Health And Space: How Do Astronauts Ensure Their Well-being On Space Mission?

When Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla became the first Indian to board the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Axiom Mission-4, he carried with him not only national pride but years of medical preparation and personal discipline. Space travel is as much about the body and mind as it is about engineering and exploration. Here's a deep dive into how astronauts safeguard their wellbeing before, during, and after their missions — and why every step is critical.Prep Before LaunchAstronauts begin their journey long before liftoff. Months — sometimes years — ahead of the mission, they are paired with flight surgeons (physicians with specialized training in space medicine) who monitor and manage their health meticulously. In Shukla’s case, the Indian Air Force appointed Dr. Punyashlok Biswal as his designated physician, offering continuity of care throughout his space journey, as reported by NDTV. The Week.in reports that in the final weeks before launch, astronauts enter a tightly controlled quarantine. According to space analyst Girish Linganna, as was told to the Week.in, this isolation isn't just protocol — it's protection. Infections like the common cold could threaten an entire mission. The ISS is a sealed environment with limited medical supplies, where even a minor illness can compromise experiments, affect crew performance, or force an early return to Earth.Physical Conditioning and Mental FortitudeTraining includes intense physical conditioning and simulation drills. Astronauts must meet demanding benchmarks for strength, endurance, agility, and aerobic fitness to ensure they can function in a microgravity environment. Mental preparation is equally crucial. NASA assesses candidates for resilience, adaptability, and communication skills as early as the selection phase. Crew members are also trained in self-care and team dynamics — vital skills when you’re isolated 400 kilometers above Earth.Monitoring Health in Real-TimeAstronauts like Shukla don’t travel alone — at least not medically. Flight surgeons remain connected throughout the mission, conducting weekly telemedicine check-ins to monitor everything from sleep quality to cardiovascular performance. These physicians act as both doctors and confidants, forming years-long relationships with astronauts. As Dr. Brigitte Godard of the European Space Agency told NDTV, “They are like family physicians.”Each astronaut's physiological response to microgravity is unique. While Shukla initially experienced space motion sickness — a common side effect in early days of spaceflight — his extensive background as a fighter pilot made him more resilient. With monitoring and proper support, these symptoms are manageable, especially on short-duration missions like Ax-4.Physical Fitness In Microgravity Microgravity weakens bones and muscles due to the lack of physical stress normally exerted by gravity. To counteract this, astronauts exercise for approximately 2.5 hours each day. They use devices like the ARED (Advanced Resistive Exercise Device) to simulate weightlifting, a treadmill (T2), and the CEVIS bike for cardiovascular fitness. These workouts help preserve muscle mass, maintain bone density, and support motor coordination — all vital for safe movement and return to Earth.Ensuring NutritionNutrition in space serves a dual purpose: physiological support and psychological comfort. NASA’s Space Food Systems Laboratory creates meals that are both nutrient-rich and enjoyable. Astronauts also receive care packages and can request familiar foods — a small but significant way to boost morale. Their dietary intake is carefully tracked using digital tools, and samples of blood and urine are analyzed throughout the mission to ensure optimal nutrient levels.Mental and Emotional SupportLong-term isolation, confined quarters, and the lack of natural stimuli can weigh heavily on astronauts’ mental health. NASA provides behavioral support, including access to psychologists, video conferencing with loved ones, and team-building activities. These efforts are designed to sustain emotional resilience and interpersonal harmony in space.Postflight RehabilitationOnce back on Earth, astronauts don’t just walk away from the mission — literally. The effects of weightlessness linger, including muscle weakness, balance issues, and reduced cardiovascular capacity. Recovery begins immediately with medical evaluations and a customized reconditioning program. NASA’s Astronaut Strength and Conditioning Specialists (ASCRs) design plans that rebuild agility, strength, and motor skills.Each astronaut's recovery timeline is different. While most regain preflight fitness within 45 days, others may need extended rehabilitation. Progress is carefully tracked using pre-mission benchmarks, ensuring each individual returns to full function — and readiness for future missions.

Health And Space: How Do Astronauts Ensure Their Well-being On Space Mission?

Quick Stories

Physical Manifestation Of Mental Health Problems - How Your Body Tries To Tell You It Needs Help

Can A Sudden Drop In Blood Pressure Lead To Death?

Better Skin Health Does Mean Better Mental Health - Researchers Find A Positive Skin-Brain Axis Link

Health Conditions A-Z

Physical Manifestation Of Mental Health Problems - How Your Body Tries To Tell You It Needs Help

Can A Sudden Drop In Blood Pressure Lead To Death?

Drinks That Can Help You Stay Hydrated More Than Water