We already know that ultraprocessed foods are linked to obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. But now, a new study published in the medical journal Thorax suggests a concerning addition to that list, lung cancer.According to researchers, people who consume the highest amounts of ultraprocessed foods may face a 41% higher risk of being diagnosed with lung cancer, compared to those who eat the least, even when accounting for smoking and other known risk factors.What Are Ultraprocessed Foods?Ultraprocessed foods are industrial formulations made largely or entirely from substances not typically used in home cooking. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, these include artificial colorings, preservatives, emulsifiers, and chemically altered fats, sugars, or salts.Common examples? Think sodas, chips, packaged soups, processed meats like chicken nuggets and cold cuts, instant noodles, diet soft drinks, and even some ice creams.These additives enhance taste, shelf-life, and appearance, but at what cost?What Does The Study Reveal About Food Choices and Lung Cancer RiskResearchers behind the Thorax study analyzed data from over 100,000 adults who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Each person filled out a detailed dietary questionnaire, which researchers then compared with medical records to track lung cancer diagnoses over time.On average, people reported eating nearly three servings of ultraprocessed food a day, most commonly lunch meats and soft drinks.Despite adjusting for smoking habits, age, sex, and other lifestyle factors, the study found a clear association between higher ultraprocessed food intake and increased lung cancer risk, particularly among people who had never smoked.“This strongly suggests that these foods may contribute to lung cancer risk in ways beyond just smoking,” said Dr. David Katz, a specialist in preventive and lifestyle medicine and founder of the nonprofit True Health Initiative, as reported by CNN. Though not involved in the study, Katz called the findings “concerning and credible.”Why Would Food Be Linked to Lung Cancer?Experts believe multiple mechanisms could be behind the link.“Industrial processing alters the food matrix,” the study authors explained, “which affects how nutrients are absorbed and may produce harmful contaminants.”One such contaminant is acrolein. It is a toxic compound found not only in cigarette smoke, but also produced when cooking oils or fats are heated to high temperatures. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lists acrolein as a substance that can inflame and damage lung tissue.Packaging may also be a problem. Plastics and synthetic materials used in food storage can leach chemicals, some of which are known or suspected carcinogens.Add to that the fact that ultraprocessed foods are often low in omega-3 fatty acids, said Dr. Tom Brenna, professor of nutrition and chemistry at the University of Texas at Austin, as reported by CNN. “Omega-3s spoil easily, so manufacturers tend to remove them to increase shelf life,” he explained. That’s unfortunate, because omega-3s help reduce inflammation, a key process in cancer development.Smoking Isn’t the Only Risk FactorLung cancer remains one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers globally, with 2.4 million new cases in 2022, according to the World Health Organization. While smoking remains the leading risk factor, experts now believe diet and environmental exposures also play a role.Dr. Fang Fang Zhang, a professor at Tufts University’s Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, as reported by CNN, noted that while the study adjusted for smoking, the adjustment may not have been thorough enough. “Smoking needs to be measured more precisely, by cigarettes per day or years of exposure,” she said. Still, she found the link stronger in non-smokers, which makes the data all the more compelling.What You Can Do: Eat More Whole FoodsThe takeaway? While more research is needed to understand the exact biological mechanisms at play, the connection between ultraprocessed foods and cancer risk can no longer be ignored.According to Dr. Katz, the solution lies in going back to basics. “Health and diet quality improve when people eat mostly whole, unprocessed foods,” he said, including vegetables, fruits, beans, whole grains, nuts, seeds, and other plant-based ingredients.Dr. Zhang agrees. “Avoid foods with long ingredient lists full of unfamiliar chemicals,” she advised. “Focus on meals made from whole or minimally processed ingredients whenever possible.”