a doctor in the family. Because the rare time they do manage to show up at a gathering, they inevitably turn into the unofficial consultation desk. “Can I quickly show you this report?” “There’s this pain that won’t go, can you suggest something?” Sometimes, it’s not even for them, it’s for a friend, a colleague or someone they barely know. 

Most doctors, even the most humble and well-meaning, find it hard to say no. Their instinct is to help. But somewhere in the process, their own boundaries blur. What’s meant to be a relaxing evening becomes a mini OPD. And they smile through it because that’s just who they are. But let’s not pretend that it doesn’t wear them out. 

No wonder this year’s Doctors’ Day theme is so fitting -<em> Behind the Mask: Care for the Caregiver</em>. We often forget that doctors, beneath their professional calm are silent sufferers too. They carry the emotional burden of every patient they try to heal. While we blame them for a delayed recovery or a missed diagnosis, we fail to see how much it breaks them from within. 

“If doctors could carry a magic wand that ensured perfect diagnoses and flawless treatments every time, they would, without question,” Dr Shuchi Sharma said. But medicine is not magic. It’s a science filled with uncertainties and doctors do their best within those limits. 

It takes years to build a reputation as a doctor and just one unexpected outcome to tear it down. That’s what they fear the most, not for their name, but for the trust they lose, for the patients they couldn’t save, shares Dr Reddy. 

And for this very reason, we have started Beyond The Stethoscope podcast series where we go past the prescriptions and procedures to bring you inspiring conversations with the minds shaping the future of healthcare. 

So today, let’s pause. Let’s honour the ones who put others before themselves every single day. Behind their mask is not just a professional, it’s a person, quietly carrying the weight of hundreds of lives. This Doctor’s Day, let’s offer them what they rarely ask for - understanding, respect and a little care in return. 

doctors day

world doctors day

national doctors day

doctors day theme

quiet burdens our doctors carry

dr guru n reddy

struggles of doctors

Behind the Mask: What We Forget About the Doctors in Our Lives A missed diagnosis. A prescription that showed no improvement. A patient who returns only to say their condition worsened. An important family event missed for a last-minute consultation. These are not just incidents, they are everyday realities for many doctors. Doctors are trained to heal. To know. To always be in control. But what we forget is that they are human too. They grieve every loss, carry the weight of every failure and constantly walk the tightrope between their duty and personal life. In a deeply candid conversation, Dr Guru N Reddy, a senior gastroenterologist, shared, “I didn’t spend time with my family when my kids were growing up. My work always came first and then came my family.” That struck a chord. As patients, we expect doctors to answer our calls immediately, respond to texts late at night and be available at all hours. We rarely pause to think who’s waiting for them at home? And God help you if you have a doctor in the family. Because the rare time they do manage to show up at a gathering, they inevitably turn into the unofficial consultation desk. “Can I quickly show you this report?” “There’s this pain that won’t go, can you suggest something?” Sometimes, it’s not even for them, it’s for a friend, a colleague or someone they barely know. Most doctors, even the most humble and well-meaning, find it hard to say no. Their instinct is to help. But somewhere in the process, their own boundaries blur. What’s meant to be a relaxing evening becomes a mini OPD. And they smile through it because that’s just who they are. But let’s not pretend that it doesn’t wear them out. No wonder this year’s Doctors’ Day theme is so fitting - Behind the Mask: Care for the Caregiver. We often forget that doctors, beneath their professional calm are silent sufferers too. They carry the emotional burden of every patient they try to heal. While we blame them for a delayed recovery or a missed diagnosis, we fail to see how much it breaks them from within. “If doctors could carry a magic wand that ensured perfect diagnoses and flawless treatments every time, they would, without question,” Dr Shuchi Sharma said. But medicine is not magic. It’s a science filled with uncertainties and doctors do their best within those limits. It takes years to build a reputation as a doctor and just one unexpected outcome to tear it down. That’s what they fear the most, not for their name, but for the trust they lose, for the patients they couldn’t save, shares Dr Reddy. And for this very reason, we have started Beyond The Stethoscope podcast series where we go past the prescriptions and procedures to bring you inspiring conversations with the minds shaping the future of healthcare. So today, let’s pause. Let’s honour the ones who put others before themselves every single day. Behind their mask is not just a professional, it’s a person, quietly carrying the weight of hundreds of lives. This Doctor’s Day, let’s offer them what they rarely ask for - understanding, respect and a little care in return. 