We all at some point of our life thought if we had a delete button to erase the bad memories, haven't we? Now, this dream may come true. When I first came across this news, the first thing that came to my mind was the animated film The Boss Baby, where babies are sent from a baby corporate to ensure that people choose babies over pets. The baby is smart, witty, and works as a spy and once the job is done, the baby goes back to the baby corporate. When the baby is gone, the staff from the company comes with a magic wand and erases everyone's memories with the baby. It is like the baby never existed for the parents or the family in the first place. Now, scientists have discovered a way to potentially erase memories, though it is to weaken the hold of traumatic memories by reactivating positive ones.A new study published in PNAS, titled Aversive memories can be weakened during human sleep via the reactivation of positive interfering memories suggests that erasing memory may become a real possibility. If so, this might be a breakthrough that could have wide-reaching impact for treating mental health conditions like PTSD, anxiety and depression.Replacing The Bad With The GoodThe basis of the research is a simple but powerful idea: when you recall a negative memory, can you weaken it by immediately linking it with something positive? This theory was put to the test by an international team of scientists who worked with 37 participants in a controlled lab setting.Participants were first asked to associate random, made-up words with disturbing or aversive images. These images came from recognized databases and included visuals such as injuries and dangerous animals. This created a mental link between the neutral words and negative feelings.Sleep InterventionOnce the participants have formed these unpleasant association, the next step is to sleep. This is the non-rapid eye movement or the NREM sleep. This is a crucial phase for memory consolidation. However, before this step, the researchers have attempted to "reprogram" half of the negative associations by linking the same nonsense words with pleasant images. It could be the peaceful landscapes or smiling faces.When in the second night, the nonsense words were replayed to the participants as audio while they were in NERM sleep, their brain activity too was monitored. The monitoring happened using the electroencephalography (EEG). Interestingly, when positive images had been paired with the words earlier, the EEG showed a spike in theta-band activity. This is a brainwave that associates with emotional memory processing.What Were The Results?When the participants were asked to recall their memories the next day — and even several days later — a noticeable shift had taken place. Those nonsense words that had been "interfered with" by positive associations no longer triggered the same strong negative memories. In fact, participants were more likely to spontaneously recall the positive images instead. They also showed a more positive emotional bias when evaluating those memories.In the researchers’ words, the study demonstrated that “a noninvasive sleep intervention can thus modify aversive recollection and affective responses.”While the findings are promising, the researchers also noted that this was a controlled laboratory experiment. The emotional impact of viewing upsetting images in a lab is not the same as experiencing real-life trauma. True traumatic memories, especially those tied to lived experiences, may be much more resistant to this kind of memory editing.That said, this approach builds on earlier findings that the brain naturally replays memories during sleep to reinforce them. If this process can be gently influenced — perhaps even without the sleeper knowing — it could someday become part of therapy for those struggling with difficult memories.While the research still is in its early stage, it does add to the idea that our brains are not static storage banks. “Our findings open broad avenues for seeking to weaken aversive or traumatic memories,” the researchers said.