Pregnancy is usually a period of euphoria and expectation, but what if the symptoms of loose stools, stomach pain, and dizziness are warning signs of something far more dangerous? Although morning sickness and fatigue are usual, these symptoms could be the sign of an ectopic pregnancy—a life-threatening condition affecting about 2% of all pregnancies. Interestingly enough, more than 90% of ectopic pregnancies are located in the fallopian tubes, where the implanted fertilized egg is found outside the uterus and can rupture, causing profuse internal bleeding. If this isn't treated, it will result in death. So how do you know when you are in danger, and what should you do if you are?Although some aches and pains are usual, some symptoms warrant immediate medical intervention. Have you had loose stools and abdominal discomfort in early pregnancy? They may be more than just stomach upsets—they may be indicative of an ectopic pregnancy, which is a dangerous condition needing to be treated promptly.What is Ectopic Pregnancy?An ectopic pregnancy is one in which a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes. These pregnancies cannot be carried to term because only the uterus can provide the necessary environment for fetal growth. Medical professionals estimate that roughly 1-2% of all pregnancies are ectopic, and more than 90% of these occur in the fallopian tubes. Less often, ectopic pregnancies may develop in the ovaries, cervix, or even the abdominal cavity.As the pregnancy advances, the damaged tube can burst, causing extensive internal bleeding. This is a medical emergency requiring immediate surgery.Dr. Monica Gupta, Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynecology, clarifies, "An ectopic pregnancy is a serious condition as the pregnancy cannot survive, and there is a high risk of internal bleeding, which can be fatal."Early Symptoms of Ectopic PregnancyThe early warning signs of an ectopic pregnancy might be subtle and confusing, simulating early signs of pregnancy, so it can be difficult to detect. Nevertheless, there are some crucial warning signs that must be evaluated immediately:Vaginal bleeding: It can be light spotting or more significant bleeding other than a normal menstrual period.Abdominal pain: Sustained or severe pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic region, usually on one side.Loose stools and abdominal discomfort: Gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea and pressure in the rectum, may be a sign of a more developed ectopic pregnancy.Dizziness and syncope: Internal bleeding causes hypotension that leads to feelings of lightheadedness or passing out.Pain in the shoulder: This abnormal symptom might appear if blood from a ruptured ectopic pregnancy irritates the diaphragm.Dr. Gupta points out, "Symptoms of ectopic pregnancy can be vague and difficult to differentiate from normal pregnancy, especially in early stages before tubal rupture begins." This is the reason women who have any of the aforementioned symptoms need to undergo medical examination without hesitation.Who Is at Risk for an Ectopic Pregnancy?Although an ectopic pregnancy can occur in any woman, there are some risk factors that can make this condition more likely:Previous ectopic pregnancy: A history of ectopic pregnancy greatly increases the risk of recurrence.Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): Infection can lead to scarring of the fallopian tubes, preventing the passage of the fertilized egg.Previous tubal surgery: Operations including tubal ligation (tying the tubes) or operations for endometriosis may predispose to it.Use of fertility treatments: Women who have had in vitro fertilization (IVF) are at increased risk of ectopic implantation.Smoking: Use of tobacco is associated with fallopian tube damage.Use of IUD at conception: Though uncommon, an intrauterine device (IUD) at the time of conception may raise the risk.Age more than 35 years: Women older than this age group have a slightly increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.Notably, as many as 50% of ectopic pregnancies happen in women with no identifiable risk factors, which underscores the importance of caution among all pregnant women.Why Ectopic Pregnancy Is a Medical EmergencyA growing pregnancy needs room to expand, but fallopian tubes do not have the capacity to stretch like the uterus. If an ectopic pregnancy goes undiagnosed, the tube may rupture, causing heavy internal bleeding, shock, and death if untreated.Dr. Gupta describes, "In advanced stages, patients have severe abdominal pain, fainting, anemia, a drop in blood pressure, and shock. If rupture happens, immediate surgery is required."How Is an Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosed?Early diagnosis is critical in treating an ectopic pregnancy. Physicians employ the following methods:Pregnancy test: A positive pregnancy test with abnormal symptoms is suspicious.Pelvic examination: Physicians can sense tenderness, a mass, or abnormal fullness in the pelvis.Ultrasound scan: Transvaginal ultrasound can establish the lack of pregnancy in the uterus and detect its location elsewhere.Blood tests: Testing for levels of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) can diagnose abnormal pregnancies. Treatment Options for Ectopic PregnancyThe treatment depends on the stage at which an ectopic pregnancy is diagnosed:Medication: If caught early, methotrexate, a drug that halts cell development, can be administered to dissolve the ectopic tissue without surgery.Surgery: In the event the condition has progressed or rupture has already happened, immediate surgery must be done to remove the pregnancy and repair or eliminate the affected fallopian tube. This is usually done laparoscopically (minimal invasive procedure).Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening condition, and early diagnosis makes a big difference in outcomes. Any woman with unusual pain, bleeding, or gastrointestinal symptoms during early pregnancy must be evaluated immediately.Dr. Gupta emphasizes, "A suspicion of ectopic pregnancy should always be made when a patient comes with abnormal bleeding or pain during early pregnancy. Delay in diagnosis can result in serious complications."Pregnancy should be a time of joy, but unexpected complications can arise. If you are pregnant and experience persistent abdominal pain, loose stools, dizziness, or unusual bleeding, consult a healthcare provider without delay. Ectopic pregnancy is a serious but treatable condition when diagnosed early. Raising awareness and understanding the warning signs can save lives.Dr Monica Gupta is a Consultant Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Manipal Hospital, Bhubaneshwar In India