Hormone changes are a natural part of aging, but they affect men and women differently. In women, menopause marks the end of fertility and involves a sharp decline in reproductive hormones over a relatively short period. For men, the hormonal shift is slower and more gradual. This has led to the popular but misleading idea of a “male menopause.”Debunking the Male Menopause MythThe term “male menopause” is often used in media and casual conversations to describe aging-related hormone changes in men. But unlike female menopause, men do not experience a sudden stop in hormone production.Instead, testosterone—the primary male sex hormone—declines slowly, about 1% per year from around age 30 or 40. This gradual process is medically referred to as late-onset hypogonadism or age-related low testosterone. It’s not inevitable, and not all men experience symptoms.What the NHS SaysAccording to the NHS, some men in their late 40s to early 50s experience symptoms such as:Low libido and erectile dysfunctionMood swings and irritabilityReduced muscle mass and exercise capacityFat accumulation, including belly fat or “man boobs” (gynaecomastia)Fatigue and sleep issuesPoor concentration and short-term memoryThese symptoms may be similar to those seen in menopause, but the causes are often more complex and not always hormonal.Causes Beyond HormonesThe NHS cautions against labeling these changes as “male menopause,” since many symptoms stem from lifestyle, psychological, or social factors, not just hormones. Stress, anxiety, depression, poor diet, lack of sleep, and inactivity can all contribute.For some men, this period may coincide with a "midlife crisis," marked by career worries, relationship stress, or existential concerns. These factors can affect emotional well-being and physical health—sometimes mimicking hormone-related symptoms.When It Is HormonalIn fewer cases, symptoms are linked to a genuine medical condition called late-onset hypogonadism, where the testes produce insufficient testosterone. This can occur due to:ObesityType 2 diabetesCertain medications (like opioids)Pituitary gland issuesHypogonadism can be diagnosed through blood tests and medical evaluation. It is not considered a normal part of aging.Recognizing Symptoms of Low TestosteroneMen with clinically low testosterone may experience:Decreased sexual desire or erectile issuesHot flashes or sweatingBreast tendernessLoss of bone density or heightFatigue, low mood, or reduced motivationSleep disturbancesDecreased muscle mass and increased body fatBecause these symptoms are non-specific, doctors recommend testing only when multiple signs are present.Treatment Options and RisksIf testing confirms low testosterone, and lifestyle factors are ruled out, testosterone therapy may be considered. Guidelines vary:The American College of Physicians recommends it for men with sexual dysfunction who want to improve performance.The Endocrine Society supports therapy for men with symptoms and confirmed low levels.However, therapy comes with risks, such as increased chance of heart problems, blood clots, prostate or breast cancer, and infertility.What You Should DoIf you’re experiencing troubling symptoms, talk to your GP. They may explore emotional or lifestyle causes first. Treatment could include therapy, stress management, diet, exercise—or in some cases, hormone testing.