Health and Me

Aarushi Bhadury

Being the most common cause of <span><a href="https://www.healthandme.com/health/dementia">dementia</a></span>, Alzheimer’s is a brain disorder that slowly destroys memories, thinking skills and behavioral abilities. These symptoms eventually grow enough to interfere with daily tasks. According to the Alzheimer’s Association over seven million Americans live with Alzheimer’s and that number is said to increase to 13 million by 2050. Nearly 12 million Americans provide unpaid care for people with Alzheimer’s or other dementia issues. 

However, are there certain places that have more people affected by Alzheimer’s? According to the South Texas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Texas has the fourth highest number of Alzheimer’s and second highest number of deaths from Alzheimer’s in the US. The Global Alzheimer’s Platform Foundation states that the Starr County is where 26% of Medicare beneficiaries come from. It is a rural Hispanic centric county in the Rio Grande City. 

<h2><span rel="noindex">What Causes Alzheimer’s Disease</span>? </h2>

<span>National Institute on Aging</span> explains that one of the biggest risk factors for Alzheimer’s is aging, most people develop Alzheimer’s when they are 65 or older with less than 10% cases happening before this. Other things include genetics, and research has shown conditions such as heart disease, stroke and high blood pressure could also be risk factors. 

Researchers do not fully understand what causes Alzheimer's. They think it's due to clumps of proteins in the brain that damage brain cells. It's likely a mix of genes, how people live, and what's around them. However, one common factor that has been observed by the researchers is that many of these families come from poor economic backgrounds. 

Being poor might play a big role because people in poorer areas often have worse air, drive more instead of walking, have more stress, and don't see people as much. She also mentioned that there might be bad things in the water, like arsenic, that can hurt the brain. The very hot weather in Texas could also be a problem, adding stress to the body. Finally, she noted that the large Hispanic population in the area might be more likely to get dementia for reasons we don't yet know.

<h2>How Socioeconomic Background of People Affects Alzheimer's </h2>

To understand how financial backgrounds could affect Alzheimer's, a 2018 study done by the International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease showed that the number of people without jobs in a region didn't seem to change how much Alzheimer's affected lifespan. This study looked at different areas in Slovakia to see if things like how much money people have, how many people have jobs, and how much education people get affect how long people might live if no one ever got Alzheimer's disease. 

However, they found that the amount of money a region had (GDP), the average pay people got, and how educated people were, did have an impact. 

More education seemed to indirectly lead to a bigger impact from Alzheimer's on lifespan, which matches what other studies have found. Surprisingly, they also found that when wages and the overall wealth of a region were higher, Alzheimer's seemed to have a bigger effect on shortening lifespan. This is different from what other studies have suggested, where more money usually means less Alzheimer's.

Health Conditions A-Z

health

US County Has The Highest Rates Of Dementia

alzheimers

national institute on aging

Highest Rates Of Dementia

Dementia

What Causes Alzheimer’s Disease?

US CDC Advises Elderly To Avoid Chikungunya Vaccines Following Deaths

You Consume A Pound Of Insects Every Year—List Of Foods That Secretly Contain Bugs

Snake Fruit Is Nutrition Powerhouse-Here's Why You Should Add To Your Diet

Health & Wellness

This Is What Cricket Superstar Virat Kohli Eats In A Day

Signs You Are Experiencing Sensory Overload

Shoulder Exercises You Should Do For Defined Shoulders

Best Foods To Eat When You Are Fasting

​Ghee For Ayurveda: Why It Should Be A Part Of Your Diet​

Symptoms Of Ovarian Cancer You Should Know

Yoga Poses That Can Build Core Strength

Biotin-Rich Foods You Should Add To Your Diet

Unexpected Physical Signs Of Stress

Simple And Affective Guide To Stop A Panic Attack

Signs Of Heat Exhaustion In Children

10 Heart Symptoms You Shouldn't Ignore

Lower Your Cholesterol With These Foods

Food Myths You Should Stop Believing

Work Stressing You Out? Tips To Handle Toxic Workspaces

Looking To Gain Weight? High-Calorie Healthy Foods To Try

​Pomegranates Are A Must For Summer, Here’s Why​

​How Does Being A Night Owl Change Your Brain​

​Can Nightlights Affect Your Child’s Sleep​

How To Decide Whether You Should Do Cardio Or Strength Training?

Enjoying Hobbies As An Adult Is More Important Than You Realize

Screentime Matters For Parents Too, Here's How It Causes Issues

Why Should We Discard Expired Prescription Drugs?

Perks Of Having Home Plants For Your Health

Signs You Are Dealing With Depleted Mother Syndrome

Protein-Rich Fruit Smoothies You Must Try

Ways You Can Reach Out To Someone In A Mental Health Crisis

These Things Are Causing You To Lose Sleep

10 Healthy Soups That Support Weight Loss

Easy Lunch Ideas For People With Type 2 Diabetes

9 Bodyweight Exercises To Boost Strength Anytime, Anywhere

Iron-Rich Foods Every Woman Should Include in Her Diet

Ayurvedic Foods To Cool Your Body Naturally

10 Ways Fluctuating Cortisol Levels Can Affect You Physically

Unexpected Factors That Affect Your Blood Sugar

Foods People With PCOS Should Avoid

Do Sleep Trackers Actually Work? Things You Should Know About

Avoiding These Proteins Is Causing Your Health To Deteriorate

Not Sure Whether It Is Fatigue Or Burnout? Answer These 10 Questions

Experiencing Drained Energy Mid-Day? 10 Ways To Fix It

Being the most common cause of dementia, Alzheimer’s is a brain disorder that slowly destroys memories, thinking skills and behavioral abilities. These symptoms eventually grow enough to interfere with daily tasks. According to the Alzheimer’s Association over seven million Americans live with Alzheimer’s and that number is said to increase to 13 million by 2050. Nearly 12 million Americans provide unpaid care for people with Alzheimer’s or other dementia issues. However, are there certain places that have more people affected by Alzheimer’s? According to the South Texas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Texas has the fourth highest number of Alzheimer’s and second highest number of deaths from Alzheimer’s in the US. The Global Alzheimer’s Platform Foundation states that the Starr County is where 26% of Medicare beneficiaries come from. It is a rural Hispanic centric county in the Rio Grande City. What Causes Alzheimer’s Disease? National Institute on Aging explains that one of the biggest risk factors for Alzheimer’s is aging, most people develop Alzheimer’s when they are 65 or older with less than 10% cases happening before this. Other things include genetics, and research has shown conditions such as heart disease, stroke and high blood pressure could also be risk factors. Researchers do not fully understand what causes Alzheimer's. They think it's due to clumps of proteins in the brain that damage brain cells. It's likely a mix of genes, how people live, and what's around them. However, one common factor that has been observed by the researchers is that many of these families come from poor economic backgrounds. Being poor might play a big role because people in poorer areas often have worse air, drive more instead of walking, have more stress, and don't see people as much. She also mentioned that there might be bad things in the water, like arsenic, that can hurt the brain. The very hot weather in Texas could also be a problem, adding stress to the body. Finally, she noted that the large Hispanic population in the area might be more likely to get dementia for reasons we don't yet know. How Socioeconomic Background of People Affects Alzheimer's To understand how financial backgrounds could affect Alzheimer's, a 2018 study done by the International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease showed that the number of people without jobs in a region didn't seem to change how much Alzheimer's affected lifespan. This study looked at different areas in Slovakia to see if things like how much money people have, how many people have jobs, and how much education people get affect how long people might live if no one ever got Alzheimer's disease. However, they found that the amount of money a region had (GDP), the average pay people got, and how educated people were, did have an impact. More education seemed to indirectly lead to a bigger impact from Alzheimer's on lifespan, which matches what other studies have found. Surprisingly, they also found that when wages and the overall wealth of a region were higher, Alzheimer's seemed to have a bigger effect on shortening lifespan. This is different from what other studies have suggested, where more money usually means less Alzheimer's.

This US County Has The Highest Rates Of Dementia - Here Is The Reason Why

this us county has the highest rates of dementia - here is the reason why

Riya Baibhawi

Gardening Helps Slow Down Cognitive Decline

2 Overlooked Early Signs Of Dementia That Get Mistaken As Everyday Issues

2 overlooked early signs of dementia that get mistaken as everyday issues

Are You Able To Thrive On Just 4 Hours Of Sleep? This Rare Gene Mutation Might Be Why

are you able to thrive on just 4 hours of sleep? this rare gene mutation might be why

Fitness

Yoga Can Help Reduce Chronic Pain, Here's How

yoga can help reduce chronic pain, here's how

<span>Gardening</span> preserves cognitive function and may also help prevent <span>neurodegenerative diseases</span> like <span>Dementia</span>, Parkinson's Disease, among others. A new study, which was conducted by researchers in the UK, showed that those who grew and nurtured plants as well as lived in greener environments slowed down their <span>cognitive decline</span>. Intrestingly, there is already enough empirical evidence that shows plants reduce stress and improve memory and recall. 

It is because of this that many countries have care farms, which get their name from the way they serve people's impulses to work and connect with others. Speaking to the <em>BBC</em>, Henreitte Bringsjord, whose parents founded one of such farms, said, "My mum and dad loved farm work, and they thought about how hard it is for people with dementia to stop working and lose their social life. So, they wanted to help people with dementia become a part of life again." 

<h2>How Do Plants Help You Boost Neurological Pathways?</h2>

The study, which was published in the Journal of Environmental Psychology, stated that nature can significantly increase physical activity and social connection while reducing stress, which has multiple positive knock-on effects such as blood pressure, blood sugar control and healthy weight. According to health experts, physical activities really have immense health benefits, but gardening surcharges those.

To test the same, researchers from the University of Edinburgh investigated if there might be a link between gardening and changes in our intelligence over our lifetimes. The study compared the intelligence test scores of participants at age 11 and age 79. All the participants in the study were residents of Edinburgh and were traced throughout their lifetimes. Of the 467 people tested, almost 31 per cent had never gardened, but 43 per cent regularly did. The results showed that those who spent time gardening showed greater lifetime improvement in their cognitive ability than those who never or rarely did. "Between the ages of 79 and 90, cognitive ability, including memory, problem solving, and word fluency, generally declined across the board, but the earlier advantage of gardeners endured", researchers of the study said. 

Besides gardening, these are the activities that can also help you boost cognitive health. 

1. Physical Exercise: Improves blood flow to the brain and promotes neurogenesis.

2. Mental Exercises: Engaging in puzzles, chess, and memory games enhances problem-solving skills and memory.

3. Reading and Learning: Reading diverse materials or learning a new language strengthens neural connections.

4. Playing Musical Instruments: Enhances cognitive processing and coordination.

5. Social Interactions: Meaningful conversations and group activities stimulate cognitive and emotional processing.

6. Mindfulness and Meditation: Reduces stress and improves focus and attention span.

7. Adequate Sleep: Supports memory consolidation and cognitive function.

8. Healthy Diet: Consuming foods rich in omega-3s, antioxidants, and vitamins promotes brain health.

9. Hobbies and New Skills: Learning new skills or hobbies keeps the brain active and engaged.

10. Cognitive Training Apps: Apps designed for memory and focus training can provide structured mental workouts.

<strong>ALSO READ</strong>: <a href="https://www.healthandme.com/nutrition/6-tips-to-take-care-of-your-gut-health-by-celebrity-doctor-steven-grundy-article-151273239" data-type="tilCustomLink">6 Tips To Take Care Of Your Gut Health By Celebrity Doctor Steven Grundy</a>

Cognitive Decline

dementia

Cognition

Neurodegenerative diseases

Gardening

Gardening preserves cognitive function and may also help prevent neurodegenerative diseases like Dementia, Parkinson's Disease, among others. A new study, which was conducted by researchers in the UK, showed that those who grew and nurtured plants as well as lived in greener environments slowed down their cognitive decline. Intrestingly, there is already enough empirical evidence that shows plants reduce stress and improve memory and recall. It is because of this that many countries have care farms, which get their name from the way they serve people's impulses to work and connect with others. Speaking to the BBC, Henreitte Bringsjord, whose parents founded one of such farms, said, "My mum and dad loved farm work, and they thought about how hard it is for people with dementia to stop working and lose their social life. So, they wanted to help people with dementia become a part of life again." How Do Plants Help You Boost Neurological Pathways?The study, which was published in the Journal of Environmental Psychology, stated that nature can significantly increase physical activity and social connection while reducing stress, which has multiple positive knock-on effects such as blood pressure, blood sugar control and healthy weight. According to health experts, physical activities really have immense health benefits, but gardening surcharges those.To test the same, researchers from the University of Edinburgh investigated if there might be a link between gardening and changes in our intelligence over our lifetimes. The study compared the intelligence test scores of participants at age 11 and age 79. All the participants in the study were residents of Edinburgh and were traced throughout their lifetimes. Of the 467 people tested, almost 31 per cent had never gardened, but 43 per cent regularly did. The results showed that those who spent time gardening showed greater lifetime improvement in their cognitive ability than those who never or rarely did. "Between the ages of 79 and 90, cognitive ability, including memory, problem solving, and word fluency, generally declined across the board, but the earlier advantage of gardeners endured", researchers of the study said. Besides gardening, these are the activities that can also help you boost cognitive health. 1. Physical Exercise: Improves blood flow to the brain and promotes neurogenesis.2. Mental Exercises: Engaging in puzzles, chess, and memory games enhances problem-solving skills and memory.3. Reading and Learning: Reading diverse materials or learning a new language strengthens neural connections.4. Playing Musical Instruments: Enhances cognitive processing and coordination.5. Social Interactions: Meaningful conversations and group activities stimulate cognitive and emotional processing.6. Mindfulness and Meditation: Reduces stress and improves focus and attention span.7. Adequate Sleep: Supports memory consolidation and cognitive function.8. Healthy Diet: Consuming foods rich in omega-3s, antioxidants, and vitamins promotes brain health.9. Hobbies and New Skills: Learning new skills or hobbies keeps the brain active and engaged.10. Cognitive Training Apps: Apps designed for memory and focus training can provide structured mental workouts.ALSO READ: 6 Tips To Take Care Of Your Gut Health By Celebrity Doctor Steven Grundy

gardening helps slow down cognitive decline

Fact Check: Did Childhood Cancer Rates Really Surge By 40% As Claimed By Trump?

fact check: did childhood cancer rates really surge by 40% as claimed by trump?

Male Menopause: Is Andropause A Reality Or A Myth?

male menopause: is andropause a reality or a myth?

Men Shouldn't Ignore This Common Cancer Symptom That Keeps Them Awake At Night

men shouldn't ignore this common cancer symptom that keeps them awake at night

What Is The First At-Home Cervical Cancer Test Approved By FDA?

fda clears first at-home cervical cancer test, know all about it

<span>John Cena</span>, the beloved WWE wrestler and actor, has opened up about his skin <span>cancer</span> diagnosis. Being diagnosed with melanoma twice, he recalled getting a phone call twice as his doctors told him the biopsy for came out cancerous. The first spot had appeared on his pectoral muscle and a year later it was in a different spot on his upper trapezius muscle. He explains that this information was sobering and prompted him to change his life. 

He has also now become the face of Ultra Sheer Mineral Face Liquid Sunscreen SPF 70 that moves to normalize the use of sunscreen among men. He admitted he always neglected sunscreen, but now he has added it to his daily routine. While there has been a rise in the number of cancer diagnoses, there hasn’t been a clear reason why. 

<h2>Is There A Gender Gap For Sunscreen? </h2>

Cena noticed that women talk about skin care and sunscreen more openly than men. He believes it can be harder for men to start these conversations. But he thinks it shouldn't be that way. "Men are becoming more aware of taking care of themselves," he says. "We just need to make it a normal thing." Cena wants more men to use sunscreen as often as women. 

Studies show that women are much more likely to use sunscreen than men. However, by the age of 50, men have a higher risk of getting melanoma, a serious type of skin cancer, than women. At any age, men are more likely to die from melanoma. According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, in 2020, only a small percentage of men (12.3%) always used sunscreen when outside in the sun for more than an hour, compared to a much larger percentage of women (29.0%). Younger men used sunscreen the least. 

A recent survey done by <span>Neutrogena</span> also found that a third of people never go to a skin doctor for check-ups. Women were also more likely to be told to wear sunscreen every day compared to men. Cena believes that sunscreen is often linked to beauty in women's minds, which might explain why they use it more. 

<h2>Why Is Melanoma Becoming An Increased Issue? </h2>

According to 2023 review published in the Cancer journal, in the US, the number of melanoma cases have increased by 40% from the years 2009 to 2019. The number of new cases that have been predicted to happen is 110,000, which is a drastic increase considering the 65,000 in the year 2011. The study says that there is a disproportionately higher risk of men developing cancer and by 2040, melanoma will be the second most common cancer overall. 

Cena says he doesn't care if men use sunscreen for health reasons or to avoid wrinkles – he just wants them to use it. He compares using sunscreen to going to the gym for looks but getting healthier in the process. He says using SPF is "super easy," like brushing your teeth. His hope is that men will start keeping sunscreen next to their toothpaste and use it every day. Cena says his own life perspective changed after his cancer scares, and he wants to encourage others to be proactive about skin protection before it's too late.

John Cena Cancer

cancer

john cena

neutrogena

John Cena Suncreen SPF 70

John Cena's Cancer Diagnosis

John Cena, the beloved WWE wrestler and actor, has opened up about his skin cancer diagnosis. Being diagnosed with melanoma twice, he recalled getting a phone call twice as his doctors told him the biopsy for came out cancerous. The first spot had appeared on his pectoral muscle and a year later it was in a different spot on his upper trapezius muscle. He explains that this information was sobering and prompted him to change his life. He has also now become the face of Ultra Sheer Mineral Face Liquid Sunscreen SPF 70 that moves to normalize the use of sunscreen among men. He admitted he always neglected sunscreen, but now he has added it to his daily routine. While there has been a rise in the number of cancer diagnoses, there hasn’t been a clear reason why. Is There A Gender Gap For Sunscreen? Cena noticed that women talk about skin care and sunscreen more openly than men. He believes it can be harder for men to start these conversations. But he thinks it shouldn't be that way. "Men are becoming more aware of taking care of themselves," he says. "We just need to make it a normal thing." Cena wants more men to use sunscreen as often as women. Studies show that women are much more likely to use sunscreen than men. However, by the age of 50, men have a higher risk of getting melanoma, a serious type of skin cancer, than women. At any age, men are more likely to die from melanoma. According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, in 2020, only a small percentage of men (12.3%) always used sunscreen when outside in the sun for more than an hour, compared to a much larger percentage of women (29.0%). Younger men used sunscreen the least. A recent survey done by Neutrogena also found that a third of people never go to a skin doctor for check-ups. Women were also more likely to be told to wear sunscreen every day compared to men. Cena believes that sunscreen is often linked to beauty in women's minds, which might explain why they use it more. Why Is Melanoma Becoming An Increased Issue? According to 2023 review published in the Cancer journal, in the US, the number of melanoma cases have increased by 40% from the years 2009 to 2019. The number of new cases that have been predicted to happen is 110,000, which is a drastic increase considering the 65,000 in the year 2011. The study says that there is a disproportionately higher risk of men developing cancer and by 2040, melanoma will be the second most common cancer overall. Cena says he doesn't care if men use sunscreen for health reasons or to avoid wrinkles – he just wants them to use it. He compares using sunscreen to going to the gym for looks but getting healthier in the process. He says using SPF is "super easy," like brushing your teeth. His hope is that men will start keeping sunscreen next to their toothpaste and use it every day. Cena says his own life perspective changed after his cancer scares, and he wants to encourage others to be proactive about skin protection before it's too late.

'It was Sobering': John Cena's Cancer Diagnosis Changed His Perspective On Life

'it was sobering': john cena's cancer diagnosis changed his perspective on life

Nutrition

Just 5 Minutes of Junk Food Ads Can Make Kids Eat More, Study Warns

just 5 minutes of junk food ads can make kids eat more, study warns

Health Problems in Pregnant Woman Could Lead To Hypertension In Babies

health problems in pregnant woman could lead to hypertension in babies

James Whale Shares Heartbreaking Update: 'I’m at the End of My Cancer Journey'

james whale shares heartbreaking update: 'i’m at the end of my cancer journey'

Being overweight means tackling health issues like high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, heart diseases. However, gaining weight in certain stages of life is worse. While childhood obesity must be avoided, healthy weight gain is necessary for children’s growth, it is also not a big concern as kids who lead a generally active lifestyle. 

So, are there certain ages when weight gain should be avoided or paid more attention to? 

Science says yes. A recent study, showcased in the 32nd <span>European Congress on Obesity</span> in Malaga, found that putting on extra weight before you turn 30 could almost double your chances of dying early. Researchers looked at the health information of 620,000 adults and saw that most people gained about one pound each year between ages 17 and 60. However, becoming very overweight in your 20s had much worse health effects than gaining weight later in life. 

<h2>How <span rel="noindex">Gaining Weight In 20s Could Be A Health Issue</span> </h2>

The study showed that men who became obese before they were 30 had a 79% higher chance of dying early compared to those who stayed at a healthy weight. For women who became obese before 30, this risk was even higher, at 84%. These findings are important because most people tend to gain weight when they are young adults. This often happens when people in their early 20s move out and start eating more fast food and easy, unhealthy meals. 

Researchers explained that the most important takeaway from the study is that avoiding weight gain, especially when you're in your late teens and 20s, can really help your health in the long run. She said that gaining weight early in adulthood or becoming obese at a young age makes you more likely to die from many long-term illnesses later in life. The study followed men for an average of 23 years and women for an average of 12 years. 

<h2>Why <span rel="noindex">Young Adults Must Adopt Healthy Living</span> </h2>

People who gained weight later in life also had a higher risk of dying early, but not as much as those who gained weight when they were young. Becoming obese between the ages of 45 and 60 increased the overall risk of early death by about one-fourth. If people became obese between 30 and 45, their risk increased by 52%. For those under 30, gaining just a little bit of weight each year (one pound) increased the risk of early death by 24% for men and 22% for women. 

Experts said that the years between 17 and 30 are a very important time in life when building healthy habits can have long-lasting good effects. Experts say that even gaining a small amount of weight in your 20s can greatly increase your risk of dying early if it stays with you for many years. They emphasized that the earlier people start living healthily, the better their chances of living a long life. 

Gaining Weight Before THIS Age

european congress on obesity

increases your Chances Of Dying Early

Gaining Weight In 20s Could Be A Health Issue

Young Adults Must Adopt Healthy Living

Obesity has become a world crisis

Being overweight means tackling health issues like high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, heart diseases. However, gaining weight in certain stages of life is worse. While childhood obesity must be avoided, healthy weight gain is necessary for children’s growth, it is also not a big concern as kids who lead a generally active lifestyle. So, are there certain ages when weight gain should be avoided or paid more attention to? Science says yes. A recent study, showcased in the 32nd European Congress on Obesity in Malaga, found that putting on extra weight before you turn 30 could almost double your chances of dying early. Researchers looked at the health information of 620,000 adults and saw that most people gained about one pound each year between ages 17 and 60. However, becoming very overweight in your 20s had much worse health effects than gaining weight later in life. How Gaining Weight In 20s Could Be A Health Issue The study showed that men who became obese before they were 30 had a 79% higher chance of dying early compared to those who stayed at a healthy weight. For women who became obese before 30, this risk was even higher, at 84%. These findings are important because most people tend to gain weight when they are young adults. This often happens when people in their early 20s move out and start eating more fast food and easy, unhealthy meals. Researchers explained that the most important takeaway from the study is that avoiding weight gain, especially when you're in your late teens and 20s, can really help your health in the long run. She said that gaining weight early in adulthood or becoming obese at a young age makes you more likely to die from many long-term illnesses later in life. The study followed men for an average of 23 years and women for an average of 12 years. Why Young Adults Must Adopt Healthy Living People who gained weight later in life also had a higher risk of dying early, but not as much as those who gained weight when they were young. Becoming obese between the ages of 45 and 60 increased the overall risk of early death by about one-fourth. If people became obese between 30 and 45, their risk increased by 52%. For those under 30, gaining just a little bit of weight each year (one pound) increased the risk of early death by 24% for men and 22% for women. Experts said that the years between 17 and 30 are a very important time in life when building healthy habits can have long-lasting good effects. Experts say that even gaining a small amount of weight in your 20s can greatly increase your risk of dying early if it stays with you for many years. They emphasized that the earlier people start living healthily, the better their chances of living a long life. 

Gaining Weight Before THIS Age Can Double Your Chances Of Dying Early

gaining weight before this age can double your chances of dying early

About Us

Contact Us

Terms & Conditions

Privacy Policy

Company

Health and Me is a premium website with content written and curated to function as a handbook for all Health concerns.