Researchers from Tufts University analyzed health and dietary data from over 46,000 American adults collected between 1999 and 2018. They wanted to understand how different types of coffee — from black to heavily sweetened — might relate to overall mortality, including deaths from heart disease and cancer.Their findings were revealing: people who drank at least one cup of caffeinated coffee daily had a 16% lower risk of dying prematurely from any cause. The sweet spot appeared to be two to three cups a day, which was linked to a 17% lower risk of early death. Interestingly, the study found no significant connection between coffee and cancer-related deaths.The Role of AdditivesSo, what made the difference? According to the study, the key was how people took their coffee. Those who enjoyed their brew black or with just a little added sugar and saturated fat saw the most benefit. Once the coffee was loaded with sweeteners and rich creams, the protective effect faded.To put it into perspective, “low” sugar was defined as about half a teaspoon per 8-ounce cup, and “low” fat meant around 1 gram of saturated fat — roughly the amount in five tablespoons of 2% milk or one tablespoon of light cream.“Few studies have examined how coffee additives could impact the link between coffee consumption and mortality risk,” said lead author Bingjie Zhou, a recent Ph.D. graduate from Tufts. “Our study is among the first to quantify how much sweetener and saturated fat are being added.”Decaf vs. RegularWhile the study mostly focused on caffeinated coffee, it also looked at decaf. Fewer participants drank decaf regularly, making it harder to detect a clear pattern. As a result, no strong association was found between decaf coffee and reduced mortality risk.A Word of CautionIt’s important to note that the study relied on self-reported food intake, which isn’t always precise. People may underreport how much sugar or cream they actually use, and other lifestyle factors might also play a role.Still, the findings offer helpful guidance for coffee lovers. Senior author Fang Fang Zhang of Tufts University summed it up well: “Coffee is among the most-consumed beverages in the world… it’s important for us to know what it might mean for health.”Your daily coffee habit could support a longer life — just keep it simple. Stick to black coffee or go easy on the sugar and cream. It turns out that when it comes to your morning brew, less really is more.